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Physiological Arousal In Autism And Fragile X Syndrome: Group Comparisons And Links With Pragmatic Language, Jessica Klusek, G E. Martin, M Losh Nov 2013

Physiological Arousal In Autism And Fragile X Syndrome: Group Comparisons And Links With Pragmatic Language, Jessica Klusek, G E. Martin, M Losh

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused By Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution, Paul Thevenot, Jordy Saravia, Joseph Giaimo, Kyle I. Happel, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier Nov 2013

Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused By Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution, Paul Thevenot, Jordy Saravia, Joseph Giaimo, Kyle I. Happel, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic alcohol consumption causes persistent oxidative stress in the lung, leading to impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) function and impaired immune responses. AMs play a critical role in protecting the lung from particulate matter (PM) inhalation by removing particulates from the airway and secreting factors which mediate airway repair. We hypothesized AM dysfunction caused by chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of injury caused by PM inhalation. Methods: Age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either alcohol or an isocaloric substitution (control diet) for 8 weeks. Mice from both diet groups were exposed to combustion-derived …

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Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson Nov 2013

Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson

Faculty Publications

Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 × 10 -8 for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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High Fat Diet Partially Attenuates Fermentation Responses In Rats Fed Resistant Starch From High-Amylose Maize, Jason A. Charrier, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Felicia Goldsmith, M'Famara Goita, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Ian L. Brown, Christine Pelkman, June Zhou, John Finley, Holiday A. Durham, Michael J. Keenan Nov 2013

High Fat Diet Partially Attenuates Fermentation Responses In Rats Fed Resistant Starch From High-Amylose Maize, Jason A. Charrier, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Felicia Goldsmith, M'Famara Goita, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Ian L. Brown, Christine Pelkman, June Zhou, John Finley, Holiday A. Durham, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Objective The effects of type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) in rodents fed with low-fat diets were demonstrated in previous studies. Fish oil is also reported to reduce body fat. In the current study, the effects of high fat and fish oil on HAM-RS2 feeding in rats were investigated. Design and Methods Rats were fed 0 or 27% (weight) HAM-RS2 with low (15% energy) or high fat (42% energy) diets that included 0 or 10% (energy) tuna oil to test the effect of HAM-RS2 in diet-induced obesity and effects of tuna oil. Data were analyzed as 2 × …

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Dietary Resistant Starch Improves Selected Brain And Behavioral Functions In Adult And Aged Rodents, June Zhou, Michael J. Keenan, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Paul J. Pistell, Donald K. Ingram, Bing Li, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Hanjie Zhang, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Richard T. Tulley, Marc R. Blackman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Roy J. Martin Nov 2013

Dietary Resistant Starch Improves Selected Brain And Behavioral Functions In Adult And Aged Rodents, June Zhou, Michael J. Keenan, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Paul J. Pistell, Donald K. Ingram, Bing Li, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Hanjie Zhang, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Richard T. Tulley, Marc R. Blackman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Roy J. Martin

Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fiber that exerts multiple beneficial effects. The current study explored the effects of dietary RS on selected brain and behavioral functions in adult and aged rodents. Because glucokinase (GK) expression in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and area postrema of the brainstem is important for brain glucose sensing, GK mRNA was measured by brain nuclei microdissection and PCR. Adult RS-fed rats had a higher GK mRNA than controls in both brain nuclei, an indicator of improved brain glucose sensing. Next, we tested whether dietary RS improve selected behaviors in aged mice. RS-fed aged mice exhibited (i) …

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Legal Substitution And Experiential Transformation In The Typology Of Leviticus, Part 1, Roy E. Gane Nov 2013

Legal Substitution And Experiential Transformation In The Typology Of Leviticus, Part 1, Roy E. Gane

Faculty Publications

Some Christians emphasize the idea that Christ’s sacrifice accomplished a legal substitution, but they largely overlook the effect of experiential transformation. Others do the opposite, emphasizing a change of experience resulting from Christ’s sacrifice, but downplaying the concept that Christ served as our Substitute. The present research demonstrates that in the typology of the book of Leviticus, which serves as a background to the explanation of Christ’s sacrifice in the book of Hebrews, both legal substitution and experiential transformation are clearly present and fully necessary. In part 1 of this two-part article, we will examine the evidence for legal substitution …

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Single Dose Of Glycoprotein K (Gk)-Deleted Hsv-1 Live-Attenuated Virus Protects Mice Against Lethal Vaginal Challenge With Hsv-1 And Hsv-2 And Induces Lasting T Cell Memory Immune Responses, Arun V. Iyer, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jason D. Walker, Brent Stanfield, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Oct 2013

