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A Stress Inducible Sumo Conjugating Enzyme Gene (Sasce9) From A Grass Halophyte Spartina Alterniflora Enhances Salinity And Drought Stress Tolerance In Arabidopsis, Ratna Karan, Prasanta K. Subudhi Oct 2012

A Stress Inducible Sumo Conjugating Enzyme Gene (Sasce9) From A Grass Halophyte Spartina Alterniflora Enhances Salinity And Drought Stress Tolerance In Arabidopsis, Ratna Karan, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

Background: SUMO (Small Ubiquitin related Modifier) conjugation is a post translational regulatory process found in all eukaryotes, mediated by SUMO activating enzyme, SUMO conjugating enzyme, and SUMO ligase for the attachment of SUMO to its target protein. Although the mechanism for regulation of SUMO conjugation pathway genes under abiotic stress has been studied to certain extent, the role of SUMO conjugating enzyme in improving abiotic stress tolerance to plant is largely unexplored. Here, we have characterized a SUMO conjugating enzyme gene 'SaSce9' from a halophytic grass Spartina alterniflora and investigated its role in imparting abiotic stress tolerance.Results: SaSce9 gene encodes …

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Human Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase Type I (Hnqo1) Activation Of Quinone Propionic Acid Trigger Groups, Maria F. Mendoza, Nicole M. Hollabaugh, Suraj U. Hettiarachchi, Robin L. Mccarley Oct 2012

Human Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase Type I (Hnqo1) Activation Of Quinone Propionic Acid Trigger Groups, Maria F. Mendoza, Nicole M. Hollabaugh, Suraj U. Hettiarachchi, Robin L. Mccarley

Faculty Publications

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (NQO1) is a target enzyme for triggered delivery of drugs at inflamed tissue and tumor sites, particularly those that challenge traditional therapies. Prodrugs, macromolecules, and molecular assemblies possessing trigger groups that can be cleaved by environmental stimuli are vehicles with the potential to yield active drug only at prescribed sites. Furthermore, quinone propionic acids (QPAs) covalently attached to prodrugs or liposome surfaces can be removed by application of a reductive trigger stimulus, such as that from NQO1; their rates of reductive activation should be tunable via QPA structure. We explored in detail the recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone …

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Irradiation Induced Fluorescence Enhancement In Pegylated Cyanine-Based Nir Nano- And Mesoscale Gumbos, Chengfei Lu, Susmita Das, Paul K.S. Magut, Min Li, Bilal El-Zahab, Isiah M. Warner Oct 2012

Irradiation Induced Fluorescence Enhancement In Pegylated Cyanine-Based Nir Nano- And Mesoscale Gumbos, Chengfei Lu, Susmita Das, Paul K.S. Magut, Min Li, Bilal El-Zahab, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a PEGylated IR786 GUMBOS (Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts). The synthesis of this material was accomplished using a three step protocol: (1) substitution of chloride on the cyclohexenyl ring in the heptamethine chain of IR786 by 6-aminohexanoic acid, (2) grafting of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MeOPEG) onto the 6-aminohexanoic acid via an esterification reaction, and (3) anion exchange between [PEG786][I] and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiNTf 2) or sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in order to obtain PEG786 GUMBOS. Examination of spectroscopic data for this PEG786 GUMBOS indicates a large stokes shift (122 nm). …

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Visual And Electronic Evaluations Of Detached Strawberry Leaves Inoculated With Colletotrichum Species, M. A. Miller-Butler, K. J. Curry, B. R. Kreiser, B. J. Smith Oct 2012

Visual And Electronic Evaluations Of Detached Strawberry Leaves Inoculated With Colletotrichum Species, M. A. Miller-Butler, K. J. Curry, B. R. Kreiser, B. J. Smith

Faculty Publications

Inoculation of detached strawberry leaves with Colletotrichum species may provide an accurate, rapid, non-destructive method of identifying anthracnose resistant germplasm. Two assessments of anthracnose disease severity were compared on detached strawberry leaves inoculated with Colletotrichum fragariae and C. gloeosporioides: a quantitative assessment made via computer-based image analysis and a visual assessment made by two independent raters. The image analysis provided a precise measurement of percent lesion area of infected leaves. There was a strong positive correlation between percent lesion area and the visual disease scores of the raters.

