Digital Commons Network^™

Wide-Necked Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Clipping Following Failed Occlusion After Woven Endobridge Placement: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Stephen Capone, Anil Roy, Matthew Kole, Spiros L Blackburn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Metabolic, Physiological And Anatomical Responses Of Soybean Plants Under Water Deficit And High Temperature Condition, Roberto Gomes Vital, Caroline Müller, Francisco Bruno Silva Freire, Fábia Barbosa Silva, Priscila Ferreira Batista, David Fuentes, Arthur Almeida Rodrigues, Luciana Minervina Freitas Moura, Danilo Menezes Daloso, Adinan Alves Silva, Andrew Merchant, Alan Carlos Costa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Water deficit (WD) combined with high temperature (HT) is the major factor limiting agriculture worldwide, and it is predicted to become worse according to the current climate change scenario. It is thus important to understand how current cultivated crops respond to these stress conditions. Here we investigated how four soybean cultivars respond to WD and HT isolated or in combination at metabolic, physiological, and anatomical levels. The WD + HT increased the level of stress in soybean plants when compared to plants under well-watered (WW), WD, or HT conditions. WD + HT exacerbates the increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity, which …

Preconditioning By Voluntary Wheel Running Attenuates Later Neuropathic Pain Via Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Antioxidant Signaling In Rats, Suzanne M Green-Fulgham, Michael E Harland, Jayson B Ball, Jiahe Li, Michael J Lacagnina, Heather D'Angelo, Renee A Dreher, Kendal F Willcox, Sabina A Lorca, Andrew J Kwilasz, Steven F Maier, Linda R Watkins, Peter M Grace

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Animal and human studies have shown that exercise prior to nerve injury prevents later chronic pain, but the mechanisms of such preconditioning remain elusive. Given that exercise acutely increases the formation of free radicals, triggering antioxidant compensation, we hypothesized that voluntary running preconditioning would attenuate neuropathic pain by supporting redox homeostasis after sciatic nerve injury in male and female rats. We show that 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running suppresses neuropathic pain development induced by chronic constriction injury across both sexes. This attenuation was associated with reduced nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity-a marker for peroxynitrite-at the sciatic nerve injury site. Our data suggest …

Anchor Arthropathy Caused By Cartilage Penetration: An Approach To Revision Hip Arthroscopy With Removal Of Problematic Anchors, Payam W Sabetian, Olivia A Paraschos, W Taylor Harris, Paulo P Padilla, David R Maldonado, Benjamin G Domb

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Hip arthroscopy has been proven to effectively treat labral tears in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. Anchors used for this treatment have constantly evolved and improved to ensure safety and minimal invasion. However, acetabular drilling and anchor placement are technically challenging due to the concavity of the acetabular articular surface, limited angles for anchor insertion, and finite bone availability in the anterior and posterior column. Inadequate technique can result in protruding anchors, which may lead to full-thickness articular cartilage damage, manifesting in pain, mechanical symptoms, and impaired function. This Technical Note demonstrates arthroscopic removal of protruding anchors and management of …

Aerosol Production With Surgical Instrumentation: Implications For Head And Neck Surgery In The Covid-19 Era, Garren M I Low, Bailey Leconte, Arturo A Eguia, Ashley Kim, Ron J Karni, Amber U Luong, Kunal S Jain

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Evaluating the aerosolization of droplets from surgical instruments to assess the implications of surgery in SARS-CoV-2 transmission for both patients and providers. Cadaver study. Outpatient surgery center. Aerosolized particles between 0.3 and 25 microns were measured. Instruments tested included monopolar cautery with and without suction, bipolar cautery, a bipolar vessel sealing device, and tissue scissors. Each trial was compared to a background reading. Monopolar cautery without suction, Ligasure used continuously and Bipolar cautery produced the most aerosols. Monopolar cautery with simultaneous suction produced no detectable aerosols. Ligasure used for a single cycle produced notably fewer aerosols than during continuous use. …

