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Response Of Soil Properties To 23-25 Years Of Diverse Crop Rotations And Tillage Systems In South Dakota, Usa, Abdullah H. Alhameid
Response Of Soil Properties To 23-25 Years Of Diverse Crop Rotations And Tillage Systems In South Dakota, Usa, Abdullah H. Alhameid
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Diverse cropping systems and no-till (NT) are beneficial in improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and other soils properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactions and impacts of long-term tillage and diverse crop rotation systems on soil quality indicators that include a range of soil chemical, physical, hydrological, and microbial properties. The study was established in 1991 at Beresford, South Dakota and included three crop rotation systems [2-yr; maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.), 3-yr; maize-soybean-oat (Avena sativa L.), and 4-yr; maize-soybean-oat-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)] managed under two tillage systems (NT and CT; conventional- tillage). Soil sampling …
Encouraging Organic Agriculture: The Effects Of Conversion Subsidies, Sarah Adams Inkoom
Encouraging Organic Agriculture: The Effects Of Conversion Subsidies, Sarah Adams Inkoom
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the importance of conversional subsidies in accounting for an increase in organic acreage in the 12 North-Central States in the United States. Monthly time series data that spans from January 2002 to December 2014 was used in the analysis. Empirical evidence suggests that increase in organic acreage is due in part to the availability of conversion subsidies. Without government assistance, most small-scale farmers are not sufficiently motivated to switch to organic production due to the high initial costs involved in transitioning. Further, increased institutional support could facilitate organic adoption and its absence is detrimental to increasing the …
Health-Promoting Behaviors, Hope, And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Persons Impacted By Parkinson’S Disease, Amy K. Forbes
Health-Promoting Behaviors, Hope, And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Persons Impacted By Parkinson’S Disease, Amy K. Forbes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between hope, health-promoting behaviors, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in persons with Parkinson’s disease.
Background: The incidence of Parkinson’s disease is high in Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States. Parkinson’s disease affects motor and non-motor symptoms and has a variety of complications. Parkinson’s disease is related to genetic and environmental factors. HRQOL decreases in Parkinson’s disease; thus, the effect of hope and health-promoting behaviors on health is crucial as the disease advances.
Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used to guide the study. A convenience sample …
Electrochemical Sensor For Metal Ions And Phosphate Ion Detection For Biomedical And Agriculture Application, Md Faisal Kabir
Electrochemical Sensor For Metal Ions And Phosphate Ion Detection For Biomedical And Agriculture Application, Md Faisal Kabir
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this work was to develop electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions (e.g., Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+) and phosphate detections in fertilizers with high sensitivity, high detection range, repeatability and portability. The heavy metal electrochemical sensors were made using novel graphene oxide/silver nanowire (GO/AgNWs) composite as working electrode. The phosphate electrochemical sensors were fabricated using ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate/silver nanowires (AMT/AgNWs) modified screen printed electrode. Most of the heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic have dangerous effects on human body. These ions can enter human body system via agriculture food chain …
The Effects Of A Blend Of Essential Oils On Rumen Efficiency Of Lactating Dairy Cows, Kali Linville
The Effects Of A Blend Of Essential Oils On Rumen Efficiency Of Lactating Dairy Cows, Kali Linville
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of SS a blend of commercially available essential oils (EO) on rumen microbial efficiency and kinetics, and consequently, effects on production parameters of dairy cows fed a low-starch diet and in vitro analysis of varying doses of SS on ruminal fermentation at different stages of lactation. The study consisted of two experiments, the in vivo Experiment 1, was conducted on a commercial robotic dairy in southwest Minnesota outfitted with two Lely Astronaut A4robotic milking units (Goter’s Clay & Dairy Equipment of MN, INC., Pipestone, MN). One hundred-seven Holstein cows were …
Effect Of Ultrasonication On Biofilm Forming Ability Of Common Dairy Sporeformers, Taghreed Almalki
Effect Of Ultrasonication On Biofilm Forming Ability Of Common Dairy Sporeformers, Taghreed Almalki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sporeformers are common dairy contaminants, which are of a great concern to the dairy industry. Quality of dairy products is affected by these sporeformers such as Bacillus species, which are a significant cause of spoilage of dairy products. Thermal processes such as pasteurization have been used to inactivate pathogens, but some of the sporeformers and their endospores are resistant to such heat treatments. Beside thermal treatments, various new approaches are being developed to improve the quality of dairy products. Amongst these, ultrasonication is a promising non-thermal technique for the inactivation of thermoduric sporeformers and their endospores. Current study was carried …