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Hemisphere-Scale Differences In Conifer Evolutionary Dynamics, Andrew B. Leslie, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Hardeep S. Rai, Peter R. Crane, Michael J. Donoghue, Sarah Mathews Oct 2012

Hemisphere-Scale Differences In Conifer Evolutionary Dynamics, Andrew B. Leslie, Jeremy M. Beaulieu, Hardeep S. Rai, Peter R. Crane, Michael J. Donoghue, Sarah Mathews

Faculty Publications

Fundamental differences in the distribution of oceans and landmasses in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres potentially impact patterns of biological diversity in the two areas. The evolutionary history of conifers provides an opportunity to explore these dynamics, because the majority of extant conifer species belong to lineages that have been broadly confined to the Northern or Southern Hemisphere during the Cenozoic. Incorporating genetic information with a critical review of fossil evidence, we developed an age-calibrated phylogeny sampling ∼80% of living conifer species. Most extant conifer species diverged recently during the Neogene within clades that generally were established during the later …

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Hsv-1 Latent Rabbits Shed Viral Dna Into Their Saliva, James M. Hill, Nicole M. Nolan, Harris E. Mcferrin, Christian Clement, Timothy P. Foster, William P. Halford, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Walter J. Lukiw, Hilary W. Thompson, Ethan M. Stern, Partha S. Bhattacharjee Oct 2012

Hsv-1 Latent Rabbits Shed Viral Dna Into Their Saliva, James M. Hill, Nicole M. Nolan, Harris E. Mcferrin, Christian Clement, Timothy P. Foster, William P. Halford, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Walter J. Lukiw, Hilary W. Thompson, Ethan M. Stern, Partha S. Bhattacharjee

Faculty Publications

Background: Rabbits latent with HSV-1 strain McKrae spontaneously shed infectious virus and viral DNA into their tears and develop recurrent herpetic-specific corneal lesions. The rabbit eye model has been used for many years to assess acute ocular infections and pathogenesis, antiviral efficacy, as well as latency, reactivation, and recurrent eye diseases. This study used real-time PCR to quantify HSV-1 DNA in the saliva and tears of rabbits latent with HSV-1 McKrae. Methods. New Zealand white rabbits used were latent with HSV-1 strain McKrae and had no ocular or oral pathology. Scarified corneas were topically inoculated with HSV-1. Eye swabs and …

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Spike Phase Locking In Ca1 Pyramidal Neurons Depends On Background Conductance And Firing Rate., Broicher T, Malerba P, Dorval Ad, Borisyuk A, Fernandez Fr, White Ja Oct 2012

Spike Phase Locking In Ca1 Pyramidal Neurons Depends On Background Conductance And Firing Rate., Broicher T, Malerba P, Dorval Ad, Borisyuk A, Fernandez Fr, White Ja

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Long-Term Survival Of Anoxia Despite Rapid Atp Decline In Embryos Of The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus, Jason E. Podrabsky, Michael A. Menze, Steven C. Hand Oct 2012

Long-Term Survival Of Anoxia Despite Rapid Atp Decline In Embryos Of The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus, Jason E. Podrabsky, Michael A. Menze, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can survive for months in the complete absence of oxygen. Survival of anoxia is associated with entry into a state of metabolic dormancy known as diapause. However, extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained for several days of post-diapause development. Rates of heat dissipation in diapause II and 4 days post-diapause II embryos were measured under aerobic conditions and during the transition into anoxia. Phosphorylated adenylate compounds were quantified in embryos during entry into anoxia and after 12hr of aerobic recovery. Rates of heat dissipation were not affected by exposure to anoxia in diapause …

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Ultraconserved Elements Anchor Thousands Of Genetic Markers Spanning Multiple Evolutionary Timescales, Brant C. Faircloth, John E. Mccormack, Nicholas G. Crawford, Michael G. Harvey, Robb T. Brumfield, Travis C. Glenn Oct 2012

