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Local Offenses, Brenner M. Fissell Dec 2020

Local Offenses, Brenner M. Fissell

Faculty Publications

Criminal law is generally thought to exist within two jurisdictional levels: federal and state. Neglected in the legal mind, and in legal scholarship, is the vast body of criminal law promulgated by local governments. While one should ask “what” is being criminalized by cities, towns, and villages, one should also ask “how” these offenses are written. The offense-drafting practices reflected in state criminal law have been extensively studied, but this has never been attempted for local offenses. This Article undertakes that task. After surveying a large number of local criminal codes, this Article concludes that local offenses routinely fail to …

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Hypotensive And Antihypertensive Effects Of An Aqueous Extract From Guinep Fruit (Melicoccus Bijugatus Jacq) In Rats, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Alexia Gordon, Javier Palacios, Adrian Paredes, Fredi Cifuentes, Sheena Francis, Je Ann Watson, Rupika Delgoda, Magdalene Nwokocha, Ruby Alexander-Lindo, Rory Thompson, Donna Minott-Kates, Momoh A. Yakubu Dec 2020

Hypotensive And Antihypertensive Effects Of An Aqueous Extract From Guinep Fruit (Melicoccus Bijugatus Jacq) In Rats, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha, Alexia Gordon, Javier Palacios, Adrian Paredes, Fredi Cifuentes, Sheena Francis, Je Ann Watson, Rupika Delgoda, Magdalene Nwokocha, Ruby Alexander-Lindo, Rory Thompson, Donna Minott-Kates, Momoh A. Yakubu

Faculty Publications

Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq (Mb) has been reported to have cardiovascular modulatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the antihypertensive effects and mechanism of action of Mb on NG-Nitro-l-arginine Methyl Ester (l-NAME) and Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA) rat models. Aqueous extract of Mb fruit (100 mg/kg) was administered for 6 weeks to rats by gavage and blood pressure was recorded. Effects of the extract on vascular reactivity was evaluated using isolated organ baths, and tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with extract (100 mg/kg) administration and treatment compared to the hypertensive models. Mb (100 µg/mL) reduced the vascular contractility induced by phenylephrine (PE), and caused a dose-dependent relaxation of PE-induced contraction of aortic vascular rings. The vasorelaxation properties seemed to be endothelium dependent, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and guanylyl cyclase, but not prostaglandin dependent. Histomicrograph of transverse sections of the ventricles from the Mb group did not show abnormalities. The extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced an l-NAME induced elevation of cardiac output and Creatine Kinase Muscle-Brain (CKMB), but had no significant impact on the activities of arylamine N-acetyltransferase. In conclusion, Mb significantly decreased blood pressure in hypertensive models. The extract possesses the ability to induce endothelium dependent vasodilation, which is dependent on guanylyl cyclase but not prostaglandins.

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Trends In Appendicitis Among Pregnant Women, The Risk For Cardiac Arrest, And Maternal–Fetal Mortality, Deepa Dongarwar, Jalyce Taylor, Veronica Ajewole, Nmelichukwu Anene, Oladapo Omoyele, China Ogba, Abiodun Oluwatoba, Dominique Giger, Au Thuy, Erika Argueta, Eknath Naik, Jason L. Salemi, Kiara Spooner, Omonike Olaleye, Hamisu M. Salihu Dec 2020

Trends In Appendicitis Among Pregnant Women, The Risk For Cardiac Arrest, And Maternal–Fetal Mortality, Deepa Dongarwar, Jalyce Taylor, Veronica Ajewole, Nmelichukwu Anene, Oladapo Omoyele, China Ogba, Abiodun Oluwatoba, Dominique Giger, Au Thuy, Erika Argueta, Eknath Naik, Jason L. Salemi, Kiara Spooner, Omonike Olaleye, Hamisu M. Salihu

Faculty Publications

Background: Appendicitis is the most common extra-uterine surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention during pregnancy. However, risks for mortality and morbidity among pregnant women with appendicitis remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to determine the temporal trends of appendicitis in pregnant women, and to calculate the risk of maternal–fetal mortality and near-miss marker (i.e., cardiac arrest) among pregnant women in general, and by race/ethnicity. Methods: We conducted this retrospective study using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2015. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate and describe temporal changes in the rates of …

