Digital Commons Network^™

Depth Perception, Christopher Sirola

Faculty Publications

In most disciplines, finding the distance from one object to the next is, at least in theory, a simple operation. Not so in astronomy. While the size of Earth itself was determined with a fair degree of accuracy in ancient times, the scale of the solar system wasn’t fully understood until just a few centuries ago, and the distances to even the closest of stars wasn’t reliably determined until Friedrich Bessel measured the distance to 61 Cygni in 1838.

Search Strategy Development In A Flipped Library Classroom: A Student-Focused Assessment, Michael C. Goates, Gregory M. Nelson, Megan Frost

Faculty Publications

Librarians at Brigham Young University compared search statement development between traditional lecture and flipped instruction sessions. Students in lecture sessions scored significantly higher on developing search statements than those in flipped sessions. However, student evaluations show a strong preference for pedagogies that incorporate elements from both lecture and flipped methodologies. Reasons for lower flipped-session scores may include a lack of student accountability, strong preference for a live demonstration, and disconnections between online tutorial content and in-class collaborative activities. Librarians using a flipped classroom should consider ways to help students make meaningful connections between online tutorials and in-class activities.

Falling In Love All Over Again: Rediscovering The Gift Of The Sabbath In A Busy World, Gerald A. Klingbeil

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Data-Driven Identification Of Potential Zika Virus Vectors, Michelle V. Evans, Tad A. Dallas, Barbara A. Han, Courtney C. Murdock, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© Evans et al. Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including …

Hyperarousal And Beyond: New Insights To The Pathophysiology Of Insomnia Disorder Through Functional Neuroimaging Studies, Daniel Kay, Daniel J. Buysse

Faculty Publications

Neuroimaging studies have produced seemingly contradictory findings in regards to the pathophysiology of insomnia. Although most study results are interpreted from the perspective of a “hyperarousal” model, the aggregate findings from neuroimaging studies suggest a more complex model is needed. We provide a review of the major findings from neuroimaging studies, then discuss them in relation to a heuristic model of sleep-wake states that involves three major factors: wake drive, sleep drive, and level of conscious awareness. We propose that insomnia involves dysregulation in these factors, resulting in subtle dysregulation of sleep-wake states throughout the 24 h light/dark cycle.

Inhibition Of Cdk8 Mediator Kinase Suppresses Estrogen Dependent Transcription And The Growth Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Martina S. Mcdermott, Alexander A. Chumanevich, Chang-Uk Lim, Jiaxin Liang, Mengqian Chen, Serena Altilia, David Oliver, James M. Rae, Michael Shtutman, Hippokratis Kiaris, Balázs Győrffy, Igor Roninson, Eugenia Broude

Faculty Publications

Hormone therapy targeting estrogen receptor (ER) is the principal treatment for ER-positive breast cancers. However, many cancers develop resistance to hormone therapy while retaining ER expression. Identifying new druggable mediators of ER function can help to increase the efficacy of ER-targeting drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a Mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator with oncogenic activities. Expression of CDK8, its paralog CDK19 and their binding partner Cyclin C are negative prognostic markers in breast cancer. Meta-analysis of transcriptome databases revealed an inverse correlation between CDK8 and ERα expression, suggesting that CDK8 could be functionally associated with ER. We have found that …

Aquaculture Genomics, Genetics And Breeding In The United States: Current Status, Challenges, And Priorities For Future Research, Hisham Abdelrahman, Mohamed Elhady, Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Standish Allen, Rafet Al-Tobasei, Lisui Bao, Ben Beck, Harvey Blackburn, Brian Bosworth, John Buchanan, Jesse Chappell, William Daniels, Sheng Dong, Rex Dunham, Evan Durland, Ahmed Elaswad, Marta Gomez-Chiarri, Kamal Gosh, Ximing Guo, Perry Hackett, Terry Hanson, Dennis Hedgecock, Tiffany Howard, Leigh Holland, Molly Jackson, Yulin Jin, Karim Kahlil, Thomas Kocher, Tim Leeds, Ning Li, Lauren Lindsey, Shikai Liu, Zhanjiang Liu