Ultraconserved Elements Anchor Thousands Of Genetic Markers Spanning Multiple Evolutionary Timescales, Brant C. Faircloth, John E. Mccormack, Nicholas G. Crawford, Michael G. Harvey, Robb T. Brumfield, Travis C. Glenn

Faculty Publications

Although massively parallel sequencing has facilitated large-scale DNA sequencing, comparisons among distantly related species rely upon small portions of the genome that are easily aligned. Methods are needed to efficiently obtain comparable DNA fragments prior to massively parallel sequencing, particularly for biologists working with non-model organisms. We introduce a new class of molecular marker, anchored by ultraconserved genomic elements (UCEs), that universally enable target enrichment and sequencing of thousands of orthologous loci across species separated by hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Our analyses here focus on use of UCE markers in Amniota because UCEs and phylogenetic relationships are …

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Evaluation Of Corn Hybrids Expressing Cry1f, Cry1a.105, Cry2ab2, Cry34ab1/Cry35ab1, And Cry3bb1 Against Southern United States Insect Pests, M. W. Siebert, S. P. Nolting, W. Hendrix, S. Dhavala, C. Craig, B. R. Leonard, S. D. Stewart, J. All, F. R. Musser, G. D. Buntin, L. Samuel Oct 2012

Evaluation Of Corn Hybrids Expressing Cry1f, Cry1a.105, Cry2ab2, Cry34ab1/Cry35ab1, And Cry3bb1 Against Southern United States Insect Pests, M. W. Siebert, S. P. Nolting, W. Hendrix, S. Dhavala, C. Craig, B. R. Leonard, S. D. Stewart, J. All, F. R. Musser, G. D. Buntin, L. Samuel

Faculty Publications

Studies were conducted across the southern United States to characterize the efficacy of multiple Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) events in a field corn, Zea mays L., hybrid for control of common lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. Cry1F protein in event TC1507 and Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 proteins in event MON 89034 were evaluated against pests infesting corn on above-ground plant tissue including foliage, stalks, and ears. Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 proteins in event DAS-59122-7 and Cry3Bb1 in event MON 88017 were evaluated against the larvae of Mexican corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan and Smith, which occur below-ground. Field corn hybrids containing Cry1F, Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2, …

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Lifetime Of Combustion-Generated Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals On Zn(Ii)O And Other Transition Metal Oxides, Eric Vejerano, Slawo Lomnicki, Barry Dellinger Oct 2012

Lifetime Of Combustion-Generated Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals On Zn(Ii)O And Other Transition Metal Oxides, Eric Vejerano, Slawo Lomnicki, Barry Dellinger

Faculty Publications

Previous studies indicated that Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) are formed in the post-flame, cool zone of combustion. They result from the chemisorption of gas-phase products of incomplete combustion (particularly hydroxyl- and chlorine-substituted aromatics) on Cu(ii)O, Fe(iii) 2O3, and Ni(ii)O domains of particulate matter (fly ash or soot particles). This study reports our detailed laboratory investigation on the lifetime of EPFRs on Zn(ii)O/silica surface. Similarly, as in the case of other transition metals, chemisorption of the adsorbate on the Zn(ii)O surface and subsequent transfer of electron from the adsorbate to the metal forms a surface-bound EPFR and a reduced metal …

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Effect Of Prebiotics On Lactobacillus Acidophilus Growth And Resulting Ph Changes In Skim Milk And A Model Peptone System, D. W. Olson, K. J. Aryana Oct 2012

Effect Of Prebiotics On Lactobacillus Acidophilus Growth And Resulting Ph Changes In Skim Milk And A Model Peptone System, D. W. Olson, K. J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

The effect of Raftiline® GR, Raftiline® HP-Gel, and Raftilose® P95 prebiotics on growth curves of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K and resulting pH changes in skim milk and a model system consisting of 0.1% peptone was investigated. Skim milk (100mL) and 0.1% peptone (100mL) each containing either 1% or 3% Raftiline® GR, Raftiline® HP-Gel, or Raftilose® P95 prebiotics were autoclaved, cooled to 37°C, and inoculated with 0.132mL of L. acidophilus LA-K. Both the growth of L. acidophilus and the changes in pH were followed for 16h at 37°C. The growth was determined by measuring the optical density (turbidity) at 600nm. …