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Emotional Presence In Building An Online Learning Community Among Non-Traditional Graduate Students, Mei Jiang, Katie Koo Dec 2020

Emotional Presence In Building An Online Learning Community Among Non-Traditional Graduate Students, Mei Jiang, Katie Koo

Faculty Publications

The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework posits that a collaborative online teaching and learning process can be achieved through three interdependent dimensions of presence: cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence. Emotion is considered an important factor in successful online learning. This study explored non-traditional graduate students’ perceived emotional presence that emerged in participants’ online learning experiences. Based on quantitative and qualitative data from 45 non-traditional graduate students in the field of education, the study showed that participants demonstrated both positive emotional expressions (e.g., enjoyment and happiness) and negative expressions (e.g., frustration and disappointment) in their responses. Emotional presence ratings …

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The Promise Of A Multi-Disciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach To Inform Insect Pest Management: Evidence From Wyoming Alfalfa, Randa Jabbour, Shiri Noy Dec 2020

The Promise Of A Multi-Disciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach To Inform Insect Pest Management: Evidence From Wyoming Alfalfa, Randa Jabbour, Shiri Noy

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Geographic Patterns And Environmental Correlates Of Phylogenetic Relatedness And Diversity For Freshwater Fish Assemblages In North America, Hong Qian, Yong Cao, Daijiang Li, Cindy Chu, Brody Sandel, Xianli Wang Dec 2020

Geographic Patterns And Environmental Correlates Of Phylogenetic Relatedness And Diversity For Freshwater Fish Assemblages In North America, Hong Qian, Yong Cao, Daijiang Li, Cindy Chu, Brody Sandel, Xianli Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos The tropical niche conservatism hypothesis suggests that most groups should be most phylogenetically clustered in cold, dry environments. This idea has been well-tested in plants and some animal groups, but not for fishes. We assess the geographic patterns of freshwater fish phylogenetic structure and investigate the relationships between these patterns and environmental variables across North America and within two biogeographic realms. Phylogenetic relatedness and diversity of 360 freshwater fish assemblages across North America were quantified with three metrics based on a well-dated …

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Qcm Sensor Arrays, Electroanalytical Techniques And Nir Spectroscopy Coupled To Multivariate Analysis For Quality Assessment Of Food Products, Raw Materials, Ingredients And Foodborne Pathogen Detection: Challenges And Breakthroughs†, David K. Bwambok, Noureen Siraj, Samantha Macchi, Nathaniel E. Larm, Gary A. Baker, Rocío L. Pérez, Caitlan E. Ayala, Charuksha Walgama, David Pollard, Jason D. Rodriguez, Souvik Banerjee, Brianda Elzey, Isiah M. Warner, Sayo O. Fakayode Dec 2020

Qcm Sensor Arrays, Electroanalytical Techniques And Nir Spectroscopy Coupled To Multivariate Analysis For Quality Assessment Of Food Products, Raw Materials, Ingredients And Foodborne Pathogen Detection: Challenges And Breakthroughs†, David K. Bwambok, Noureen Siraj, Samantha Macchi, Nathaniel E. Larm, Gary A. Baker, Rocío L. Pérez, Caitlan E. Ayala, Charuksha Walgama, David Pollard, Jason D. Rodriguez, Souvik Banerjee, Brianda Elzey, Isiah M. Warner, Sayo O. Fakayode

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products, raw materials, and food ingredients is critically important to ensure the safeguard of foods of high quality for safety and public health. Nevertheless, quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products along distribution and supply chains is impacted by various challenges. For instance, the development of portable, sensitive, low-cost, and robust instrumentation that is capable of real-time, accurate, and sensitive analysis, quality checks, assessments, and the assurance of food products in the field and/or in the production line in a food …

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The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen Dec 2020

The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Using extensive data of an ecological model system, we tested whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. We observed a 10-fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation on the Åland islands, Finland in the summer of 2018 and used climatic and satellite data to demonstrate that this year was an anomaly …