A Hydrogen-Sulfide Derivative Of Mesalamine Reduces The Severity Of Intestinal And Lung Injury In Necrotizing Enterocolitis Through Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Brian D Hosfield, Chelsea E Hunter, Hongge Li, Natalie A Drucker, Anthony R Pecoraro, Krishna Manohar, W Christopher Shelley, Troy A Markel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating disease that affects preterm infants. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors have been shown to reduce the severity of NEC, but the optimal compound has yet to be identified. We hypothesized that oral H2S-Mesalamine (ATB-429) would improve outcomes in experimental NEC, and its benefits would be dependent on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathways. NEC was induced in 5-day-old wild-type (WT) and eNOS knockout (eNOSKO) pups by formula feeding and stress. Four groups were studied in both WT and eNOSKO mice: 1) breastfed controls, 2) NEC, 3) NEC + 50 mg/kg mesalamine, and …

Comparison Of Brain Nicotine Uptake From Electronic Cigarettes And Combustible Cigarettes, Yantao Zuo, Alexey G Mukhin, Hannah Berg, Janiece D Morgan, Akiva Mintz, Jed E Rose, Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Brain accumulation rate and magnitude are critical for the acute reinforcing effects of nicotine. Despite electronic cigarettes’ (E-cigs) appeal as substitutes for traditional combustible cigarettes (C-cigs), brain nicotine accumulation (BNA) from E-cigs has not been compared with that from C-cigs using a within-subjects design. BNA was directly assessed with 16 adult dual users (10 females) of E-cigs (e-liquid pH 9.4) and C-cigs, using 11C-nicotine and positron emission tomography (PET). Participants went through two 15-min head scanning sessions during which they inhaled a single puff of E-cig vapor or C-cig smoke containing 11C-nicotine in a randomized order. A full-body scan was …

Aging After Stroke: How To Define Post-Stroke Sarcopenia And What Are Its Risk Factors?, Sheng Li, Javier Gonzalez-Buonomo, Jaskiran Ghuman, Xinran Huang, Aila Malik, Nuray Yozbatiran, Elaine Magat, Gerard E Francisco, Hulin Wu, Walter R Frontera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, generally described as "aging-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function", can occur secondary to a systemic disease.

AIM: This project aimed to study the prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic ambulatory stroke survivors and its associated risk factors using the two most recent diagnostic criteria.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study.

SETTING: A scientific laboratory.

POPULATION: Chronic stroke.

METHODS: Twenty-eight ambulatory chronic stroke survivors (12 females; mean age=57.8±11.8 years; time after stroke=76±45 months), hand-grip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were measured to define sarcopenia. Risk factors, including motor impairment and spasticity, were identified using regression …

Aging After Stroke: How To Define Post-Stroke Sarcopenia And What Are Its Risk Factors?, Sheng Li, Javier Gonzalez-Buonomo, Jaskiran Ghuman, Xinran Huang, Aila Malik, Nuray Yozbatiran, Elaine Magat, Gerard E Francisco, Hulin Wu, Walter R Frontera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, generally described as "aging-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function", can occur secondary to a systemic disease.

AIM: This project aimed to study the prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic ambulatory stroke survivors and its associated risk factors using the two most recent diagnostic criteria.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study.

SETTING: A scientific laboratory.

POPULATION: Chronic stroke.

METHODS: Twenty-eight ambulatory chronic stroke survivors (12 females; mean age=57.8±11.8 years; time after stroke=76±45 months), hand-grip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were measured to define sarcopenia. Risk factors, including motor impairment and spasticity, were identified using regression …

Development Of The International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Data Set For Informal Caregivers, Carol Haywood, Rebecca Martin, Kathryn Dent, M J Mulcahey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

STUDY DESIGN: Mixed-methods, including expert consensus for initial development and a multi-center repeated measures design for field testing.

OBJECTIVES: To develop an International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Data Set for caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury/disorder (SCI/D) for use in research and clinical care settings.

SETTING: International, multi-disciplinary working group with field testing in five North American pediatric rehabilitation hospitals.

METHODS: The data set was developed iteratively through meetings and online surveys with a working group of experts in pediatric and adult SCI/D rehabilitation and caregivers of individuals with SCI/D. Initial reliability was examined through repeat administration of a …

Rumination As A Mediator Of The Association Between Racial Discrimination And Depression Among Black Youth, Donte L Bernard, Colleen A Halliday, Funlola Are, Devin E Banks, Carla Kmett Danielson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Racial discrimination constitutes a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms among Black youth. Rumination, a maladaptive self-regulatory stress response, is a notable pathway by which racial discrimination contributes to depressive symptoms among racial/ethnic minority adults. Yet, examinations of the mechanistic nature of rumination in the context of racial discrimination among racial/ethnic minority youth remain limited. The present study investigated rumination as a mediator of the association between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among Black youth.