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Distinct Retinohypothalamic Innervation Patterns Predict The Developmental Emergence Of Species-Typical Circadian Phase Preference In Nocturnal Norway Rats And Diurnal Nile Grass Rats, William D. Todd, Andrew J. Gall, Joshua A. Weiner, Mark S. Blumberg Oct 2012

Distinct Retinohypothalamic Innervation Patterns Predict The Developmental Emergence Of Species-Typical Circadian Phase Preference In Nocturnal Norway Rats And Diurnal Nile Grass Rats, William D. Todd, Andrew J. Gall, Joshua A. Weiner, Mark S. Blumberg

Faculty Publications

How does the brain develop differently to support nocturnality in some mammals, but diurnality in others? To answer this question, one might look to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is entrained by light via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). However, because the SCN is more active during the day in all mammals studied thus far, it alone cannot determine circadian phase preference. In adult Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), which are nocturnal, the RHT also projects to the ventral subparaventricular zone (vSPVZ), an adjacent region that expresses an in-phase pattern of SCN-vSPVZ neuronal activity. In contrast, in adult Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis …

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Transient Inhibition Of Cell Proliferation Does Not Compromise Self-Renewal Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Ruoxing Wang, Yan-Lin Guo Oct 2012

Transient Inhibition Of Cell Proliferation Does Not Compromise Self-Renewal Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Ruoxing Wang, Yan-Lin Guo

Faculty Publications

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have unlimited capacity for self-renewal and can differentiate into various cell types when induced. They also have an unusual cell cycle control mechanism driven by constitutively active cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks). In mouse ESCs (mESCs). It is proposed that the rapid cell proliferation could be a necessary part of mechanisms that maintain mESC self-renewal and pluripotency, but this hypothesis is not in line with the finding in human ESCs (hESCs) that the length of the cell cycle is similar to differentiated cells. Therefore, whether rapid cell proliferation is essential for the maintenance of mESC state remains …

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Ecology Of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus And Vibrio Vulnificus In The Coastal And Estuarine Waters Of Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, And Washington (United States), Crystal N. Johnson, John C. Bowers, Kimberly J. Griffitt, Vanessa Molina, Rachel W. Clostio, Shaofeng Pei, Edward Laws, Rohinee N. Paranjpye, Mark S. Strom, Arlene Chen, Nur A. Hasan, Anwar Huq, Nicholas F. Noriea Iii, D. Jay Grimes, Rita R. Colwell Oct 2012

Ecology Of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus And Vibrio Vulnificus In The Coastal And Estuarine Waters Of Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, And Washington (United States), Crystal N. Johnson, John C. Bowers, Kimberly J. Griffitt, Vanessa Molina, Rachel W. Clostio, Shaofeng Pei, Edward Laws, Rohinee N. Paranjpye, Mark S. Strom, Arlene Chen, Nur A. Hasan, Anwar Huq, Nicholas F. Noriea Iii, D. Jay Grimes, Rita R. Colwell

Faculty Publications

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, which are native to estuaries globally, are agents of seafood-borne or wound infections, both potentially fatal. Like all vibrios autochthonous to coastal regions, their abundance varies with changes in environmental parameters. Sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and chlorophyll have been shown to be predictors of zooplankton and thus factors linked to vibrio populations. The contribution of salinity, conductivity, turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon to the incidence and distribution of Vibrio spp. has also been reported. Here, a multicoastal, 21-month study was conducted to determine relationships between environmental parameters and V. parahaemolyticus …

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Applying Crawford's Confrontation Right In A Digital Age, Jeffrey Bellin Oct 2012

Applying Crawford's Confrontation Right In A Digital Age, Jeffrey Bellin

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Oprm1 Gene Variation Influences Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function In Response To A Variety Of Stressors In Rhesus Macaques, Melanie L. Schwandt, Stephen G. Lindell, James Dee Higley, Stephen J. Suomi, Markus Heilig, Christina S. Barr Oct 2012