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Two Hundred And Fifty-Four Metagenome-Assembled Bacterial Genomes From The Bank Vole Gut Microbiota, Anton Lavrinienko, Eugene Tukalenko, Timothy A. Mousseau, Luke R. Thompson, Rob Knight, Tapio Mappes, Phillip C. Watts Dec 2020

Two Hundred And Fifty-Four Metagenome-Assembled Bacterial Genomes From The Bank Vole Gut Microbiota, Anton Lavrinienko, Eugene Tukalenko, Timothy A. Mousseau, Luke R. Thompson, Rob Knight, Tapio Mappes, Phillip C. Watts

Faculty Publications

Vertebrate gut microbiota provide many essential services to their host. To better understand the diversity of such services provided by gut microbiota in wild rodents, we assembled metagenome shotgun sequence data from a small mammal, the bank vole Myodes glareolus (Rodentia, Cricetidae). We were able to identify 254 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) that were at least 50% (n = 133 MAGs), 80% (n = 77 MAGs) or 95% (n = 44 MAGs) complete. As typical for a rodent gut microbiota, these MAGs are dominated by taxa assigned to the phyla Bacteroidetes (n = 132 MAGs) and …

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Genetic Determinants For Agronomic And Yield-Related Traits Localized On A Gbs-Snp Linkage Map From A Japonica X Indica Cross In Rice, Teresa B. De Leon, Rajat Pruthi, Babitha Jampala, Anna H. Borjas, Prasanta K. Subudhi Dec 2020

Genetic Determinants For Agronomic And Yield-Related Traits Localized On A Gbs-Snp Linkage Map From A Japonica X Indica Cross In Rice, Teresa B. De Leon, Rajat Pruthi, Babitha Jampala, Anna H. Borjas, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

Rice is an important cereal for human consumption. Identification of QTLs for important agronomic traits with high resolution is essential to the identification of genes and marker-assisted breeding to improve rice productivity. A genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based high-resolution SNP linkage developed in a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population of a japonica (Bengal) × indica (Pokkali) cross was used for QTL analysis of traits such as days to heading, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length, 1000 kernel weight, number of unfilled grains, number of filled grains, grain width, grain length, and awns using interval mapping and inclusive composite interval mapping …

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Muscadine Or Amla Extracts Standardized To Ellagic Acid Content Ameliorate Glucolipotoxicity Associated Β-Cell Dysfunction Via Inhibition Of Il-1Β And Improved Insulin Secretion, Srikanth Earpina, Karen Mcdonough, Millicent Yeboah-Awudzi, Kristina J. Cook, Sita Aggarwal, Jack N. Losso Dec 2020

Muscadine Or Amla Extracts Standardized To Ellagic Acid Content Ameliorate Glucolipotoxicity Associated Β-Cell Dysfunction Via Inhibition Of Il-1Β And Improved Insulin Secretion, Srikanth Earpina, Karen Mcdonough, Millicent Yeboah-Awudzi, Kristina J. Cook, Sita Aggarwal, Jack N. Losso

Faculty Publications

Glucolipotocixity induces IL-1 β secretion which impairs pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Ellagic acid and urolithin A have strong anti-inflammatory effect on cells. Muscadine and amla are very good sources of ellagic acid. The present study examined the effect of ellagic acid, ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extract, or urolothin A on inflammation in β cells under glucolipotoxic conditions. Rat NIT-1 β cells were incubated in glucolipotoxic conditions (33.3 mM glucose, 250 μM palmitic acid or 33.3 mM glucose + 250 μM palmitic acid with or without ellagic acid, ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts standardized to its ellagic acid content, …

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Monitoring 2019 Bonnet Carré Spillway Impacts - Final Report, J. Read Hendon, Jerry D. Wiggert, Jill Hendon Dec 2020

Monitoring 2019 Bonnet Carré Spillway Impacts - Final Report, J. Read Hendon, Jerry D. Wiggert, Jill Hendon