Relationship Of Stress, Sleep, Physical Activity, And Food Insecurity On Eating Behaviors And Obesity, Amy Lee Richards
Relationship Of Stress, Sleep, Physical Activity, And Food Insecurity On Eating Behaviors And Obesity, Amy Lee Richards
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is an urgent need to find effective interventions to prevent and reduce obesity as it is associated with chronic disease and decreased quality of life. Gaining a better understanding of how modifiable variables such as stress, sleep, physical activity, and food insecurity are related to eating behaviors associated with obesity is essential to guide the direction of future interventions and research. Interventions that hold promise need to be tested to determine if they have merit or not. This dissertation presents three papers. Two papers are cross-sectional studies evaluating associations between eating behaviors, obesity, and modifiable variables (stress, sleep, physical …
Cardiovascular Risk, Remote Ischemic Postconditioning, And Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Brian A. Hemenway
Cardiovascular Risk, Remote Ischemic Postconditioning, And Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Brian A. Hemenway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Remote ischemic postconditioning (rIpost) is a potent vasculoprotective stimulus that is thought to reduce reperfusion injury associated with heart disease. However, certain animal models of cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension suggest the beneficial effects of rIpost to lessen reperfusion injury may be diminished. These findings have not been studied in clinically relevant humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether the protective effects of rIpost are reduced in the context of raised cardiometabolic risk in humans. Seven participants with raised cardiometabolic risk burden (age:57±7 years; BMI: 31±4kgm2participated in this 2X2 randomized cross-over …
Let Them Eat Beef: Effects Of Beef Consumption On Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome, Kristin L. Olson
Let Them Eat Beef: Effects Of Beef Consumption On Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome, Kristin L. Olson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To determine the effects of a diet that provides 30% energy from protein with ½ as lean, red meat on risk factors of metabolic syndrome in humans. This pilot study was a 3- month, randomized, control, intervention trial with 33 participants (Beef-Intervention n=18; DASH-Control n=15) who displayed markers of metabolic syndrome. Registered Dietitians Nutritionists recruited and educated participants on Beef-Intervention Lean Beef Pattern, (30% of energy from protein with ½ as lean red meat, 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or DASH-Control dietary pattern, (15% of energy from protein, 55% carbohydrate and 30 % fat). Of the 33 participants who completed the …
Effects Of Phase Feeding During Gestation On Gilt Performance, Offspring Quality And Robustness, Agatha Ampaire
Effects Of Phase Feeding During Gestation On Gilt Performance, Offspring Quality And Robustness, Agatha Ampaire
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A total of 51 gilts in 6 blocks were randomly assigned to one of 3 feeding regimens: Constant (Constant-f), 2.21 kg/d of a standard diet from breeding to d 112 of gestation (1.7 g Lys/kcal ME; 3276 kcal ME/kg); Bump feeding (Bump-f), the standard diet at 2.21 kg/d from breeding to d 89 and 2.61 kg/d from d 90 - 112; Phase feeding (Phase-f ), 2.21 kg/d from breeding to d 89 (1.5 g Lys/kcal ME; 3275 kcal ME/kg) and 2.61 kg/d from d 90 - 112 (2.1 g Lys/Kcal ME; 3290 Kcal ME/kg) over 2 reproductive cycles. Sows received …
The Relationship Between Relative Strength Levels To Sprinting Performance In Collegiate 100-400m Sprinters, Philip Reuer
The Relationship Between Relative Strength Levels To Sprinting Performance In Collegiate 100-400m Sprinters, Philip Reuer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between relative maximal (1RM) strength (i.e. back squat and power clean) to sprinting performance in 60-400m collegiate sprinters. A secondary purpose was to determine the distribution of athletes within the theoretical relationship between relative squat strength and performance capabilities. Fifty-six (n = 56) male and sixty-four (n = 64) female collegiate track and field sprinters were observed from DI (n = 88) and DII schools (n = 32) that participated in a year round strength and conditioning program. Maximal strength was divided by body weight to calculate relative strength and …
Associations Between Child Weight Status And The Home Environment: An Analysis Of Parental Eating Policies, Emily Smith
Associations Between Child Weight Status And The Home Environment: An Analysis Of Parental Eating Policies, Emily Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Childhood obesity is a complex issue common in the U.S. today as it not only is associated with health-threatening comorbidities, but also increases a child’s likelihood of becoming overweight or obese during adulthood. Because of its complexity, several factors, including parents and the home environment, must be considered when assessing child weight status and also when aiming to prevent or treat childhood obesity.