Oprm1 Gene Variation Influences Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function In Response To A Variety Of Stressors In Rhesus Macaques, Melanie L. Schwandt, Stephen G. Lindell, James Dee Higley, Stephen J. Suomi, Markus Heilig, Christina S. Barr

Faculty Publications

The endogenous opioid system is involved in modulating a number of behavioral and physiological systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In humans, a functional variant in the OPRM1 gene (OPRM1 A118G) is associated with a number of outcomes, including attenuated HPA axis responses to stress. A nonsynonymous variant (OPRM1 C77G) in the rhesus macaque has been shown to have similar effects in vivo to the human variant. The current study investigated whether OPRM1 C77G influences HPA axis response to stress in rhesus macaques. We analyzed plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels measured in response to three different stressors: 1) …

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Confronting Supreme Court Fact Finding, Allison Orr Larsen Oct 2012

Confronting Supreme Court Fact Finding, Allison Orr Larsen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Spherical Lamina Emergent Mechanisms, Samuel E. Wilding, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby Oct 2012

Spherical Lamina Emergent Mechanisms, Samuel E. Wilding, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby

Faculty Publications

Lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) are compliant mechanisms that can be manufactured from planar materials and are capable of motion out of the plane of manufacture. Spherical LEMs combine the unique motion of spherical mechanisms with the compactness and simple topology of LEMs. The fundamentals of spherical LEMs are discussed in this work. It is found that 21 of the 33 possible spherical 4R types can be spherical LEMs. A classification based on these 21 possible types is developed. This classification is used to predict motion capabilities of spherical 6R, and Equintet mechanisms. It is also applied to arrays of spherical …

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Centromere Remodeling In Hoolock Leuconedys (Hylobatidae) By A New Transposable Element Unique To The Gibbons, Lucia Carbone, R. Alan Harris, Alan R. Mootnick, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, David I.K. Martin, Mariano Rocchi, Oronzo Capozzi, Nicoletta Archidiacono, Miriam K. Konkel, Jerilyn A. Walker, Mark A. Batzer, Pieter J. De Jong Sep 2012

Centromere Remodeling In Hoolock Leuconedys (Hylobatidae) By A New Transposable Element Unique To The Gibbons, Lucia Carbone, R. Alan Harris, Alan R. Mootnick, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, David I.K. Martin, Mariano Rocchi, Oronzo Capozzi, Nicoletta Archidiacono, Miriam K. Konkel, Jerilyn A. Walker, Mark A. Batzer, Pieter J. De Jong

Faculty Publications

Gibbons (Hylobatidae) shared a common ancestor with the other hominoids only 15-18 million years ago. Nevertheless, gibbons show very distinctive features that include heavily rearranged chromosomes. Previous observations indicate that this phenomenon may be linked to the attenuated epigenetic repression of transposable elements (TEs) in gibbon species. Here we describe the massive expansion of a repeat in almost all the centromeres of the eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys). We discovered that this repeat is a new composite TE originating from the combination of portions of three other elements (L1ME5, AluSz6, and SVA-A) and thus named it LAVA. We determined that …

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Pyrosequencing-Based Analysis Of The Microbiome Associated With The Horn Fly, Haematobia Irritans, Azhahianambi Palavesam, Felix D. Guerrero, Andrew M. Heekin, Ju Wang, Scot E. Dowd, Yan Sun, Lane D. Foil, Adalberto A. Pérez De León Sep 2012

Pyrosequencing-Based Analysis Of The Microbiome Associated With The Horn Fly, Haematobia Irritans, Azhahianambi Palavesam, Felix D. Guerrero, Andrew M. Heekin, Ju Wang, Scot E. Dowd, Yan Sun, Lane D. Foil, Adalberto A. Pérez De León

Faculty Publications

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans, is one of the most economically important pests of cattle. Insecticides have been a major element of horn fly management programs. Growing concerns with insecticide resistance, insecticide residues on farm products, and non-availability of new generation insecticides, are serious issues for the livestock industry. Alternative horn fly control methods offer the promise to decrease the use of insecticides and reduce the amount of insecticide residues on livestock products and give an impetus to the organic livestock farming segment. The horn fly, an obligatory blood feeder, requires the help of microflora to supply additional nutrients and …

