Digital Commons Network^™

Bats And Humans During Thesars-Cov-2outbreak: The Case Of Bat-Coronaviruses From Mexico, P Colunga-Salas, G Hernandez-Canchola

Faculty Publications

The novelSARS-CoV-2coronavirus has attracted attention due to the high number of human cases around the world. It has been proposed that this virus originated in bats, possibly transmitted to humans by an intermediate host, making bats a group of great interest during this outbreak. Almost 10% of the world's bat species inhabit Mexico, and 14 previous novel CoVs have been recorded in Mexican bats. However, the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and the novel coronavirus are unknown. The aim of this communication was therefore to describe the phylogenetic relationships between Mexican bat-CoVs andSARS-CoV-2. We showed that Mexican bat-CoVs sequences are …

The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures And Covid-19 Risks In The Health Of Children, P D. Sly, B A. Trottier, C M. Bulka, S A. Cormier, P D. Sly, R C. Fry, K W. Kim, S Kleeberger, P Kumar, P J. Landrigan, K L. Carlsen, A Pascale, F Polack, M Ruchirawat, H J. Zar, W A. Suk

Faculty Publications

Background: An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution. Objectives: To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps. Methods: An international group of researchers interested in children's environmental health was …

Experimental Re-Infected Cats Do Not Transmit Sars-Cov-2, N N. Gaudreault, M Carossino, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, N N. Gaudreault, D W. Madden, K Cool, B L. Artiaga, C Mcdowell, D Bold, V Balaraman, T Kwon, W J. Ma, J Henningson, D W. Wilson, W C. Wilson, U C. Balasuriya, A Garcia-Sastre, J A. Richt

Faculty Publications

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and responsible for the current global pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can efficiently transmit the virus to naive cats. Here, we address whether cats previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 can be re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. In two independent studies, SARS-CoV-2-infected cats were re-challenged with SARS-CoV-2 at 21 days post primary challenge (DPC) and necropsies performed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-secondary challenge (DP2C). Sentinels were co-mingled with the re-challenged cats at 1 DP2C. Clinical signs were recorded, and nasal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swabs, blood, …

Everything You Wanted To Know About Space Radiation But Were Afraid To Ask, Jeffery Chancellor, Craig Nowadly, Jacqueline Williams, Serena Aunon-Chancellor, Megan Chesal, Jayme Looper, Wayne Newhauser

Faculty Publications

The space radiation environment is a complex combination of fast-moving ions derived from all atomic species found in the periodic table. The energy spectrum of each ion species varies widely but is prominently in the range of 400–600 MeV/n. The large dynamic range in ion energy is difficult to simulate in ground-based radiobiology experiments. Most ground-based irradiations with mono-energetic beams of a single one ion species are delivered at comparatively high dose rates. In some cases, sequences of such beams are delivered with various ion species and energies to crudely approximate the complex space radiation environment. This approximation may cause …

Biology And Management Of The Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Rice, Oryza Sativa (Poales: Poaceae), Santhi Bhavanam, Blake Wilson, Bryce Blackman, Michael Stout

Faculty Publications

The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius), is the most important late-season insect pest of rice in the southern United States. Nymphs and adults feed on rice grains, resulting in losses in yield and grain quality. Aspects of the biology, ecology, life history, and chemical ecology have been investigated in southern rice producing states but several outstanding questions remain. Standard economic threshold levels (ETLs) based on sweep net sampling for rice stink bug have been established depending on grain development stage and geographic location. However, recent studies on the relationship between rice stink bug densities, feeding damage, and its economic …

Current Distribution And Population Persistence Of Five Lepidopteran Pests In U.S. Soybean, Anders S. Huseth, Robert L. Koch, Dominic Reisig, Jeffrey A. Davis, Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, Erin W. Hodgson