METHODS: Data for the current study were drawn from baseline questionnaire responses of community recruited Black pre-and-early adolescents (N = 158, 53% female, M …

Genetics And Epigenetics Of Self-Injurious Thoughts And Behaviors: Systematic Review Of The Suicide Literature And Methodological Considerations, Salahudeen Mirza, Anna R Docherty, Amanda Bakian, Hilary Coon, Jair C Soares, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Gabriel R Fries

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Suicide is a multifaceted and poorly understood clinical outcome, and there is an urgent need to advance research on its phenomenology and etiology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that suicidal behavior is heritable, suggesting that genetic and epigenetic information may serve as biomarkers for suicide risk. Here we systematically review the literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in phenotypes across the full range of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). We included 577 studies focused on genome-wide and epigenome-wide associations, candidate genes (SNP and methylation), noncoding RNAs, and histones. Convergence of specific genes is limited across units of analysis, although pathway-based …

Ocrelizumab Reduces Thalamic Volume Loss In Patients With Rms And Ppms, Douglas L Arnold, Till Sprenger, Amit Bar-Or, Jerry S Wolinsky, Ludwig Kappos, Shannon Kolind, Ulrike Bonati, Stefano Magon, Johan Van Beek, Harold Koendgen, Oscar Bortolami, Corrado Bernasconi, Laura Gaetano, Anthony Traboulsee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), thalamic integrity is affected directly by demyelination and neuronal loss, and indirectly by gray/white matter lesions outside the thalamus, altering thalamic neuronal projections.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of ocrelizumab compared with interferon beta-1a (IFNβ1a)/placebo on thalamic volume loss and the effect of switching to ocrelizumab on volume change in the Phase III trials in relapsing MS (RMS, OPERA I/II; NCT01247324/NCT01412333) and in primary progressive MS (PPMS, ORATORIO; NCT01194570).

Methods: Thalamic volume change was computed using paired Jacobian integration and analyzed using an adjusted mixed-effects repeated measurement model.

Results: Over the double-blind period, …

Aging After Stroke: How To Define Post-Stroke Sarcopenia And What Are Its Risk Factors?, Sheng Li, Javier Gonzalez-Buonomo, Jaskiran Ghuman, Xinran Huang, Aila Malik, Nuray Yozbatiran, Elaine Magat, Gerard E Francisco, Hulin Wu, Walter R Frontera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Sarcopenia, generally described as "aging-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function", can occur secondary to a systemic disease.

Aim: This project aimed to study the prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic ambulatory stroke survivors and its associated risk factors using the two most recent diagnostic criteria.

Design: A cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: A scientific laboratory.

Population: Chronic stroke.

Methods: Twenty-eight ambulatory chronic stroke survivors (12 females; mean age=57.8±11.8 years; time after stroke=76±45 months), hand-grip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were measured to define sarcopenia. Risk factors, including motor impairment and spasticity, were identified using regression …

The Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic Upon Non-Elective Admissions And Surgery At A Safety-Net Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Artem Boyev, Srinivas Sanjeevi, Martha M Estrada, Tien C Ko, Curtis J Wray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals reported decreased admissions for acute surgical diagnoses, but scant data was available to quantify the decrease and its consequences. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of acute care surgery encounters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single, urban, United States safety-net hospital. Emergency room encounters, admissions, non-elective surgical procedures, patient acuity, and surgical complications were compared before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence rate (IR) and …

Engineering Antibody And Protein Therapeutics To Cross The Blood-Brain Barrier, Peng Zhao, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) are often difficult to treat. Antibody- and protein-based therapeutics hold huge promises in CNS disease treatment. However, proteins are restricted from entering the CNS by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To achieve enhanced BBB crossing, antibody-based carriers have been developed by utilizing the endogenous macromolecule transportation pathway, known as receptor-mediated transcytosis. In this report, we first provided an overall review on key CNS diseases and the most promising antibody- or protein-based therapeutics approved or in clinical trials. We then reviewed the platforms that are being explored to increase the macromolecule brain entry to combat …