Single Dose Of Glycoprotein K (Gk)-Deleted Hsv-1 Live-Attenuated Virus Protects Mice Against Lethal Vaginal Challenge With Hsv-1 And Hsv-2 And Induces Lasting T Cell Memory Immune Responses, Arun V. Iyer, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jason D. Walker, Brent Stanfield, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

Background: Herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1) and HSV-2 are important human pathogens that cause significant ocular and urogenital complications, respectively. We have previously shown that HSV-1 virions lacking glycoprotein K (gK) are unable to enter into neurons via synaptic axonal membranes and be transported in either retrograde or anterograde manner. Here, we tested the ability of HSV-1 (F) gK-null to protect against lethal challenge with either highly virulent ocular HSV-1 (McKrae strain), or genital HSV-2 (G strain). The gK-null virus vaccine efficiently protected mice against lethal vaginal infection with either HSV-1(McKrae) or HSV-2 (G). Results: Female mice were immunized via a …

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Streptomyces Coelicolor Encodes A Urate-Responsive Transcriptional Regulator With Homology To Pecs From Plant Pathogens, Hao Huang, Brian J. Mackel, Anne Grove Oct 2013

Streptomyces Coelicolor Encodes A Urate-Responsive Transcriptional Regulator With Homology To Pecs From Plant Pathogens, Hao Huang, Brian J. Mackel, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

Many transcriptional regulators control gene activity by responding to specific ligands. Members of the multiple-antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcriptional regulators feature prominently in this regard, and they frequently function as repressors in the absence of their cognate ligands. Plant pathogens such as Dickeya dadantii encode a MarR homolog named PecS that controls expression of a gene encoding the efflux pump PecM in addition to other virulence genes. We report here that the soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor also encodes a PecS homolog (SCO2647) that regulates a pecM gene (SCO2646). S. coelicolor PecS, which exists as a homodimer, binds the …

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Antiviral Rna Silencing Initiated In The Absence Of Rde-4, A Double-Stranded Rna Binding Protein, In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Jeffrey Wang, Rui Lu Oct 2013

Antiviral Rna Silencing Initiated In The Absence Of Rde-4, A Double-Stranded Rna Binding Protein, In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Jeffrey Wang, Rui Lu

Faculty Publications

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processed from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of virus origins mediate potent antiviral defense through a process referred to as RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing in diverse organisms. In the simple invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans, the RNAi process is initiated by a single Dicer, which partners with the dsRNA binding protein RDE-4 to process dsRNA into viral siRNAs (viRNAs). Notably, in C. elegans this RNA-directed viral immunity (RDVI) also requires a number of worm-specific genes for its full antiviral potential. One such gene is rsd-2 (RNAi spreading defective 2), which was implicated in RDVI in our previous studies. …

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Conformational Response To Solvent Interaction And Temperature Of A Protein (Histone H3.1) By A Multi-Grained Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, Barry L. Farmer Oct 2013

Conformational Response To Solvent Interaction And Temperature Of A Protein (Histone H3.1) By A Multi-Grained Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, Barry L. Farmer

Faculty Publications

Interaction with the solvent plays a critical role in modulating the structure and dynamics of a protein. Because of the heterogeneity of the interaction strength, it is difficult to identify multi-scale structural response. Using a coarse-grained Monte Carlo approach, we study the structure and dynamics of a protein (H3.1) in effective solvent media. The structural response is examined as a function of the solvent-residue interaction strength (based on hydropathy index) in a range of temperatures (spanning low to high) involving a knowledge-based (Miyazawa-Jernigan(MJ)) residue-residue interaction. The protein relaxes rapidly from an initial random configuration into a quasi-static structure at low …

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Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis Via Histone Deacetylase 5, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Junfang Liang, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Min Du Oct 2013

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis Via Histone Deacetylase 5, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Junfang Liang, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Min Du

Faculty Publications

There is a global epidemic of obesity, and obesity is known to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and impairs myogenesis. Myogenin mediates the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes, a critical step in myogenesis. We observed that inhibition of AMPK1 downregulates myogenin expression and myogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We postulated that AMPK regulates myogenin expression through phosphorlytion of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). In C2C12 cells, HDAC5 knockdown increased while HDAC5 stablization by MC1568 reduced myogenin expression. Consistently, using luciferase assay, we observed that myogenin promoter activity was negatively regulated by HDAC5. Using RNA interference and primary myoblasts …