Faculty Publications

Due to the multiple and extended openings of the Bonnet Carré Spillway in 2019, the University of Southern Mississippi (USM) was tasked by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources to conduct ecological sampling in the Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters. in an effort to better understand the impacts of the extensive freshwater diversion of Bonnet Carré Spillway operations on Mississippi's coastal and marine resources. The period of performance for this project was June 1, 2019, to August 31, 2019. This technical report summarizes the three months of weekly surveys and analyses, over June - August 2019, conducted by the University …

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Exceptional Sulfur And Iron Isotope Enrichment In Millimetre-Sized, Early Palaeozoic Animal Burrows, Dario Harazim, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Kathryn C. Denommee, Nicolas Thiemeyer, Yann Lahaye, Martin J. Whitehouse Dec 2020

Exceptional Sulfur And Iron Isotope Enrichment In Millimetre-Sized, Early Palaeozoic Animal Burrows, Dario Harazim, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Kathryn C. Denommee, Nicolas Thiemeyer, Yann Lahaye, Martin J. Whitehouse

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Pyrite-δ34S and -δ56Fe isotopes represent highly sensitive diagnostic paleoenvironmental proxies that express high variability at the bed (< 10 mm) scale that has so far defied explanation by a single formative process. This study reveals for the first time the paleoenvironmental context of exceptionally enriched pyrite-δ34S and -δ56Fe in bioturbated, storm-reworked mudstones of an early Ordovician storm-dominated delta (Tremadocian Beach Formation, Bell Island Group, Newfoundland). Very few studies provide insight into the low-temperature sulfur and iron cycling from bioturbated muddy settings for time periods prior to the evolution of deep soil horizons on land. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analyses performed on Beach Formation muddy storm event beds reveal spatially distinct δ34S and δ56Fe values in: (a) tubular biogenic structures and trails (δ34S ~ +40‰; δ56Fe ~ −0.5‰), (b) silt-filled Planolites burrows (δ34S ~ +40‰; δ56Fe ~ +0.5 to + 2.1‰), and (c) non-bioturbated mudstone (δ34S ~ +35‰; δ56Fe ~ +0.5‰). δ34S values of well above + 40.0‰ indicate at least some pyrite precipitation in the presence of a 34S-depleted pore water sulfide reservoir, via closed system (Raleigh-type) fractionation. The preferential enrichment of 56Fe in Planolites burrows is best explained via microbially-driven liberation of Fe(II) from solid iron parent phases and precipitation from a depleted 54Fe dissolved Fe(II) reservoir. Rigorous sedimentological analysis represents a gateway to critically test the paleoenvironmental models describing the formation of a wide range of mudstones and elucidates the origins of variability in the global stable S and Fe isotope record.

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Associative Nitrogen Fixation Linked With Three Perennial Bioenergy Grasses In Field And Greenhouse Experiments, Jayani J. Wewalwela, Yuan Tian, Janet R. Donaldson, Brian S. Baldwin, Jac J. Varco, Brett Rushing, Haoliang Lu, Mark A. Williams Dec 2020

Associative Nitrogen Fixation Linked With Three Perennial Bioenergy Grasses In Field And Greenhouse Experiments, Jayani J. Wewalwela, Yuan Tian, Janet R. Donaldson, Brian S. Baldwin, Jac J. Varco, Brett Rushing, Haoliang Lu, Mark A. Williams

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Associative nitrogen (N2)‐fixation (ANF) by bacteria in the root‐zone of perennial bioenergy grasses has the potential to replace or supplement N fertilizer and support sustainable production of biomass, but its application in marginal ecosystems requires further evaluation. In this study, we first combined both greenhouse and field experiments, to explore the N2 fixation effects of three temperate feedstocks Miscanthus × giganteus (giant miscanthus, Freedom), Panicum virgatum (switchgrass, Alamo), and Saccharum sp. (energycane, Ho 02‐147). In field studies across three growing seasons, plant and soil pools of candidate feedstocks were partially composed of N …

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The Roles Of Osteopontin In The Pathogenesis Of West Nile Encephalitis, Farzana Nazneen, Fengwei Bai Dec 2020