Objective: To investigate specific food rules practiced within the home environment that are influencing child weight status and to identify if these rules contrast among children who are normal weight and those who are overweight/obese. Methods: …
Effectiveness Of A Shoulder Strengthening Intervention On The Incidence Rate Of Glenohumeral Joint Instability Injuries, Michael Aderman
Effectiveness Of A Shoulder Strengthening Intervention On The Incidence Rate Of Glenohumeral Joint Instability Injuries, Michael Aderman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Context: Shoulder injuries are frequently sustained in American football due to the contact and collision aspect of the sport. Injuries to the shoulder account for about 10% to 20% of all musculoskeletal injuries that occur in football and the shoulder is the fourth most commonly injured joint behind the hand, knee and ankle. The effectiveness of the dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint is a factor that could affect the rate of injuries that occur at the joint. The CKCUEST has been shown to be an effective test for assessing the dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint.
Objective: The purpose …
Diet Quality And Food Insecurity Among University Students: The Role Of Food Preparation Ability, Katharine Halfacre
Diet Quality And Food Insecurity Among University Students: The Role Of Food Preparation Ability, Katharine Halfacre
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Nitrate Supplementation On Exercise Tolerance And Performance: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Gavin Van De Walle
The Effect Of Nitrate Supplementation On Exercise Tolerance And Performance: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Gavin Van De Walle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the current literature and evaluate the overall efficacy of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance and performance by meta-analysis. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: 1) were an experimental trial published in an English peer-reviewed journal; 2) compared the effects of inorganic nitrate consumption with a non-bioactive supplement control or placebo; 3) used a quantifiable measure of exercise performance; and 4) was carried out in apparently healthy participants without disease. A total of 29 studies were identified that investigated the effects of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance …
The Effect Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness On Jumping Mechanics And Performance, Ryan J. Engels
The Effect Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness On Jumping Mechanics And Performance, Ryan J. Engels
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is an exercise-induced muscle soreness resulting from high-intensity eccentric muscular contractions. DOMS appears to be more prevalent in athletes at the beginning of an athletic season or when new movements or exercise are first introduced. The acute effect of DOMS on jumping mechanics is currently unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of delayed onset muscle soreness on vertical jump performance and jumping mechanics. METHODS: Twenty college aged, recreationally active males participated in this study (age: 21.54 ± 2.61; height: 1.82 ± 0.067; mass: 81.36 ± 9.53). Participants were …
Studying Microflora Of Semi-Hard Cheese, And Sporulation Within Contact Surface Biofilms, Dalia Khan
Studying Microflora Of Semi-Hard Cheese, And Sporulation Within Contact Surface Biofilms, Dalia Khan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The first study was conducted on commercial Italian semi-hard cheese samples that were analyzed microbiologically to understand the effect of fast and slow rate of cooling on cheese microflora during ripening process at different temperatures. A cheese plant noticed an active growth of non-starter lactic acid bacteria, especially the heterofermentative bacteria, in ripened cheese blocks, which weren’t fully cooled. For that, three cheese sample sets, each having 8 samples, were received from the cheese plant for microbiological analysis. The first set included a group of fast cooled cheese samples to 38°F, and the other group was slow cooled to 50°F. …
Mitigating Risks Of Ochratoxin A Contamination In Oats, Bandana Dhungana
Mitigating Risks Of Ochratoxin A Contamination In Oats, Bandana Dhungana
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by several species of fungal genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. The major OTA producer in temperate regions (i.e. U.S., Canada, Europe) is Penicillium verrucosum. Oat (Avena sativa), like any other cereal grain, can be contaminated with OTA when storage conditions are favorable for fungal growth. The presence of OTA exceeding the European Union maximum limit of 3 ppb in processed food has been reported in some samples of oat-based breakfast cereals from the US. The use of oat genotypes with limited OTA accumulation would be an effective way to …
Managing Phomopsis Stem Canker Of Sunflower Using Improved Diagnosis And Quantification Of The Causal Pathogens, Taylor Rae Olson