Faculty Publications

Advancing the production efficiency and profitability of aquaculture is dependent upon the ability to utilize a diverse array of genetic resources. The ultimate goals of aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding research are to enhance aquaculture production efficiency, sustainability, product quality, and profitability in support of the commercial sector and for the benefit of consumers. In order to achieve these goals, it is important to understand the genomic structure and organization of aquaculture species, and their genomic and phenomic variations, as well as the genetic basis of traits and their interrelationships. In addition, it is also important to understand the mechanisms …

Localization Of Glutamatergic, Gabaergic, And Cholinergic Neurons In The Brain Of The African Cichlid Fish, Astatotilapia Burtoni, Karen P. Maruska, Julie M. Butler, Karen E. Field, Danielle T. Porter

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Neural communication depends on release and reception of different neurotransmitters within complex circuits that ultimately mediate basic biological functions. We mapped the distribution of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons in the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni using in situ hybridization to label vesicular glutamate transporters (vglut1, vglut2.1, vglut3), glutamate decarboxylases (gad1, gad2), and choline acetyltransferase (chat). Cells expressing the glutamatergic markers vgluts 1–3 show primarily nonoverlapping distribution patterns, with the most widespread expression observed for vglut2.1, and more restricted expression of vglut1 and vglut3. vglut1 is prominent in granular layers of the …

The Secondary Resistome Of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Bimal Jana, Amy K. Cain, William T. Doerrler, Christine J. Boinett, Maria C. Fookes, Julian Parkhill, Luca Guardabassi

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Author(s). Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe lung and bloodstream infections that are difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance. We hypothesized that antimicrobial resistance can be reversed by targeting chromosomal non-essential genes that are not responsible for acquired resistance but essential for resistant bacteria under therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials. Conditional essentiality of individual genes to antimicrobial resistance was evaluated in an epidemic multidrug-resistant clone of K. pneumoniae (ST258). We constructed a high-density transposon mutant library of >430,000 unique Tn5 insertions and measured mutant depletion upon exposure to three clinically relevant antimicrobials (colistin, imipenem or ciprofloxacin) by Transposon Directed …

Repeated Hapten Exposure Induces Persistent Tactile Sensitivity In Mice Modeling Localized Provoked Vulvodynia, Tijana Martinov, Jasmine Landry, Hanna Mengistu, Jyothi Dhanwada, Charles J. Benck, Jacyln Kline, Beebie Boo, Linnea Swanson, Elena Tonc, Randy Daughters, Brian T. Fife, Devavani Chatterjea

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:
Vulvodynia is a remarkably prevalent chronic pain condition of unknown etiology. Epidemiologic studies associate the risk of vulvodynia with a history of atopic disease. We used an established model of hapten-driven contact hypersensitivity to investigate the underlying mechanisms of allergy-provoked prolonged sensitivity to pressure.

METHODS:
We sensitized female ND4 Swiss mice to the hapten oxazolone on their flanks, and subsequently challenged them four days later with oxazolone or vehicle for ten consecutive days on the labia. We evaluated labiar sensitivity to touch, local mast cell accumulation, and hyperinnervation after ten challenges.

RESULTS:
Oxazolone-challenged mice developed significant tactile sensitivity that …

Bottom Redox Model (Brom V.1.1): A Coupled Benthic-Pelagic Model For Simulation Of Water And Sediment Biogeochemistry, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Elizaveta A. Protsenko, Jorn Bruggeman, Philip Wallhead, Svetlana V. Pakhomova, Shamil Kh Yakubov, Richard G.J. Bellerby, Raoul Marie Couture

Faculty Publications

© Author(s) 2017. Interactions between seawater and benthic systems play an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Benthic fluxes of some chemical elements (e.g., C, N, P, O, Si, Fe, Mn, S) alter the redox state and marine carbonate system (i.e., pH and carbonate saturation state), which in turn modulate the functioning of benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The redox state of the near-bottom layer in many regions can change with time, responding to the supply of organic matter, physical regime, and coastal discharge. We developed a model (BROM) to represent key biogeochemical processes in the water and sediments and to …