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Zebrafish Cytosolic Carboxypeptidases 1 And 5 Are Essential For Embryonic Development, Peter J. Lyons, Matthew R. Sapio, Lloyd D. Fricker Oct 2013

Zebrafish Cytosolic Carboxypeptidases 1 And 5 Are Essential For Embryonic Development, Peter J. Lyons, Matthew R. Sapio, Lloyd D. Fricker

Faculty Publications

The cytosolic carboxypeptidases (CCPs) are a subfamily of metalloenzymes within the larger M14 family of carboxypeptidases that have been implicated in the post-translational modification of tubulin. It has been suggested that at least four of the six mammalian CCPs function as tubulin deglutamylases. However, it is not yet clear whether these enzymes play redundant or unique roles within the cell. To address this question, genes encoding CCPs were identified in the zebrafish genome. Analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that CCP1, CCP2, CCP5, and CCP6 mRNAs were detectable between 2 h and 8 days postfertilization with highest levels 5–8 …

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Day-Night Differences In Neural Activation In Histaminergic And Serotonergic Areas With Putative Projections To The Cerebrospinal Fluid In A Diurnal Brain, Alexandra Castillo-Ruiz, Andrew J. Gall, Laura Smale, Antonio A. Nunez Oct 2013

Day-Night Differences In Neural Activation In Histaminergic And Serotonergic Areas With Putative Projections To The Cerebrospinal Fluid In A Diurnal Brain, Alexandra Castillo-Ruiz, Andrew J. Gall, Laura Smale, Antonio A. Nunez

Faculty Publications

In nocturnal rodents, brain areas that promote wakefulness have a circadian pattern of neural activation that mirrors the sleep/wake cycle, with more neural activation during the active phase than during the rest phase. To investigate whether differences in temporal patterns of neural activity in wake-promoting regions contribute to differences in daily patterns of wakefulness between nocturnal and diurnal species, we assessed Fos expression patterns in the tuberomammillary (TMM), supramammillary (SUM), and raphe nuclei of male grass rats maintained in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle. Day-night profiles of Fos expression were observed in the ventral and dorsal TMM, in the SUM, …

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The Effects Of Hematopoietic Growth Factors On Neurite Outgrowth, Ye Su, Lili Cui, Chunshu Piao, Bin Li, Li Ru Zhao Oct 2013

The Effects Of Hematopoietic Growth Factors On Neurite Outgrowth, Ye Su, Lili Cui, Chunshu Piao, Bin Li, Li Ru Zhao

Faculty Publications

Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are initially discovered as the essential hematopoietic growth factors regulating bone marrow stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and SCF in combination with G-CSF (SCF+G-CSF) has synergistic effects on bone marrow stem cell mobilization. In this study we have determined the effect of SCF and G-CSF on neurite outgrowth in rat cortical neurons. Using molecular and cellular biology and live cell imaging approaches, we have revealed that receptors for SCF and G-CSF are expressed on the growth core of cortical neurons, and that SCF+G-CSF synergistically enhances neurite extension through PI3K/AKT and NFκB …

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A Source Of Terrestrial Organic Carbon To Investigate The Browning Of Aquatic Ecosystems, Jay T. Lennon, Stephen K. Hamilton, Mario E. Muscarella, A. Stuart Grandy, Kyle Wickings, Stuart E. Jones Oct 2013

A Source Of Terrestrial Organic Carbon To Investigate The Browning Of Aquatic Ecosystems, Jay T. Lennon, Stephen K. Hamilton, Mario E. Muscarella, A. Stuart Grandy, Kyle Wickings, Stuart E. Jones

Faculty Publications

There is growing evidence that terrestrial ecosystems are exporting more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to aquatic ecosystems than they did just a few decades ago. This “browning” phenomenon will alter the chemistry, physics, and biology of inland water bodies in complex and difficult-to-predict ways. Experiments provide an opportunity to elucidate how browning will affect the stability and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. However, it is challenging to obtain sources of DOC that can be used for manipulations at ecologically relevant scales. In this study, we evaluated a commercially available source of humic substances (“Super Hume”) as an analog for natural sources …

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Connecting Numbers To Discrete Quantification: A Step In The Child’S Construction Of Integer Concepts, Emily Slusser, A. Ditta, B. Sarnecka Oct 2013

Connecting Numbers To Discrete Quantification: A Step In The Child’S Construction Of Integer Concepts, Emily Slusser, A. Ditta, B. Sarnecka