A Population-Based Meta-Analysis Of Circulating Gfap For Cognition And Dementia Risk, Mitzi M Gonzales, Crystal Wiedner, Chen-Pin Wang, Qianqian Liu, Joshua C Bis, Zhiguang Li, Jayandra J Himali, Saptaparni Ghosh, Emy A Thomas, Danielle M Parent, Tiffany F Kautz, Matthew P Pase, Hugo J Aparicio, Luc Djoussé, Kenneth J Mukamal, Bruce M Psaty, William T Longstreth, Thomas H Mosley, Vilmundur Gudnason, Djass Mbangdadji, Oscar L Lopez, Kristine Yaffe, Stephen Sidney, R Nick Bryan, Ilya M Nasrallah, Charles S Decarli, Alexa S Beiser, Lenore J Launer, Myriam Fornage, Russell P Tracy, Sudha Seshadri, Claudia L Satizabal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive astrocytosis, colocalizes with neuropathology in the brain. Blood levels of GFAP have been associated with cognitive decline and dementia status. However, further examinations at a population-based level are necessary to broaden generalizability to community settings.

Methods: Circulating GFAP levels were assayed using a Simoa HD-1 analyzer in 4338 adults without prevalent dementia from four longitudinal community-based cohort studies. The associations between GFAP levels with general cognition, total brain volume, and hippocampal volume were evaluated with separate linear regression models in each cohort with adjustment for age, sex, education, …

Concerns About The Use Of Polygenic Embryo Screening For Psychiatric And Cognitive Traits, Todd Lencz, Maya Sabatello, Anna Docherty, Roseann E Peterson, Takahiro Soda, Jehannine Austin, Laura Bierut, David Crepaz-Keay, David Curtis, Franziska Degenhardt, Laura Huckins, Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz, Manuel Mattheisen, Bettina Meiser, Holly Peay, Marcella Rietschel, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Lea K Davis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Private companies have begun offering services to allow parents undergoing in-vitro fertilisation to screen embryos for genetic risk of complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders. This procedure, called polygenic embryo screening, raises several difficult scientific and ethical issues, as discussed in this Personal View. Polygenic embryo screening depends on the statistical properties of polygenic risk scores, which are complex and not well studied in the context of this proposed clinical application. The clinical, social, and ethical implications of polygenic embryo screening have barely been discussed among relevant stakeholders. To our knowledge, the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics is the first professional …

Role Of Sam68 In Sunitinib Induced Renal Cell Carcinoma Apoptosis, Zeshen Wu, Yulu Peng, Longbin Xiong, Jun Wang, Zhen Li, Kang Ning, Minhua Deng, Ning Wang, Wensu Wei, Zhiyong Li, Pei Dong, Chunping Yu, Fangjian Zhou, Zhiling Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Sunitinib is one of the first-line targeted drugs for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with dual effects of antiangiogensis and proapoptosis. Sam68 (Src-associated in mitosis, 68 KDa), is found being involved in cell apoptosis. This article reveals that Sam68 impacts the sensitivity to sunitinib by mediating the apoptosis of RCC cells. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the Sam68 expression levels in sunitinib sensitive tumor tissues were markedly higher than those in sunitinib resistant tumor tissues. Sunitinib induced RCC cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited the expression of total and phosphorylated Sam68 (p-Sam68). Downregulation of Sam68 expression inhibited RCC cell …

Selective Iga Deficiency In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats With Gut Dysbiosis, Piu Saha, Blair Mell, Rachel M Golonka, Venugopal R Bovilla, Ahmed A Abokor, Xue Mei, Beng San Yeoh, Peter A Doris, Andrew T Gewirtz, Bina Joe, Matam Vijay-Kumar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is extensively used to study hypertension. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a notable feature in SHR for reasons unknown. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a major host factor required for gut microbiota homeostasis. We hypothesized that inadequate IgA contributes to gut microbiota dysbiosis in SHR.