The Roles Of Osteopontin In The Pathogenesis Of West Nile Encephalitis, Farzana Nazneen, Fengwei Bai

Faculty Publications

Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein encoded by the secreted phosphoprotein-1 (Spp-1) gene in humans, plays important roles in a variety of physiological conditions, such as biomineralization, bone remodeling and immune functions. OPN also has significant roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, allergy and inflammatory diseases, as well as bacterial, fungal and viral infections. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, is the leading agent for viral encephalitis in North America. Recent progress has been made in understanding both the biological functions of OPN and the pathogenesis of WNV. In this review article, we have summarized the current understanding of the …

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The Role Of The Msaabcr Operon In Implant-Associated Chronic Osteomyelitis In Staphylococcus Aureus Usa300 Lac, Gyan S. Sahukhal, Michelle Tucci, Hamed Benghuzzi, Gerri Wilson, Mohamed O. Elasri Dec 2020

The Role Of The Msaabcr Operon In Implant-Associated Chronic Osteomyelitis In Staphylococcus Aureus Usa300 Lac, Gyan S. Sahukhal, Michelle Tucci, Hamed Benghuzzi, Gerri Wilson, Mohamed O. Elasri

Faculty Publications

The msaABCR operon regulates several staphylococcal phenotypes such as biofilm formation, capsule production, protease production, pigmentation, antibiotic resistance, and persister cells formation. The msaABCR operon is required for maintaining the cell wall integrity via affecting peptidoglycan cross-linking. The msaABCR operon also plays a role in oxidative stress defense mechanism, which is required to facilitate persistent and recurrent staphylococcal infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of chronic implant-associated osteomyelitis (OM). The CA-MRSA USA300 strains are predominant in the United States and cause severe infections, including bone and joint infections.

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The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen Dec 2020

The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen

Faculty Publications

The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Using extensive data of an ecological model system, we tested whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. We observed a 10-fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation on the Åland islands, Finland in the summer of 2018 and used climatic and satellite data to demonstrate that this year was an anomaly with low climatic water balance values and low vegetation productivity indices across Åland. Population growth rates …

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Swarm-Based Design Of Proportional Integral And Derivative Controllers Using A Compromise Cost Function: An Arduino Temperature Laboratory Case Study, Paulo De Moura Oliveira, John Hedengren, Eduardo Solteiro Pires Nov 2020

Swarm-Based Design Of Proportional Integral And Derivative Controllers Using A Compromise Cost Function: An Arduino Temperature Laboratory Case Study, Paulo De Moura Oliveira, John Hedengren, Eduardo Solteiro Pires

Faculty Publications

Simple and easy to use methods are of great practical demand in the design of Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers. Controller design criteria are to achieve a good set-point tracking and disturbance rejection with minimal actuator variation. Achieving satisfactory trade-offs between these performance criteria is not easily accomplished with classical tuning methods. A particle swarm optimization technique is proposed to design PID controllers. The design method minimizes a compromise cost function based on both the integral absolute error and control signal total variation criteria. The proposed technique is tested on an Arduino-based Temperature Control Laboratory (TCLab) and compared with …

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Rumen And Serum Metabolomes In Response To Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed And Isoflavone Supplementation In Beef Steers, Taylor B. Ault-Seay, Emily A. Melchior-Tiffany, Brooke A. Clemmons Nov 2020

Rumen And Serum Metabolomes In Response To Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed And Isoflavone Supplementation In Beef Steers, Taylor B. Ault-Seay, Emily A. Melchior-Tiffany, Brooke A. Clemmons

Faculty Publications

Fescue toxicosis impacts beef cattle production via reductions in weight gain and muscle development. Isoflavone supplementation has displayed potential for mitigating these e ects. The objective of the current study was to evaluate isoflavone supplementation with fescue seed consumption on rumen and serum metabolomes. Angus steers (n = 36) were allocated randomly in a 2 2factorial arrangement of treatments including endophyte-infected (E+) or endophyte-free (E ) tall fescue seed, with (P+) or without (P ) isoflavones. Steers were provided a basal diet with fescue seed for 21 days, while isoflavones were orally administered daily. Following the trial, blood and rumen …