Faculty Publications

The present study asks when young children understand that number words quantify over sets of discrete individuals. For this study, 2- to 4-year-old children were asked to extend the number word five or six either to a cup containing discrete objects (e.g., blocks) or to a cup containing a continuous substance (e.g., water). In Experiment 1, only children who knew the exact meanings of the words one, two and three extended higher number words (five or six) to sets of discrete objects. In Experiment 2, children who only knew the exact meaning of one extended higher number words to discrete …

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Constitutional Conundrums In Arbitration: Book Review Of Arbitration And The Constitution, S. I. Strong Oct 2013

Constitutional Conundrums In Arbitration: Book Review Of Arbitration And The Constitution, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

The combination of arbitration and constitutional law is the topic of Professor Peter Rutledge's new book, and the focus of this review essay, which will consider, among other things, whether these two subjects are compatible.

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Chemical Attraction Of Dermacentor Variabilis Ticks Parasitic To Peromyscus Leucopus Based On Host Body Mass And Sex, Tad Dallas, Stephanie Foré Oct 2013

Chemical Attraction Of Dermacentor Variabilis Ticks Parasitic To Peromyscus Leucopus Based On Host Body Mass And Sex, Tad Dallas, Stephanie Foré

Faculty Publications

Macroparasites are commonly aggregated on a small subset of a host population. Previous explanations for this aggregation relate to differences in immunocompetence or the degree to which hosts encounter parasites. We propose active tick host choice through chemical attraction as a potential mechanism leading to aggregated tick burdens. We test this hypothesis using a Y-maze olfactometer, comparing chemical attraction responses of larval and nymphal Dermacentor variabilis ticks parasitic to the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, as a function of host sex and host body mass. We hypothesized that larger hosts and male hosts would be most attractive to searching ticks, as …

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Social Descent With Territory Loss Causes Rapid Behavioral, Endocrine And Transcriptional Changes In The Brain, Karen P. Maruska, Lisa Becker, Anoop Neboori, Russell D. Fernald Oct 2013

Social Descent With Territory Loss Causes Rapid Behavioral, Endocrine And Transcriptional Changes In The Brain, Karen P. Maruska, Lisa Becker, Anoop Neboori, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

In social species that form hierarchies where only dominant males reproduce, lower-ranking individuals may challenge higherranking ones, often resulting in changes in relative social status. How does a losing animal respond to loss of status? Here, using the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, we manipulated the social environment, causing males to descend in rank, and then examined changes in behavior, circulating steroids and immediate early gene (IEG) expression (cfos, egr-1) in micro-dissected brain regions as a proxy for neuronal activation. In particular, we examined changes in the conserved 'social behavior network' (SBN), a collection of brain nuclei known to regulate …

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Silencing Histone Deacetylase-Specific Isoforms Enhances Expression Of Pluripotency Genes In Bovine Fibroblasts, Jaroslaw Staszkiewicz, Rachel A. Power, Lettie L. Harkins, Christian W. Barnes, Karen L. Strickler, Jong S. Rim, Kenneth R. Bondioli, Kenneth J. Eilersten Oct 2013

Silencing Histone Deacetylase-Specific Isoforms Enhances Expression Of Pluripotency Genes In Bovine Fibroblasts, Jaroslaw Staszkiewicz, Rachel A. Power, Lettie L. Harkins, Christian W. Barnes, Karen L. Strickler, Jong S. Rim, Kenneth R. Bondioli, Kenneth J. Eilersten

Faculty Publications

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze deacetylation of histones that results in altered transcriptional activity. Inhibitors of HDACs have been shown to induce transcriptional changes that contribute positively to reprogramming somatic cells either by nuclear transfer or inducing a pluripotent state. However, the exact molecular mechanisms whereby HDAC inhibitors function and the specificity of the HDAC isoforms in cell reprogramming are not yet fully understood. Herein, we report the ability of individual isoform-specific HDACs to modulate endogenous expression of pluripotency-associated genes in bovine somatic cells. This in vitro study showed that a transient selective depletion of HDACs resulted in elevated mRNA levels …

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George Orwell’S Classic Essay On Writing: The Best Style “Handbook” For Lawyers And Judges (Part I), Douglas E. Abrams Oct 2013

George Orwell’S Classic Essay On Writing: The Best Style “Handbook” For Lawyers And Judges (Part I), Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Triacylglycerol Mobilization Is Suppressed By Brefeldin A In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Naohiro Kato, Trung Dong, Michael Bailey, Tony Lum, Drury Ingram Oct 2013