Predictability Of Helminth Parasite Host Range Using Information On Geography, Host Traits And Parasite Community Structure, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© Cambridge University Press 2016. Host-parasite associations are complex interactions dependent on aspects of hosts (e.g. traits, phylogeny or coevolutionary history), parasites (e.g. traits and parasite interactions) and geography (e.g. latitude). Predicting the permissive host set or the subset of the host community that a parasite can infect is a central goal of parasite ecology. Here we develop models that accurately predict the permissive host set of 562 helminth parasites in five different parasite taxonomic groups. We developed predictive models using host traits, host taxonomy, geographic covariates, and parasite community composition, finding that models trained on parasite community variables were …

Why Do Plants Need So Many Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors?, Narender Kumar, John C. Larkin

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Cell cycle regulation is fundamental to growth and development, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CKIs) are major negative regulators of the cell cycle. Plant genomes encode substantially more CKIs than metazoan or fungal genomes. Plant CKIs fall into 2 distinct families, KIP-RELATED PROTEINS (KRPs) and SIAMESE-RELATED proteins (SMRs). SMRs can inhibit both S-phase and M-phase CDK complexes in vitro and are transcribed throughout the cell cycle, yet SMRs do not inhibit DNA replication in vivo. This suggests that SMRs must be activated post transcriptionally after the start of S-phase, but the mechanism of this …

Gibberellin Signaling Requires Chromatin Remodeler Pickle To Promote Vegetative Growth And Phase Transitions, Jeongmoo Park, Dong Ha Oh, Maheshi Dassanayake, Khoa Thi Nguyen, Joe Ogas, Giltsu Choi, Tai Ping Sun

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. PICKLE (PKL) is an ATP-dependent chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding domain (CHD3) chromatin remodeling enzyme in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previous studies showed that PKL promotes embryonic-to-vegetative transition by inhibiting expression of seed-specific genes during seed germination. The pkl mutants display a low penetrance of the “pickle root” phenotype, with a thick and green primary root that retains embryonic characteristics. The penetrance of this pickle root phenotype in pkl is dramatically increased in gibberellin (GA)-deficient conditions. At adult stages, the pkl mutants are semidwarfs with delayed flowering time, which resemble reduced GA-signaling mutants. These findings …

Growth Hormone And Prolactin Secretion In Horses: Effects Of Multiple And Extended Exercise Bouts, Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methyl Butyrate Feeding, And Arginine And Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Pretreatment, Donald L. Thompson, Peggy A. Miller-Auwerda, Liv Sandberg

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Five experiments were performed to test the overall hypothesis that exercise might be a useful indicator of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin status in horses. In experiment 1, geldings were exercised for 5 minutes four times at hourly intervals. The prolactin response (P < .05) to the first two exercise bouts was small and increased with successive bouts. There was a consistent GH response (P < .05) for only the first two bouts. In experiment 2, geldings were exercised for 29 to 39 minutes on a treadmill. After the initial bout, half the geldings were supplemented daily with Ca-β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate, and all geldings were conditioned for 12 weeks. Exercise bouts at 7 and 12 weeks indicated no effect (P > .1) of supplementation. In experiment 3, treatment of geldings with arginine before exercise increased (P < .001) prolactin concentrations but had no effect (P > .1) on the GH response to exercise. In experiment 4, the repeatability of the GH response to 5 minutes of exercise was determined by exercising eight stallions on six separate occasions. In addition to a large variation in …

Effects Of Wind, Ambient Temperature And Sun Position On Damselfly Flight Activity And Perch Orientation, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Many animals rely on movement for survival and reproduction. Directed movements incur metabolic costs, however, and animals adjust their behaviour to optimize energy expenditures in different abiotic conditions. Physical flows and solar radiation vary over time and space and influence animal behaviour at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Here, I quantify the effects of wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature and sun position on the fine-scale movement ecology and perch orientation of a widespread damselfly, Enallagma doubledayi. Through field observations, I found that damselflies fly, forage and engage competitors in territorial interactions …

Bacteria Associated With Piezodorus Guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), With Special Reference To Those Transmitted By Feeding, Claudia Husseneder, Jong Seok Park, Andrea Howells, Chinmay V. Tikhe, Jeffrey A. Davis

Faculty Publications

The redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is a rapidly growing pest damaging southern US agriculture. Pentatomid stink bugs are known to vector bacterial, fungal, and viral plant diseases. However, bacteria associated with redbanded stink bugs and their vector potential have not yet been assessed. In this study, we 1) cultured and identified bacteria transmitted by feeding of redbanded stink bug and 2) described bacteria from guts of redbanded stink bug individuals using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Nineteen bacteria transmitted by feeding of redbanded stink bug on soybean agar were isolated and identified via Sanger …