Managing Phomopsis Stem Canker Of Sunflower Using Improved Diagnosis And Quantification Of The Causal Pathogens, Taylor Rae Olson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phomopsis stem canker is a disease that severely affects sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in the United States. From 2001 to 2015, disease prevalence has increased from 1.5% to 61%, and two new causal agents, Diaporthe gulyae and Diaporthe stewartii, have been described along with Diaporthe helianthi, which was always regarded as the main causal pathogen of the disease. At this time, options to manage the disease are limited. Currently, no commercial sunflower hybrids have resistance to all three species of Diaporthe, and no fungicides are labeled for control of Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower in the United …
Perimeter Cropping As A Means Of Reducing Insect Injury And Increasing Crop Yield, Brett L. Owens
Perimeter Cropping As A Means Of Reducing Insect Injury And Increasing Crop Yield, Brett L. Owens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The squash vine borer, Melittia cucurbitae Harris, (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is a destructive insect known to injure a broad range of cucurbit crops. Many studies have focused on insecticide management of this insect in squash (Cucurbita) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus) production; however, little work has been documented on organic approaches to reduce or eliminate injury from this pest to these crops in the Midwest. This study used trap cropping and pollinator mixtures to test whether a reduction of squash vine borer could be achieved in a specific cultivar of pumpkins, Cucurbita pepo ‘Howden’. The study was …
A Pilot Study Of A Summer School Food Backpack Program For Students And Their Caregivers, Brittany Thompson
A Pilot Study Of A Summer School Food Backpack Program For Students And Their Caregivers, Brittany Thompson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: High levels of obesity among children have become the nation’s most prevalent health condition. Individuals that live in low-income areas often face multiple risk factors that can lead to obesity. Few interventions have been conducted that include school-based nutrition education and food preparation classes that are paired with a backpack of food.
Objective: Determine if the program ingredients were used at home, if the necessary cooking tools were available and if the overall awareness and motivation to eat healthier was increased. Also, too determine if student and parent responses correlate for future research.
Methods: A convivence …
Assessment Of Nutritional Counseling Frequency On Weight Status In Renal Transplant Recipients, Kelly Butler
Assessment Of Nutritional Counseling Frequency On Weight Status In Renal Transplant Recipients, Kelly Butler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: The goal of this study was to determine if there is an association between educational interventions by a RD and weight in the twelve months’ post-transplantation. A secondary aim is to study trends in blood lipid profiles in participants and the number of times visited with a RD.
Methods: A retrospective study of electronic medical records from consenting, de-identified RTR at a Midwest transplant center were collected. Specific biological and anthropometric measures were analyzed.
Results: Patients that met with the out-patient dietitian more frequently (4 to 9 times) experienced less weight gain than patients that only saw the …
Improvement Of Milling And Nutritional Quality Characteristics Of Oats Through Genomic Selection, Sudha Neupane Adhikari
Improvement Of Milling And Nutritional Quality Characteristics Of Oats Through Genomic Selection, Sudha Neupane Adhikari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Oats can lower cholesterol, reduce risks of type-2 diabetes, and help prevent heart diseases when consumed daily. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and select breeding lines with desirable milling and nutritional quality traits. Genomic selection, which uses genotyping data to predict the breeding value of an individual, is a promising method to increase genetic gain by selecting for quality traits earlier in the line development process. In this study, we collected phenotypic data for three nutritional traits (protein, β- glucan, and fat content) and five milling quality traits (percent plumps, percent thins, percent plump groat, groat percent and thousand …
Effects Of Specific Home Environment Factors On A Child's Weight, Molly Millage
Effects Of Specific Home Environment Factors On A Child's Weight, Molly Millage
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: In 2011-2014 8.9% of children 2-5 years old were classified as obese. Obesity in children predisposes them to negative health and psychological consequences. One of the most significant factors that influences a child is the physical environment the child is exposed to, which includes the home environment.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine how the home environment ie. cooking equipment, food preparation/availability, and frequency of family meals eaten at home, contribute to childhood obesity in children 3-5 years old.
Design: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the iGrow Readers study.