Faculty Publications

The distribution of lepidopteran pests in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a current knowledge gap limiting accurate prioritization of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) research. Regional characterizations of lepidopteran distribution in soybean are now more than 25 yr old. The goal of this study was to generate a contemporary assessment of the distribution and population persistence of lepidopteran soybean pests. To understand which species are currently infesting soybean and their persistence, we conducted a survey of soybean entomologists with responsibility for approximately 33.6 million hectares of production in 31 U.S. states. Soybean entomologists were asked questions about presence of lepidopteran …

Climate Mismatch Between Introduced Biological Control Agents And Their Invasive Host Plants: Improving Biological Control Of Tropical Weeds In Temperate Regions, Nathan E. Harms, Ian A. Knight, Paul D. Pratt, Angelica M. Reddy, Abhishek Mukherjee, Ping Gong, Julie Coetzee, S. Raghu, Rodrigo Diaz

Faculty Publications

Many weed biological control programs suffer from large-scale spatial variation in success due to restricted distributions or abundances of agents in temperate climates. For some of the world’s worst aquatic weeds, agents are established but overwintering conditions limit their survival in higher latitudes or elevations. The resulting need is for new or improved site-or region-specific biological control tools. Here, we review this challenge with a focus on low-temperature limitations of agents and propose a roadmap for improving success. Investigations across spatial scales, from global (e.g., foreign exploration), to local (selective breeding), to individual organisms (molecular modification), are discussed. A combination …

Sugar Recovery Rates In Louisiana, Florida, And Australia (1901–2018): Sugarcane Varietal Development And Cultural Practices, P. Lynn Kennedy, Andrew Schmitz, Fangyi Zhang

Faculty Publications

Australia, Florida, and Louisiana are dominant sugar producers. We use piecewise regression to compare the growth in sugar recovery rates. To discuss sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varietal development and cultural practices, we consider two scenarios: the entire period 1901 to 2018 and two subperiods using country-specific breakpoints. The overall annual increase in the sugar recovery rate for all three regions ranged between 0.0180% for Australia and 0.0525% for Florida. In the first subperiod, Florida (0.2380%, 1928–1941) and Australia (0.1233%, 1901–1927) have the greatest annual gains, but in the second subperiod, Louisiana experiences the greatest annual gains (0.0813%, 1969–2018), followed by …

Kentucky Soybean Farmers' Supportiveness Of Two Integrated Pest And Pollinator Management Tactics, Hannah J. Penn, Jerrod Penn, Michael Cunningham-Minnick, Wuyang Hu

Faculty Publications

Beneficial insect conservation in agriculture is often studied in the context of integrated pest management (IPM). For instance, vegetative field edges provide habitat and changing the timing of insecticidal sprays decreases risk for pollinators and natural enemies of insect pests. However, the attitudes and confidence of U.S. growers towards IPM implementation in traditional row crops remain understudied. We developed an online survey using a convenience sample and surveyed Kentucky soybean growers to understand their current pest and general management practices, beliefs about sources of insect pests/weeds, and attitudes towards pollinators. We also asked about their willingness to implement two management …

Biology, Ecology, And Management Of Key Sorghum Insect Pests, Olabimpe O. Okosun, Kerry C. Allen, James P. Glover, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), is a highly valued crop cultivated worldwide, with the grain and stover being of equal importance in some developing countries. Sorghum can produce high yields even under adverse environmental conditions, however, damage from insect pests at various stages of the plant's development can reduce its productivity, impacting low-income farmers in developing countries. Important sorghum insect pests include leaf-sucking species, leaf-feeding species, stalk or stem borers, pests of the panicle and of the stored grain. Modern control strategies include cultural controls, biological control, pesticides (chemical, botanicals, or microbial), and host plant resistance. An integrated approach …

First Record Of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes From Montana Agroecosystems, Ramandeep K. Sandhi, Ratnasri Pothula, Satyendra K. Pothula, Byron J. Adams, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