Post-Hurricane Successional Dynamics In Abundance And Diversity Of Canopy Arthropods In A Tropical Rainforest, T. D. Schowalter, M. R. Willig, S. J. Presley

Faculty Publications

We quantified long-term successional trajectories of canopy arthropods on six tree species in a tropical rainforest ecosystem in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico that experienced repeated hurricane-induced disturbances during the 19-yr study (1991-2009). We expected: 1) differential performances of arthropod species to result in taxon- or guild-specific responses; 2) differences in initial conditions to result in distinct successional responses to each hurricane; and 3) the legacy of hurricane-created gaps to persist despite subsequent disturbances. At least one significant effect of gap, time after hurricane, or their interaction occurred for 53 of 116 analyses of taxon abundance, 31 of 84 …

Development Of A Combined Osmotic Dehydration And Cryogenic Freezing Process For Minimizing Quality Changes During Freezing With Application To Fruits And Vegetables, Juan Li, Arranee Chotiko, Emmanuel Kyereh, Jie Zhang, Chen Liu, Vondel Vandeker Reyes Ortega, David Bankston, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

The effect of a combined osmo-dehydro-cryogenic-freezing process on quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables was evaluated. Cut-tomato-pieces were used as a model vegetable to evaluate the process. Tomatoes had 15.74% water loss and 0.22% solids gain after 24 h of osmotic dehydration in a 55% (w/w) maltodextrin solution at 35C, and increased redness was observed in osmotically dehydrated samples with lycopene content of 1244.78 µg/g of dry mass. Under liquid nitrogen cryogenic freezing at −40C osmotic pretreated tomato samples had shorter freezing time (3.13 min) and higher freezing rate (16.53C/min) than untreated samples (4.48 min and 11.58C/min, respectively). Pretreated-thawed tomato …

Yeast Pro- And Paraprobiotics Have The Capability To Bind Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Animal Disease, Gabriel A. Posadas, Paul R. Broadway, Justin A. Thornton, Jeffery A. Carroll, Amanda Lawrence, Jimmie R. Corley, Amber Thompson, Janet R. Donaldson

Faculty Publications

Live yeast probiotics and yeast cell wall components (paraprobiotics) may serve as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in prevention and treatment of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and paraprobiotics can bind directly to pathogens, which limits binding of the pathogens to the intestinal cells and also facilitates removal from the host. However, knowledge of bacterial binding, specificity, and/or capability is limited with regard to probiotics or paraprobiotics. The goal of this study was to characterize the qualitative and quantitative nature of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics and three S. cerevisiae paraprobiotics to adhere to thirteen different pathogenic bacteria …

Norms Of Valence And Arousal For 14,031 Spanish Words, Hans Stadthagen-Gonzalez, Constance Imbault, Miguel A. Pérez Sánchez, Marc Brysbaert

Faculty Publications

Most current models of research on emotion recognize valence (how pleasant a stimulus is) and arousal (the level of activation or intensity that a stimulus elicits) as important components in the classification of affective experiences (Barrett, 1998; Kuppens, Tuerlinckx, Russell, & Barrett, 2012). Here we present a set of norms for valence and arousal for a very large set of Spanish words, including items from a variety of frequencies, semantic categories, and parts of speech, including a subset of conjugated verbs. In this regard, we found that there were significant but very small differences between the ratings for conjugations of …

Progressive Deterioration Of Thalamic Nuclei Relates To Cortical Network Decline In Schizophrenia, Derin J. Cobia, Matthew J. Smith, Ilse Salinas, Charlene Ng, Mohktar Gado, John G. Csernansky, Lei Wang

Faculty Publications

Thalamic abnormalities are considered part of the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly the involvement of specific thalamic nuclei. The goals of this study were to: introduce a novel atlas-based parcellation scheme for defining various thalamic nuclei; compare their integrity in a schizophrenia sample against healthy individuals at baseline and follow-up time points, as well as rates of change over time; examine relationships between the nuclei and abnormalities in known connected cortical regions; and finally, to determine if schizophreniarelated thalamic nuclei changes relate to cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms. Subjects were from a larger longitudinal 2-year follow-up study, schizophrenia (n=20) and …