METHODS: IgA was measured in feces, cecum, serum, liver, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and milk from SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats. IgA regulatory factors like IgM, IgG, and

RESULTS: Compared with Wistar Kyoto rats, SHR displayed remarkably near-deficient IgA levels accompanied by compensatory increases in serum IgM and IgG and gut-liver

CONCLUSIONS: …

Response To Brentuximab Vedotin By Cd30 Expression In Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Deepa Jagadeesh, Steve Horwitz, Nancy L Bartlett, Youn Kim, Eric Jacobsen, Madeleine Duvic, Meredith Little, William Trepicchio, Keenan Fenton, Matthew Onsum, Julie Lisano, Ranjana Advani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of brentuximab vedotin (BV), an antibody-drug conjugate directed to the CD30 antigen, has been assessed in several trials in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between CD30 expression level and clinical response to BV.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed response in patients treated with BV monotherapy in 5 prospective clinical studies in relapsed or refractory PTCL, CTCL, or B-cell NHL. CD30 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the Ber H2 antibody for 275 patients.

RESULTS: …

Clinical And Pathological Characteristics And Outcomes Among Patients With Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma And Related Adipotropic Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Joan Guitart, Aaron R Mangold, Maria Estela Martinez-Escala, Christina J Walker, Nneka I Comfere, Mellissa Pulitzer, Kerri E Rieger, Carlos A Torres-Cabala, Laura B Pincus, Erica S Kumar, Erica Bo Kyung Wang, Katherine E Park, Maria L Espinosa, Madeleine Duvic, Youn H Kim, Steven Horwitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is a knowledge gap about subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) owing to its rarity and diagnostic difficulty, resulting in an absence of well-documented large case series published to date.

OBJECTIVE: To generate consensus knowledge by a joint multi-institutional review of SPTCL and related conditions.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective clinical and pathological review included cases initially diagnosed as SPTCL at 6 large US academic centers. All cases were reviewed by a group of pathologists, dermatologists, and oncologists with expertise in cutaneous lymphomas. Through a process of group consensus applying defined clinical and pathological diagnostic criteria, the cohort …

Effect Of Nintedanib On Progression Of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Over 100 Weeks: Data From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Shervin Assassi, Oliver Distler, Yannick Allanore, Takashi Ogura, John Varga, Serena Vettori, Bruno Crestani, Florian Voss, Margarida Alves, Susanne Stowasser, Toby M Maher

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: In the SENSCIS trial, participants with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) were randomized to receive nintedanib or placebo until the last participant reached week 52 but for 100 weeks or less. Nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) (ml/year) over 52 weeks by 44% (41 ml [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.9-79.0]) versus placebo. We investigated the effect of nintedanib over the whole SENSCIS trial.

Methods: The annual rate of decline in FVC (ml/year) over the whole trial was assessed descriptively using 1) on-treatment data plus off-treatment data from participants who prematurely discontinued treatment …

Ags And Nia Bench-To Bedside Conference Summary: Cancer And Cardiovascular Disease, Supriya Mohile, Caroline S Blaum, Peter M Abadir, William Dale, Daniel E Forman, Chunkit Fung, Holly M Holmes, Javid Moslehi, Karen M Mustian, Michael W Rich, Heather E Whitson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This report summarizes the presentations, discussions, and recommendations of the most recent American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging research conference, "Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease," on October 18-19, 2021. The purpose of this virtual meeting was to address the interface between cancer and heart disease, which are the two leading causes of death among older Americans. Age-related physiologic changes are implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions. Emerging data suggest that cancer-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves disrupted cell signaling and cellular senescence. The risk factors for CVD are also risk factors for cancer and an increased likelihood of cancer …

Comparative Safety And Effectiveness Of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass And Sleeve Gastrectomy For Weight Loss And Type 2 Diabetes Across Race And Ethnicity In The Pcornet Bariatric Study Cohort, Karen J Coleman, Robert Wellman, Stephanie L Fitzpatrick, Molly B Conroy, Callie Hlavin, Kristina H Lewis, R Yates Coley, Kathleen M Mctigue, Jonathan N Tobin, Corrigan L Mcbride, Jay R Desai, Jeanne M Clark, Sengwee Toh, Jessica L Sturtevant, Casie E Horgan, Meredith C Duke, Neely Williams, Jane Anau, Michael A Horberg, Marc P Michalsky, Andrea J Cook, David E Arterburn, Caroline M Apovian, Pcornet Bariatric Study Collaborative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; yet it is unclear whether the long-term safety and comparative effectiveness of these operations differ across racial and ethnic groups.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) across racial and ethnic groups in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Bariatric Study.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective, observational, comparative effectiveness cohort study that comprised 25 health care systems in the PCORnet Bariatric Study. Patients were adults and adolescents aged 12 to 79 years who underwent a primary (first nonrevisional) RYGB …