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Weighing The Evidence For The Abundant-Center Hypothesis, Tad Dallas, Luca Santini, Alan Hastings Nov 2020

Weighing The Evidence For The Abundant-Center Hypothesis, Tad Dallas, Luca Santini, Alan Hastings

Faculty Publications

The abundant-center hypothesis posits that species density should be highest in the center of the geographic range or climatic niche of a species, based on the idea that the center of either will be the area with the highest demographic performance (e.g., greater fecundity, survival, or carrying capacity). While intuitive, current support for the hypothesis is quite mixed. Here, we discuss the current state of the abundant-center hypothesis, highlighting the relatively low level of support for the relationship. We then discuss the potential reasons for this lack of empirical support, emphasiz-ing the inherent ecological complexity which may prevent the observation …

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Interleukin-17a Facilitates Chikungunya Virus Infection By Inhibiting Ifn-Α2 Expression, Biswas Neupane, Dhiraj Acharya, Farzana Nazneen, Gabriel Gonzalez-Fernandez, Alex Sutton Flynt, Fengwei Bai Nov 2020

Interleukin-17a Facilitates Chikungunya Virus Infection By Inhibiting Ifn-Α2 Expression, Biswas Neupane, Dhiraj Acharya, Farzana Nazneen, Gabriel Gonzalez-Fernandez, Alex Sutton Flynt, Fengwei Bai

Faculty Publications

Interferons (IFNs) are the key components of innate immunity and are crucial for host defense against viral infections. Here, we report a novel role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in inhibiting IFN-α2 expression thus promoting chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. CHIKV infected IL-17A deficient (Il17a−/−) mice expressed a higher level of IFN-α2 and developed diminished viremia and milder footpad swelling in comparison to wild-type (WT) control mice, which was also recapitulated in IL-17A receptor-deficient (Il17ra−/−) mice. Interestingly, IL-17A selectively blocked IFN-α2 production during CHIKV, but not West Nile virus (WNV) or Zika virus (ZIKV), infections. Recombinant IL-17A …

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Mapping Flat, Deep, And Slow: On The 'Spirit Of Place' In New Cinema History, Jeffrey Klenotic Nov 2020

Mapping Flat, Deep, And Slow: On The 'Spirit Of Place' In New Cinema History, Jeffrey Klenotic

Faculty Publications

This essay engages in a creative, heuristic, and reflexive consideration of the ‘localities’ of cinema audiences by exploring New Cinema History as a place. New Cinema History is conceptualised as a place continually produced in and through its interactions with the heterogeneous multiplicities of situated audiences and experiences of cinema that form the topoi of its landscape of inquiry. In reflecting on how this placialised landscape has been and might be represented, I argue that New Cinema History’s ‘spirit of place’ is most productive when rendered within a ‘splatial’ framework that draws upon practices of flat, deep, and slow mapping …

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Civilian Pepper Spray For Self Defense: Understanding User Perception And Impact Of Design On User Performance, David Strybel, Anil R. Kumar Nov 2020

Civilian Pepper Spray For Self Defense: Understanding User Perception And Impact Of Design On User Performance, David Strybel, Anil R. Kumar

Faculty Publications

Pepper spray is widely used in the US, and is marketed as an effective self-defense device. While pepper spray can be useful in deterring an attacker, many pepper spray owners do not have any experience using it. There is a dearth of published studies that focus on civilian pepper-spray use, not to mention first time pepper-spray users. A study to analyze pepper-spray designs with first-time users, to see how the design, specifically the safety mechanism, affects response time and overall performance would be helpful. The study was conducted in 2 parts – a survey to understand user perception, and a …

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Parsing The Impact Of Alice And The Peg, Colleen Chien, Nicholas Halkowski, Maria He, Rodney Swartz Nov 2020

Parsing The Impact Of Alice And The Peg, Colleen Chien, Nicholas Halkowski, Maria He, Rodney Swartz