Triacylglycerol Mobilization Is Suppressed By Brefeldin A In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Naohiro Kato, Trung Dong, Michael Bailey, Tony Lum, Drury Ingram

Faculty Publications

Brefeldin A suppresses vesicle trafficking by inhibiting exchange of GDP for GTP in ADP-ribosylation factor. We report that brefeldin A suppresses mobilization of triacylglycerols in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism of green microalgae. Analyses revealed that brefeldin A causes Chlamydomonas to form lipid droplets in which triacylglycerols accumulate in a dose-dependent manner. Pulse labeling experiment using fluorescent fatty acids suggested that brefeldin A inhibits the cells from degrading fatty acids. The experiment also revealed that the cells transiently form novel compartments that accumulate exogenously added fatty acids in the cytoplasm, designated fatty acid-induced microbodies (FAIMs). Brefeldin A up-regulates the formation …

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Homologous Rig-I-Like Helicase Proteins Direct Rnaimediated Antièiral Immunity In C. Elegans By Distinct Mechanisms, Xunyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Jeffrey Wang, Shou Wei Ding, Rui Lu Oct 2013

Homologous Rig-I-Like Helicase Proteins Direct Rnaimediated Antièiral Immunity In C. Elegans By Distinct Mechanisms, Xunyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Jeffrey Wang, Shou Wei Ding, Rui Lu

Faculty Publications

RNAi-mediated antièiral immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans requires Dicer-related helicase 1 (DRH-1), which encodes the helicase and C-terminal domains homologous to the mammalian retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicase (RLH) family of cytosolic immune receptors. Here we show that the antièiral function of DRH-1 requires the RIG-I homologous domains as well as its wormspecific N-terminal domain. We also demonstrate that the helicase and C-terminal domains encoded by either worm DRH-2 or human RIG-I can functionally replace the corresponding domains of DRH-1 to mediate antièiral RNAi in C. elegans. Notably, substitutions in a three-residue motif of the C-terminal regulatory domain of …

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Shirking, Opportunism, Self-Delusion And More: The Agency Problem Today, Jayne W. Barnard Oct 2013

Shirking, Opportunism, Self-Delusion And More: The Agency Problem Today, Jayne W. Barnard

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Lot Smith Cavalry Company: Utah Goes To War, Joseph R. Stuart, Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D. Oct 2013

The Lot Smith Cavalry Company: Utah Goes To War, Joseph R. Stuart, Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

In this chapter from "Civil War Saints" (2012, published by the Brigham Young University Religious Studies Center and the Deseret Book Company), Joseph R. Stuart and Kenneth L. Alford take a close look at the cavalry unit that was called to military service on April 28, 1862, at President Lincoln’s request. Their ninety-day period of service was the only unit-level active duty military contribution Utah Territory made during the Civil War. An earlier version of this paper, written by a student for the Library Research Grant Program, can be found here.

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Tnf-Alpha Neutralizing Antibody Blocks Thermal Sensitivity Induced By Compound 48/80-Provoked Mast Cell Degranulation, Devavani Chatterjea, Luisa Paredes, Tijana Martinov, Evelyn Balsells, Juliann Allen, Akilah Sykes, Alyssa Ashbaugh Sep 2013

Tnf-Alpha Neutralizing Antibody Blocks Thermal Sensitivity Induced By Compound 48/80-Provoked Mast Cell Degranulation, Devavani Chatterjea, Luisa Paredes, Tijana Martinov, Evelyn Balsells, Juliann Allen, Akilah Sykes, Alyssa Ashbaugh

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:
Neuro-inflammatory circuits in the tissue regulate the complex pathophysiology of pain. Protective nociceptive pain serves as an early warning system against noxious environmental stimuli. Tissue-resident mast cells orchestrate the increased thermal sensitivity following injection of basic secretagogue compound 48/80 in the hind paw tissues of ND4 mice. Here we investigated the effects of pre-treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody on compound 48/80-provoked thermal hyperalgesia.