A total of 30 different agricultural fields in the Golden Triangle Region of Montana, USA were surveyed, and 150 soil samples were evaluated for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The authors isolated EPNs from 10% of the collected samples. The recovered isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora by using morphological and molecular analysis. Steinernema feltiae was found from two fields, Kalispell (S. feltiae 1) and Choteau (S. feltiae 2). Steinernema feltiae (1 and 2) differed significantly from each other in terms of morphological characters for infective juveniles (distance from anterior end to excretory pore and nerve …

On-Farm Evaluation Of Regenerative Land-Use Practices In A Semi-Arid Pasture Agroecosystem In West Texas, Usa, Lindsey Slaughter, Sanjit Deb, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Bin Li, Noura Bakr, Bryanna Edwards, David Weindorf

Faculty Publications

Continually rising scarcity in water and nutrient resources, especially in semi-arid agricultural systems, combined with increased frequency of extreme weather events such as drought, contribute to a growing need for resilient and regenerative agricultural ecosystems. However, evaluating a myriad of combinations of producer-led sustainable management practices in on-farm research remains challenging. Few studies have elucidated spatial variability in measured soil properties across the study area due to logistical and economic constraints. As such, this study aimed to: 1) establish soil health assessment and landscape variability data immediately after land-use change to a sustainable pasture management system, and 2) delineate relationships …

Characterization Of Swine Behavior And Production Using Measurements Collected Via Indoor Positioning System, Shaun Perisho, Alen Hajnal

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Legislative and market initiatives are requiring that gestating sows move from individual housing to group settings. Little information is known about coping of individual sows in these more socially complex environments and thus the impact of different behaviors on sow reproductive success was investigated. The movements of 70 sows during periods of reintroduction into large pen gestational housing following insemination was measured using Smartbow indoor positioning technology (Smartbow, Smartbow GmbH, Weibern, Austria) that tracked animal location and accelerations. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to establish composite variables characterizing each animal's behavioral response to social reintroduction and revealed …

Caregiver Treatment Consumption In An Experimental Treatment Marketplace, Delaney J. Darragh

Faculty Publications

Behavioral economics is an approach to understanding consumer behavior by integrating behavioral science with economic principles. Behavioral economics incorporates traditional economic principles with operant learning approaches. There is limited research examining how individuals consume psychological and behavioral treatments. This is especially the case for treatments designed for children. The current study used data from a previously collected sample to explore gender differences in an experimental treatment marketplace (ETM). Experimental treatment marketplaces are generally used to evaluate choices between goods and services (e.g., types of behavior interventions). An ETM was developed to evaluate treatment consumption when levels of evidence differed between …

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory And His Ideas On Promoting Creativity, Hani Morgan

Faculty Publications

This book chapter highlights Howard Gardner's contributions to the areas of education and creativity. It includes an introductory section on his background and accomplishments. The chapter focuses on his theory of multiple intelligences, Gardner's best-known theory, and provides details on how he got the idea for this theory. It offers an explanation of this theory and the implications it has for educators. His theory of human intelligence contradicts the view that there is one type of intelligence that could be measured by standardized tests. Gardner first described seven intelligences and later added an eighth. The chapter also focuses on Gardner's …

Potential Ecological Impacts Of Climate Intervention By Reflecting Sunlight To Cool Earth, P.L. Zarnetske, J. Gurevitch, J. Franklin, P.M. Groffman, C.S. Harrison, J.J. Hellmann, F.M. Hoffman, S. Kothari, A. Robock, S. Tilmes, D. Visioni, J. Wu, L. Xia, C.-E. Yang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Identifying Global Favourable Habitat For Early Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles, C.S. Harrison, J.Y. Luo, N.F. Putman, Q. Li, P. Sheevam, K. Krumhardt, J. Stevens, M.C. Long

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Call-And-Response: Looking Outward From/With Igsa@Nd, Angeletta K.M. Gourdine, Mary Celeste Kearney, Shauna Pomerantz