Faculty Publications

Almost two years have passed since the USPTO issued its January 2019 Patent Eligibility Guidance (PEG), itself a response to the Supreme Court’s Alice decision, and what many perceived as its destabilizing impact on the certainty of patent prosecutions. Leveraging new data releases, we report on trends in prosecution following the USPTO’s PEG and the Guidance on 112, finding 1) a decline in subject matter rejections and stabilization of subject matter appeals, 2) no discernable increase in 112 rejections, 3) no evidence that small entities were being left behind in Alice-impacted art units by forum shopping by large entities, …

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The Lyophilized Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Moringa Oleifera Blunts Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes In Rats Through Upregulation Of Glut 4 Signaling Pathway And Anti-Oxidant Effect, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi, Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Abayomi Orishadipe, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Momoh Audu Yakubu, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju Nov 2020

The Lyophilized Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Moringa Oleifera Blunts Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes In Rats Through Upregulation Of Glut 4 Signaling Pathway And Anti-Oxidant Effect, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi, Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Abayomi Orishadipe, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Momoh Audu Yakubu, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju

Faculty Publications

The anti-diabetic property of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was performed in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats using serum chemistry, histology and immunochemical parameters as indices of diabetes. The blood glucose level of the diabetic untreated group continues to increase while that of the treated group after 21 days decreased. While the animals in the diabetic untreated group experienced increase in the levels of markers of organ damage when compared to the control group (P values < 0.0001). ALT increased from 61.83±1.5 to 96.1±22.4, AST was 225.1±26.6 from 172.6±13.9, ALP 13.5±0.006 to 13.6±0.002, UREA 1.0±0.08 to 3.0±0.4, their reduction was observed in the extract-treated groups. ALT reduced from 96.1±22.4 to 73.70±9.7; AST from 225.1±26.6 to 184.4±18.2; ALP from 13.6±0.002 to 13.6±0.01; UREA from 3.0±0.4 to 2.0±0.4. Treatment with the extract significantly reduced markers of oxidative stress in the kidney [hydrogen peroxide (898.8±6.26 to 688.0±13.7), malondialdehyde (640±0.1 to 600±0.2) and protein carbonyl (548.4±1.5 to 458.1±1.6)]; heart [hydrogen peroxide (389.4±1.8 to 358.2±1.5), malondialdehyde (264.0±0.5 to 122.0±0.3), protein carbonyl (196.8±0.5 to 162.7±3.5)]; and liver [hydrogen peroxide (119.36±3.2 to 103.94±10.7), malondialdehyde (236.0±0.4 to 73.0±0.2), protein carbonyl (269.3±1.0 to 174.2±1.1) respectively. The levels of antioxidants were reduced in the diabetic untreated group but there was increase in the Moringa treated group. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) was down regulated in the diabetic untreated group while it was well expressed in the treated groups. The histology of pancreas and liver showed varied levels of infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and necrotic lesions, but these were mild in the treated groups. The result shows that the extract does have an anti-diabetic effect with the decrease in the levels of blood glucose and markers of oxidative stress as well as increase in the amount of antioxidants in the treated group when compared to the diabetic untreated group. More importantly, the extract caused upregulation of GLUT 4, which is relevant in reversing insulin resistance in the same manner as pioglitazone, the standard antidiabetic agent used in this study.

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Bioanalytical Assay Development And Validation For The Pharmacokinetic Study Of Gmc1, A Novel Fkbp52 Co-Chaperone Inhibitor For Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer, Oscar Ekpenyong, Candace Cooper, Jing Ma, Naihsuan C. Guy, Ashley N. Payan, Fuqiang Ban, Artem Cherkasov, Marc B. Cox, Dong Liang, Huan Xie Nov 2020

Bioanalytical Assay Development And Validation For The Pharmacokinetic Study Of Gmc1, A Novel Fkbp52 Co-Chaperone Inhibitor For Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer, Oscar Ekpenyong, Candace Cooper, Jing Ma, Naihsuan C. Guy, Ashley N. Payan, Fuqiang Ban, Artem Cherkasov, Marc B. Cox, Dong Liang, Huan Xie