American Association Of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines For Adrenalectomy: Executive Summary, Linwah Yip, Quan-Yang Duh, Heather Wachtel, Camilo Jimenez, Cord Sturgeon, Cortney Lee, David Velázquez-Fernández, Eren Berber, Gary D Hammer, Irina Bancos, James A Lee, Jamie Marko, Lilah F Morris-Wiseman, Marybeth S Hughes, Masha J Livhits, Mi-Ah Han, Philip W Smith, Scott Wilhelm, Sylvia L Asa, Thomas J Fahey, Travis J Mckenzie, Vivian E Strong, Nancy D Perrier

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Adrenalectomy is the definitive treatment for multiple adrenal abnormalities. Advances in technology and genomics and an improved understanding of adrenal pathophysiology have altered operative techniques and indications.

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based recommendations to enhance the appropriate, safe, and effective approaches to adrenalectomy.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: A multidisciplinary panel identified and investigated 7 categories of relevant clinical concern to practicing surgeons. Questions were structured in the framework Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome, and a guided review of medical literature from PubMed and/or Embase from 1980 to 2021 was performed. Recommendations were developed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology …

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells For The Treatment Of Alzheimer’S Disease: Strategies And Limitations, Shobha Regmi, Daniel Dan Liu, Michelle Shen, Bhavesh D Kevadiya, Abantika Ganguly, Rosita Primavera, Shashank Chetty, Reza Yarani, Avnesh S Thakor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of age-related dementia and is characterized by progressive brain damage that gradually destroys memory and the ability to learn, which ultimately leads to the decline of a patient's ability to perform daily activities. Although some of the pharmacological treatments of AD are available for symptomatic relief, they are not able to limit the progression of AD and have several side effects. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapeutic option for treating AD due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. MSCs not only secret neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors …

Oxidation Of Two Cysteines Within Yeast Hsp70 Impairs Proteostasis While Directly Triggering An Hsf1-Dependent Cytoprotective Response, Alec Santiago, Kevin A Morano

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases affect millions of Americans every year. One factor linked to the formation of aggregates associated with these diseases is damage sustained to proteins by oxidative stress. Management of protein misfolding by the ubiquitous Hsp70 chaperone family can be modulated by modification of two key cysteines in the ATPase domain by oxidizing or thiol-modifying compounds. To investigate the biological consequences of cysteine modification on the Hsp70 Ssa1 in budding yeast, we generated cysteine null (cysteine to serine) and oxidomimetic (cysteine to aspartic acid) mutant variants of both C264 and C303 and demonstrate …

Wellness In The Face Of Frailty Among Older Adults In First Nations Communities, Morgan Slater, Gabrielle Bruser, Roseanne Sutherland, Melissa K Andrew, Wayne Warry, Kristen M Jacklin, Jennifer D Walker

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: First Nations people report high levels of wellness despite high rates of chronic illness. Our goal was to understand the factors associated with wellness among First Nations adults in Ontario who were considered frail.

METHODS: Using the First Nations Regional Health Survey, we created a profile of First Nations adults (aged 45+) who were categorized as "frail" (weighted sample size = 8121). We used multivariate logistic regression to determine associations between wellness (as measured by self-reported physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual balance) and determinants of health.

RESULTS: Rates of reported wellness were high among those who were frail, ranging …

Epigenetic Modifications And Their Potential Contribution To Traumatic Brain Injury Pathobiology And Outcome, Laura Zima, Rebecca West, Paul Smolen, Nobuhide Kobori, Georgene Hergenroeder, Huimahn A Choi, Anthony N Moore, John B Redell, Pramod K Dash

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Epigenetic information is not permanently encoded in the DNA sequence, but rather consists of reversible, heritable modifications that regulate the gene expression profile of a cell. Epigenetic modifications can result in cellular changes that can be long lasting and include DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA methylation. As epigenetic modifications are reversible, the enzymes that add (epigenetic writers), the proteins that decode (epigenetic readers), and the enzymes that remove (epigenetic erasers) these modifications can be targeted to alter cellular function and disease biology. While epigenetic modifications and their contributions are intense topics of current research in the context …