Participants/setting: Total of 229 parent/child …
Effects Of Root Isoflavonoids And Hairy Root Transformation On The Soybean Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Structure, Laura White
Effects Of Root Isoflavonoids And Hairy Root Transformation On The Soybean Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Structure, Laura White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Rhizodeposits play a key role in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities. In soybean, isoflavonoids are a key rhizodeposit component that aid in plant defense and enable symbiotic associations with rhizobia. However, it is uncertain if and how they influence rhizosphere microbial communities. Isoflavonoid biosynthesis was silenced via RNA interference of isoflavone synthase in soybean hairy root composite plants. Successive sonication was implemented to isolate soil fractions from 3 different rhizosphere zones at 1 and 3 weeks post planting. PCR amplicons from 16S rRNA gene variable regions V1- V3 and V3-V5 from these soil fractions were analyzed via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis …
Common Trend In Wic And Non Wic Breastfeeding Rate: A Cointegration Approach Of Panel And Time Series Data, Nazia Azim
Common Trend In Wic And Non Wic Breastfeeding Rate: A Cointegration Approach Of Panel And Time Series Data, Nazia Azim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the trend of WIC (Women Infants and Children) and non WIC breastfeeding rates in U.S.A. WIC is a special supplemental nutrition program by USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). Time and panel data series have been used for 50 states of U.S.A and D.C (District of Columbia) to analyze the common trend between the two breastfeeding rates (time series data for 35 years and panel data series for 28 years). To determine the common trend, I used residual based cointegration for time series and recently developed error correction based cointegration for panel data series. I also constructed …
Local And Systemic Actions Of Gnrh Relating To Estradiol And Associated Reproductive Parameters In Beef Cattle, Jerica J.J. Rich
Local And Systemic Actions Of Gnrh Relating To Estradiol And Associated Reproductive Parameters In Beef Cattle, Jerica J.J. Rich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In cattle, estradiol is responsible for modulating many mechanisms involved in successful reproduction. Specifically estradiol is the primary signal for the initiation of standing estrus (Allrich, 1994), and cattle expressing estrus prior to fixed time AI (FTAI) have been reported to have increased preovulatory estradiol concentrations (Perry and Perry, 2008) and increased pregnancy success compared to animals that did not exhibit estrus (Richardson et al., 2016). Gonadotropin releasing hormone, classically, stimulates estradiol production via the two-cell two-gonadotropin hypothesis (Fortune and Quirk, 1988), and GnRH administered systemically in small doses (5 μg) has been reported to elicit an LH pulse similar …
Differential Gene Expression In Two Nodule Zones Of Soybean, Sunita Pathak
Differential Gene Expression In Two Nodule Zones Of Soybean, Sunita Pathak
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soybean, a leguminous plant and rhizobia establishes symbiotic relationships, forming root nodules. Nodule organogenesis starts with cortical cell division forming infection and parenchyma zones which houses N-fixing bacteria and block O2 for nitrogenase enzyme function, respectively. The mechanism by which root cortical cells give rise to two structurally and functionally different nodule tissues is not known. One approach to address this knowledge gap is to evaluate global gene expression patterns in these two tissue types during nodule development. Using INTACT method, we developed two promoters, ENOD2 (nodule parenchyma) and ENOD40 (infection zone) driven nuclear envelope biotin tagging constructs and isolated …
Genetic Factors Associated With Thermal Tolerance In Grow-Finish Pigs As Measured By Feeding Behavior, Amanda Jeanne Cross
Genetic Factors Associated With Thermal Tolerance In Grow-Finish Pigs As Measured By Feeding Behavior, Amanda Jeanne Cross
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objectives of this study were: one, use electronic monitoring to determine feeding behavior patterns of grow-finish pigs throughout the year and to identify changes that occurred during heat stress events, and second, identify genetic markers associated with changes in feeding behavior due to heat stress. Pigs were placed in a grow-finish barn at approximately eight to ten weeks of age in 6 pens of 40 animals and monitored for 4-months. Gilts and barrows were from three different sire breeds, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire. Each pen had one feeder, designed to feed 5 animals at a time. Feeders were fitted …
Understanding The Impact Of Extrusion Processing On Rheological, Textural And Functional Properties Of High-Protein, High-Fiber Extrudates, Poonam Singha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Extrusion processing is a technology widely used to make ready-to-eat snack and breakfast cereal products. Expanded products mainly consists of high levels of starch resulting in optimal texture and consumer acceptance. However, these products are usually low in nutritional value. One of the many alternatives are to combine legumes and cereals to improve the protein quality of the product. Another possibility is to enhance the nutritional value by incorporating fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are consistently under-consumed by the American population and incorporation into extruded products may help increase the intake of important nutrients, such as dietary fiber. The …