METHODS:
We treated ND4 Swiss male mice with intravenous anti-TNF-α antibody or vehicle 30 minutes prior to bilateral, intra-plantar compound 48/80 administration and measured changes in the timing of hind paw withdrawal observed subsequent to mice …

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The Size Of A Melanin-Based Plumage Ornament Correlates With Glucocorticoid Receptor Concentrations In The Skin Of That Ornament, Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero Sep 2013

The Size Of A Melanin-Based Plumage Ornament Correlates With Glucocorticoid Receptor Concentrations In The Skin Of That Ornament, Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

© 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Glucocorticoid hormones such as corticosterone (CORT) play crucial roles in many physiological processes. CORT's actions are primarily mediated via binding to two receptors (glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs)) in different target tissues. CORT receptors can be independently regulated from circulating hormone titres, from tissue to tissue and even within different regions of the same tissue type. Increasing evidence has shown relationships between circulating CORT and melaninbased pigmentation in skin and feathers, yet to our knowledge, there have been no studies of CORT receptors in the skin …

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A New Hero Emerges: Another Exceptional Mammalian Spine And Its Potential Adaptive Significance, William T. Stanley, Lynn W. Robbins, Jean M. Malekani, Sylvestre Gambalemoke Mbalitini, Dudu Akaibe Migurimu, Jean Claude Mukinzi, Jan Hulselmans, Vanya Prévot, Erik Verheyen, Rainer Hutterer, Jeffrey B. Doty, Benjamin P. Monroe, Yoshinori J. Nakazawa, Zachary Braden, Darin Carroll, Julian C.Kerbis Peterhans, John M. Bates, Jacob A. Esselstyn Sep 2013

A New Hero Emerges: Another Exceptional Mammalian Spine And Its Potential Adaptive Significance, William T. Stanley, Lynn W. Robbins, Jean M. Malekani, Sylvestre Gambalemoke Mbalitini, Dudu Akaibe Migurimu, Jean Claude Mukinzi, Jan Hulselmans, Vanya Prévot, Erik Verheyen, Rainer Hutterer, Jeffrey B. Doty, Benjamin P. Monroe, Yoshinori J. Nakazawa, Zachary Braden, Darin Carroll, Julian C.Kerbis Peterhans, John M. Bates, Jacob A. Esselstyn

Faculty Publications

The hero shrew's (Scutisorex somereni) massive interlocking lumbar vertebrae represent the most extreme modification of the vertebral column known in mammals. No intermediate form of this remarkable morphology is known, nor is there any convincing theory to explain its functional significance. We document a new species in the heretofore monotypic genus Scutisorex; the new species possesses cranial and vertebral features representing intermediate character states between S. somereni and other shrews. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences support a sister relationship between the new species and S. somereni. While the function of the unusual spine in Scutisorex is unknown, it gives these …

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Parental Height And Child Growth From Birth To 2 Years In The Who Multicentre Growth Reference Study, Cutberto Garza, Elaine Borghi, Adelheid W. Onyango, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Sep 2013

Parental Height And Child Growth From Birth To 2 Years In The Who Multicentre Growth Reference Study, Cutberto Garza, Elaine Borghi, Adelheid W. Onyango, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

inear growth from birth to 2 years of children enrolled in the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study was similar despite substantial parental height differences among the six study sites. Within-site variability in child length attributable to parental height was estimated by repeated measures analysis of variance using generalized linear models. This approach was also used to examine relationships among selected traits (e.g. breastfeeding duration and child morbidity) and linear growth between 6 and 24 months of age. Differences in intergenerational adult heights were evaluated within sites by comparing mid-parental heights (average of the mother's and father's heights) to …

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Ascaroside Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans Is Highly Dependent On Chemical Structure, Kyle A. Hollister, Elizabeth S. Conner, Xinxing Zhang, Mark Spell, Gary M. Bernard, Pratik Patel, Ana Carolina G.V. De Carvalho, Rebecca A. Butcher, Justin R. Ragains Sep 2013

Ascaroside Activity In Caenorhabditis Elegans Is Highly Dependent On Chemical Structure, Kyle A. Hollister, Elizabeth S. Conner, Xinxing Zhang, Mark Spell, Gary M. Bernard, Pratik Patel, Ana Carolina G.V. De Carvalho, Rebecca A. Butcher, Justin R. Ragains

Faculty Publications

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans secretes ascarosides, structurally diverse derivatives of the 3,6-dideoxysugar ascarylose, and uses them in chemical communication. At high population densities, specific ascarosides, which are together known as the dauer pheromone, trigger entry into the stress-resistant dauer larval stage. In order to study the structure-activity relationships for the ascarosides, we synthesized a panel of ascarosides and tested them for dauer-inducing activity. This panel includes a number of natural ascarosides that were detected in crude pheromone extract, but as yet have no assigned function, as well as many unnatural ascaroside derivatives. Most of these ascarosides, some of which have …

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