Faculty Publications

Background: GMC1 (2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(4-methoxyphenyl) methylideneamino] acetamide) effectively inhibits androgen receptor function by binding directly to FKBP52. This is a novel mechanism for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify GMC1 in plasma and urine from pharmacokinetics studies in rats. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system equipped with a Waters XTerra MS C18 column was used for chromatographic separation by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and methanol. A Sciex 4000 QTRAP® mass spectrometer was used for analysis by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive mode; the specific …

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Deficiency Of Splicing Factor 1 (Sf1) Reduces Intestinal Polyp Incidence In ApcMin/+ Mice, Jyotsna D. Godavarthi, Shahrazad Polk, Lisa Nunez, Amruthesh Shivachar, Nancy L. Glenn Griesinger, Angabin Matin Nov 2020

Deficiency Of Splicing Factor 1 (Sf1) Reduces Intestinal Polyp Incidence In ApcMin/+ Mice, Jyotsna D. Godavarthi, Shahrazad Polk, Lisa Nunez, Amruthesh Shivachar, Nancy L. Glenn Griesinger, Angabin Matin

Faculty Publications

Background: Splicing factor 1 (SF1) is a conserved alternative splicing factor expressed in many different mammalian cell types. The genetically modified Sf1+/− (or Sf1β-geo/+ ) mice express reduced levels of SF1 protein in mouse tissues, including in cells of the intestines. Mutational inactivation of human adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene deregulates the Wnt signaling pathway and is a frequent genetic event in colon cancers. Mice with a point mutation in the Apc gene (ApcMin/+ ) also develop numerous intestinal polyps at a young age. Our aim was to determine the effect of reduced SF1 levels on polyp development due to …

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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors As Multitarget-Directed Epi-Drugs In Blocking Pi3k Oncogenic Signaling: A Polypharmacology Approach, Kasturi Ranganna, Chelliah Selvam, Amruthesh Shivachar, Zivar Yousefipour Nov 2020

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors As Multitarget-Directed Epi-Drugs In Blocking Pi3k Oncogenic Signaling: A Polypharmacology Approach, Kasturi Ranganna, Chelliah Selvam, Amruthesh Shivachar, Zivar Yousefipour

Faculty Publications

Genetic mutations and aberrant epigenetic alterations are the triggers for carcinogenesis. The emergence of the drugs targeting epigenetic aberrations has provided a better outlook for cancer treatment. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modifiers playing critical roles in numerous key biological functions. Inappropriate expression of HDACs and dysregulation of PI3K signaling pathway are common aberrations observed in human diseases, particularly in cancers. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are a class of epigenetic small-molecular therapeutics exhibiting promising applications in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies, and in non-neoplastic diseases. Although HDACIs as single agents exhibit synergy by inhibiting HDAC and the PI3K …

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Genome‐Wide Association Study For Host Genetic Factors Associated With Equine Herpesvirus Type‐1 Induced Myeloencephalopathy, Wangisa M. B. Dunuwille, Navid Yousefimashouf, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, Nicola Pusterla, Ernest Bailey Nov 2020

Genome‐Wide Association Study For Host Genetic Factors Associated With Equine Herpesvirus Type‐1 Induced Myeloencephalopathy, Wangisa M. B. Dunuwille, Navid Yousefimashouf, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, Nicola Pusterla, Ernest Bailey

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Scaling Invisible Walls: Reasserting Indigenous Persistence In Mission-Era California, Tsim D. Schneider, Khal Schneider, Lee M. Panich Nov 2020

Scaling Invisible Walls: Reasserting Indigenous Persistence In Mission-Era California, Tsim D. Schneider, Khal Schneider, Lee M. Panich

Faculty Publications

California’s Franciscan missions were grounded in Indigenous homelands that to this day remain largely undertheorized and trivialized by scholarly and popular understandings of missions as inescapable fortresses of confinement. Narratives that position California’s missions as places of Indigenous imprisonment endure but they are at odds with a growing body of archaeological and documentary evidence demonstrating the persistence of Native lives, activities, and decision-making taking place within and beyond the walls of missions. We argue that interpretations of the missions in scholarly and popular conversation must make Indigenous persistence and resilient relationships to meaningful landscapes the cardinal priorities, not secondary attributes, …

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