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Eat Clean And Safe Food: A Food-Based Dietary Guideline For The Elderly In South Africa, Makenzie Miller, Wilna Oldewage-Theron, Carin Napier

Faculty Publications

As the population of elderly individuals in South Africa (SA) grows, there is a need to promote the continued health of these persons as they progress through the life cycle. Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) for the SA elderly were developed to address this need. These thirteen guidelines for the elderly collectively offer a basis of health practices that the elderly can follow to ensure that they are taking the right steps toward maintaining their health. While the guideline ‘Eat clean and safe food’ is not included in the current SA FBDGs, this recommendation is of particular importance to the …

Food And Beverages Promoting Elderly Health: Six Food-Based Dietary Guidelines To Plan Good Mixed Meals For Elderly South Africans, Sanjoy Saha, Upasana Mukherjee, Makenzie Miller, Li Ling Peng, Carin Napier, Heleen Grobbelaar, Wilna Oldewage-Theron

Faculty Publications

Studies have shown that the elderly are at a higher risk of developing malnutrition due to physiological and pathological changes. Several studies have confirmed that older South Africans have insufficient dietary diversity, resulting in nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, poor and uninformed dietary choices are associated with the development of several diseases and increased mortality. Following the Elderly Food Based Dietary Guidelines (EFBDGs) related to promoting elderly health could ensure that the elderly have an adequate intake of nutritious foods. This paper provides an overview of six FBDGs relating to promoting health and is based on the South African Food Based Dietary …

Effects Of Immersion In Fermented Tea Liquid And Steam Treatments On Physicochemical Properties And Ginsenoside Profiles Of Korean Ginseng, Peerarat Doungtip, Kyung Tack Kim, Hee Do Hong, Shin Eun Ju, Jae Woong Choi, Thanyaporn Siriwoharn, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Sujinda Sriwattana

Faculty Publications

The study was performed to investigate some changes in physicochemical characteristics and ginsenoside profiles of Korean ginseng after being subjected to immersion in fermented tea liquid (FTL) [at a ratio of ginseng powder: FTL; 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8, w/w] and steam treatments (with and/or without steam). The ratio at 1:4 w/w showed the highest yield of bioactive components and was, therefore, selected to evaluate the effects of steam conditions [temperatures (60, 80, and 100°C) and times (1, 2, and 3 hr)]. The sample treated with FTL, regardless of the steam treatment, had darker color and higher antioxidant activity (IC50 for …

Solopreneur Digital Ecosystems: Genesis, Lineage And Preliminary Categorization, Gabriele Piccoli, Biagio Palese, Joaquin Rodriguez

Faculty Publications

This paper traces the genesis and lineage of solopreneur digital ecosystems. These ecosystems, fostered by a digital environment that is infrastructural, combinatorial and servitized, are enabling the rise to prominence of the solopreneur. We theorize solopreneur digital ecosystems as the latest incarnation of systems beyond firm control, with digital platforms and digital marketplaces as their principal enablers. In an effort to compare them from the perspective of the solopreneur, we categorize solopreneur digital ecosystems on three dimensions: algorithmic control, commoditization, and lock-in. Our work contributes a framework that solopreneurs can use to identify ecosystems in which they can optimally invest …

Solopreneur Digital Ecosystems: Genesis, Lineage And Preliminary Categorization, Gabriele Piccoli, Biagio Palese, Joaquin Rodriguez

Faculty Publications

This paper traces the genesis and lineage of solopreneur digital ecosystems. These ecosystems, fostered by a digital environment that is infrastructural, combinatorial and servitized, are enabling the rise to prominence of the solopreneur. We theorize solopreneur digital ecosystems as the latest incarnation of systems beyond firm control, with digital platforms and digital marketplaces as their principal enablers. In an effort to compare them from the perspective of the solopreneur, we categorize solopreneur digital ecosystems on three dimensions: algorithmic control, commoditization, and lock-in. Our work contributes a framework that solopreneurs can use to identify ecosystems in which they can optimally invest …