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Creating 3d Web-Based Game Environment Using Bim Models For Virtual On-Site Visiting Of Building Hvac Systems, Zhigang Shen, Landu Jiang, Kevin Grosskopf, Charles Berryman Sep 2012

Creating 3d Web-Based Game Environment Using Bim Models For Virtual On-Site Visiting Of Building Hvac Systems, Zhigang Shen, Landu Jiang, Kevin Grosskopf, Charles Berryman

Faculty Publications

A web-based 3D game project was presented in this paper to demonstrate the process of using building information modeling (BIM) to create an interactive 3D on-line 'Green' training environment. The system architecture, the implementation process and major components of this virtual training environment were discussed. Existing studies on BIM-based collaborations mainly focused on local-file-sharing approach using proprietary applications. Limited research focused on using BIM as an online gaming platform to create a web browser-based interactive 3D virtual environment for collaboration, learning and/or training. The gap was partially caused by the lack of understanding how to implement a BIM-based game in …

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Effects Of Small-Scale Dead Wood Additions On Beetles In Southeastern U.S. Pine Forests, Kier D. Klepzig, Michael L. Ferro, Michael D. Ulyshen, Matthew L. Gimmel, Jolie B. Mahfouz, Allan E. Tiarks, Chris E. Carlton Sep 2012

Effects Of Small-Scale Dead Wood Additions On Beetles In Southeastern U.S. Pine Forests, Kier D. Klepzig, Michael L. Ferro, Michael D. Ulyshen, Matthew L. Gimmel, Jolie B. Mahfouz, Allan E. Tiarks, Chris E. Carlton

Faculty Publications

Pitfall traps were used to sample beetles (Coleoptera) in plots with or without inputs of dead loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood at four locations (Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and Texas) on the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. The plots were established in 1998 and sampling took place in 1998, 1999, and 2002 (only 1998 for North Carolina). Overall, beetles were more species rich, abundant and diverse in dead wood addition plots than in reference plots. While these differences were greatest in 1998 and lessened thereafter, they were not found to be significant in 1998 due largely to …

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Dynamic Change Of Awareness During Meditation Techniques: Neural And Physiological Correlates, David Dillard-Wright Sep 2012

Dynamic Change Of Awareness During Meditation Techniques: Neural And Physiological Correlates, David Dillard-Wright

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity And The Subsequent Response To Chronic Stress Differ Depending Upon Life History Stage, Christine R. Lattin, Carolyn M. Bauer, Robert De Bruijn, L. Michael Romero Sep 2012

Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity And The Subsequent Response To Chronic Stress Differ Depending Upon Life History Stage, Christine R. Lattin, Carolyn M. Bauer, Robert De Bruijn, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is modulated seasonally in many species, and chronic stress can alter HPA functioning. However, it is not known how these two factors interact - are there particular life history stages when animals are more or less vulnerable to chronic stress? We captured wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Massachusetts during six different life history stages: early and late winter, pre-laying, breeding, late breeding, and molt. At each time point, we tested HPA function by measuring baseline and stress-induced corticosterone (CORT), negative feedback in response to an injection of dexamethasone, and maximum adrenal response through an injection …

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Development Of Scn Connectivity And The Circadian Control Of Arousal: A Diminishing Role For Humoral Factors?, Andrew J. Gall, William D. Todd, Mark S. Blumberg Sep 2012

Development Of Scn Connectivity And The Circadian Control Of Arousal: A Diminishing Role For Humoral Factors?, Andrew J. Gall, William D. Todd, Mark S. Blumberg

Faculty Publications

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is part of a wake-promoting circuit comprising the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and locus coeruleus (LC). Although widely considered a "master clock," the SCN of adult rats is also sensitive to feedback regarding an animal's behavioral state. Interestingly, in rats at postnatal day (P)2, repeated arousing stimulation does not increase neural activation in the SCN, despite doing so in the LC and DMH. Here we show that, by P8, the SCN is activated by arousing stimulation and that selective destruction of LC terminals with DSP-4 blocks this activational effect. We next show that bidirectional projections among the …