Vaccination Of Rhesus Macaques With The Live-Attenuated Hsv-1 Vaccine Vc2 Stimulates The Proliferation Of Mucosal T Cells And Germinal Center Responses Resulting In Sustained Production Of Highly Neutralizing Antibodies, Brent A. Stanfield, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Ronald Veazey, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2016 We have shown that the live-attenuated HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain with mutations in glycoprotein K (gK) and the membrane protein UL20 is unable to establish latency in vaccinated animals and produces a robust immune response capable of completely protecting mice against lethal vaginal HSV-1 or HSV-2 infections. To better understand the immune response generated by vaccination with VC2, we tested its ability to elicit immune responses in rhesus macaques. Vaccinated animals showed no signs of disease and developed increasing HSV-1 and HSV-2 reactive IgG1 after two booster vaccinations, while IgG subtypes IgG2 and IgG3 remained at low to …

Applying Population And Community Ecology Theory To Advance Understanding Of Belowground Biogeochemistry, Robert W. Buchkowski, Mark A. Bradford, A. Stuart Grandy, Oswald J. Schmitz, William R. Wieder

Faculty Publications

Approaches to quantifying and predicting soil biogeochemical cycles mostly consider microbial biomass and community composition as products of the abiotic environment. Current numerical approaches then primarily emphasise the importance of microbe–environment interactions and physiology as controls on biogeochemical cycles. Decidedly less attention has been paid to understanding control exerted by community dynamics and biotic interactions. Yet a rich literature of theoretical and empirical contributions highlights the importance of considering how variation in microbial population ecology, especially biotic interactions, is related to variation in key biogeochemical processes like soil carbon formation. We demonstrate how a population and community ecology perspective can …

Adapted Shared Storybook Reading: A Study Of Its Application For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And In Home Settings, Andrea Golloher

Faculty Publications

This study investigated the use of an adapted shared reading protocol with three children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in home settings. Using a multiple baseline across participants design, this investigation replicated and extended a previous investigation by Browder et al. to children with ASD and home settings. In addition, this study was to investigate whether individual components of the intervention package contributed to its overall effectiveness. Finally, the extent to which the participating children generalized their ability to engage in adapted shared reading with the researcher to shared reading with their parents was explored. The results of the investigation …

Deuterateer: A Tool For Quantifying Peptide Isotope Precision And Kinetic Proteomics, Bradley C. Naylor, Michael T. Porter, Elise Wilson, Adam Herring, Spencer Lofthouse, Austin Hannemann, Stephen R. Piccolo, Alan L. Rockwood, John C. Price

Faculty Publications

Motivation

Using mass spectrometry to measure the concentration and turnover of the individual proteins in a proteome, enables the calculation of individual synthesis and degradation rates for each protein. Software to analyze concentration is readily available, but software to analyze turnover is lacking. Data analysis workflows typically don’t access the full breadth of information about instrument precision and accuracy that is present in each peptide isotopic envelope measurement. This method utilizes both isotope distribution and changes in neutromer spacing, which benefits the analysis of both concentration and turnover.

Results

We have developed a data analysis tool, DeuteRater, to measure protein …

Failure Matters: Reassembling Eco-Urbanism In A Globalizing China, I-Chun Catherine Chang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Model For The Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kristy M. Brumfield, Susan M. Laborde, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

© 2017 British Phycological Society. Ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol are the predominant sterols in the membranes of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard. Ergosterol is primarily found in most fungi, which produce their end-product sterols by way of the intermediate lanosterol. In contrast, plants rarely make ergosterol and plant sterols are made via the intermediate cycloartenol. The cycloartenol-lanosterol bifurcation has been used as a means to evolutionarily categorize species based on their sterol production. Use of bioinformatics has revealed that the green alga, C. reinhardtii is probably producing sterols using a pathway very similar to that of higher plants. The Chlamydomonas genome …

Babylon And New Jerusalem In The Book Of Revelation: Imagery And Ethical Discernment., Craig R. Koester

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Image Of The Beast From The Land (Rev 13, 11-18): A Study In Incongruity, Craig R. Koester

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.