Gge Biplot Projection In Adaptability And Stability Inference Of Soybean In An Agricultural Center Paraná, Brazil1, Kadson Emmanuel Frutuoso Silva, Júlio César Dovale, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Jean Newton Marques

Faculty Publications

The state of Paraná is among the main producers of soybeans not only in Brazil, but in the World. However, it presents considerable edaphoclimatic variation throughout its area. This is one of the main causes genotype-by-environment interactions, hindering the selective process as well as the recommendation of cultivars in the state. Therefore, the objective of this study was: (i) to identify the environment that make it possible to represent the conditions of the state of Paraná, in order to facilitate the selection and recommendation of cultivars in future breeding programs; (2) to identify soybean inbres lines stable and adapted to …

The "Innocence" Of Bias, Osamudia James

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Political Economy Of Pandemic Pods, Osamudia James

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Social Issues In The Spotlight: The Increasing Need To Improve Publicly-Held Companies’ Csr And Esg Disclosures, Thomas Lee Hazen

Faculty Publications

There is ever-increasing investor interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) generally, and environmental social governance (ESG) in particular. Investors’ desires have triggered increased corporate ESG disclosures to indicate companies’ commitment to socially responsible behavior. As pressure for ESG-related disclosures continues to rise, there is increasing pressure on the SEC to support and mandate enhanced ESG disclosures.

Notwithstanding many calls for mandatory ESG disclosures, the SEC has not implemented such a requirement. Instead, ESG disclosures are voluntary. Voluntary ESG disclosures are common, but to a large extent are marred by a lack of standardization in ESG data methodology. The increasing investor …

Nondelegation And Criminal Law, Carissa Byrne Hessick, F. Andrew Hessick

Faculty Publications

Although the Constitution confers the legislative power on Congress, Congress does not make most laws. Instead, Congress delegates the power to make laws to administrative agencies. The Supreme Court has adopted a permissive stance towards these delegations, placing essentially no limits on Congress’s ability to delegate lawmaking power to agencies.

In its recent decision, Gundy v. United States, the Court relied on this unrestrictive doctrine to uphold a statute delegating the power to write criminal laws. In doing so, the Court did not address whether greater restrictions should apply to delegations involving criminal law. Instead, it applied the same …

Deep Brain Stimulation For Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Real World Experience Post-Fda-Humanitarian Use Device Approval, Lora Kahn, Brianne Sutton, Helena R. Winston, Aviva Abosch, John A. Thompson, Rachel E. Davis

Faculty Publications

While case series have established the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has been our experience that few OCD patients present without comorbidities that affect outcomes associated with DBS treatment. Here we present our experience with DBS therapy for OCD in patients who all have comorbid disease, together with the results of our programming strategies. For this case series, we assessed five patients who underwent ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) DBS for OCD between 2015 and 2019 at the University of Colorado Hospital. Every patient in this cohort exhibited comorbidities, including substance use disorders, eating …

Validity Of A Four-Item Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale For Assessing Water Issues Related To Health And Well-Being, Sera L. Young, Joshua D. Miller, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Godfred O. Boateng, Zeina Jamaluddine, Torsten B. Neilands

Faculty Publications

We sought to determine whether a shortened version of the 12-item Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale, which measures water insecurity equivalently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is valid for broad use. Using data from 9,261 households in 25 LMICs, subsets of candidate items were evaluated on their predictive accuracy, criterion validity, and sensitivity-specificity. A subset with items assessing "worry," "changing plans," "limited drinking water," and "inability to wash hands" because of problems with water (range: 0-12) were highly correlated with full HWISE Scale scores (correlation coefficient: 0.949-0.980) and introduced minimal additional error (root mean square error: 2.13-2.68). Criterion …