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Formation And Stabilization Of Combustion-Generated, Environmentally Persistent Radicals On Ni(Ii)O Supported On A Silica Surface, Eric Vejerano, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Barry Dellinger Sep 2012

Formation And Stabilization Of Combustion-Generated, Environmentally Persistent Radicals On Ni(Ii)O Supported On A Silica Surface, Eric Vejerano, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Barry Dellinger

Faculty Publications

Previous studies have indicated environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are formed when hydroxyl- and chlorine-substituted aromatics chemisorbed on Cu(II)O and Fe(III)2O3 surfaces and were stabilized through their interactions with the surface metal cation. The current study reports our laboratory investigation on the formation and stabilization of EPFRs on a Ni(II)O surface. The EPFRs were produced by the chemisorption of adsorbates on the supported metal oxide surface and transfer of an electron from the adsorbate to the metal center, resulting in reduction of the metal cation. Depending on the temperature and the nature of the adsorbate, more than one type of …

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Correlated Evolution Of Beak Morphology And Song In The Neotropical Woodcreeper Radiation, Elizabeth Perrault Derryberry, Nathalie Seddon, Santiago Claramunt, Joseph Andrew Tobias, Adam Baker, Alexandre Aleixo, Robb Thomas Brumfield Sep 2012

Correlated Evolution Of Beak Morphology And Song In The Neotropical Woodcreeper Radiation, Elizabeth Perrault Derryberry, Nathalie Seddon, Santiago Claramunt, Joseph Andrew Tobias, Adam Baker, Alexandre Aleixo, Robb Thomas Brumfield

Faculty Publications

Mating signals may diversify as a byproduct of morphological adaptation to different foraging niches, potentially driving speciation. Although many studies have focused on the direct influence of ecological and sexual selection on signal divergence, the role of indirect mechanisms remains poorly understood. Using phenotypic and molecular datasets, we explored the interplay between morphological and vocal evolution in an avian radiation characterized by dramatic beak variation, the Neotropical woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae). We found evidence of a trade-off between the rate of repetition of song syllables and frequency bandwidth: slow paced songs had either narrow or wide frequency bandwidths, and bandwidth decreased as …

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Adipogenesis, Kelesha Sarjeant, Jacqueline M. Stephens Sep 2012

Adipogenesis, Kelesha Sarjeant, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Adipose tissue is an important site for lipid storage, energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved in adipose tissue development and function, which can be regulated by the endocrine actions of various peptide and steroid hormones. Recent studies have revealed that white and brown adipocytes can be derived from distinct precursor cells. This review will focus on transcriptional control of adipogenesis and its regulation by several endocrine hormones. The general functions and cellular origins of adipose tissue and how the modulation of adipocyte development pertains to metabolic disease states will also be considered. …

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A Conserved Two-Component Regulatory System, Pids/Pidr, Globally Regulates Pigmentation And Virulence-Related Phenotypes Of Burkholderia Glumae, Hari Sharan Karki, Inderjit Kaur Barphagha, Jong Hyun Ham Sep 2012

A Conserved Two-Component Regulatory System, Pids/Pidr, Globally Regulates Pigmentation And Virulence-Related Phenotypes Of Burkholderia Glumae, Hari Sharan Karki, Inderjit Kaur Barphagha, Jong Hyun Ham

Faculty Publications

Burkholderia glumae is a rice pathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial panicle blight. Some strains of this pathogen produce dark brown pigments when grown on casamino-acid peptone glucose (CPG) agar medium. A pigment-positive and highly virulent strain of B.glumae, 411gr-6, was randomly mutagenized with mini-Tn5gus, and the resulting mini-Tn5gus derivatives showing altered pigmentation phenotypes were screened on CPG agar plates to identify the genetic elements governing the pigmentation of B.glumae. In this study, a novel two-component regulatory system (TCRS) composed of the PidS sensor histidine kinase and the PidR response regulator was identified as an essential regulatory factor for pigmentation. Notably, …

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