Digital Commons Network^™

Volume Management In San Environment, Chang-Soo Kim, Gyoung-Bae Kim, Bum-Joo Shin

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Logical volume managers have long been key components of a storage system. Their key features are creation of logical or virtual views of physical storage devices and support for various software RAID levels. These make it possible to overcome the limits to capacity, availability and performance of a physical storage device. Most logical volume managers are operated in a single system environment. They are not adequate for SAN (storage area network) environments where several hosts share and access a logical volume at the same time. Some recent logical volume managers are run in a multi-host environment. However, they cannot support …

Detection And Classification Of Impact-Induced Damage In Composite Plates Using Neural Networks, Rohit Dua, Steve Eugene Watkins, Donald C. Wunsch, K. Chandrashekhara, Farhad Akhavan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Artificial neutral networks (ANN) can be used as an online health monitoring systems (involving damage assessment, fatigue monitoring and delamination detection) for composite structures owing to their inherent fast computing speeds, parallel processing and ability to learn and adapt to the experimental data. The amount of impact-induced strain on a composite structure can be found using strain sensors attached to composite structures. Prior work has shown that strain-based ANN can characterize impact energy on composite plates and that strain signatures can be associated with damage types and severity. This paper reports the extension of this approach for damage classification using …

Dynamic Resource Allocation For Network Echo Cancellation, T. Gansler, J. Benesty, M. Mohan Sondhi, Steven L. Grant

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Network echo canceler chips are designed to handle several channels simultaneously. With the processing speeds now available, a single chip might handle several hundred channels. In current implementations, however, the adaptation algorithm is designed for a single channel, and the computations are replicated N c times, where N c is the number of channels. With such an implementation, the computational requirement is N c times the peak load for a single channel. The number of computations required in each channel, however, varies widely over time. Therefore, a considerable reduction in computational load can be achieved by designing the system for …

Estimation Of Printed Circuit Board Power Bus Noise At Resonance Using A Simple Transmission Line Model, H. Hu, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The maximum coupling between printed circuit board components connected to the same power-ground plane pair often occurs at or near power bus resonances. Theoretically, the transfer coefficient, S 21 , between two locations on the power bus can be as high as 0dB (i.e. perfect coupling) near resonant frequencies. However, in practice the coupling is usually much less due to losses in the power bus structure. Determining exactly what the maximum coupling will be in a lossy power bus structure requires a numerical model or measurement. However, an estimation of the maximum coupling can be obtained by drawing an analogy …

High-Power Microwave Wideband Random Signal Measurement And Narrowband Signal Detection Against The Noise Background, Marina Koledintseva, Alexander A. Kitaytsev, V. A. Konkin

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method of both measurement of power parameters of a microwave wideband intense random signal and detection of a narrow-band signal with unknown frequency and power against a background of this wideband signal is presented. This method is based on nonheterodyne frequency and power conversion using a gyromagnetic converter that operates in two regimes: resonance detection and cross-multiplication. The wideband spectrum envelope of a random signal is visualized, and by switching two regimes and using correspondent filtration of the converted RF signal, the narrowband signals can be detected and measured. The block-scheme and operation of a two-channel measuring device combining …

Measurement And Monitoring Of Microwave Reflection And Transmission Properties Of Cement-Based Materials For Propagation Modeling, Sergey Kharkovsky, U. C. Hasar, M. F. Akay, C. D. Atis

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A non-destructive, contactless, free-space method is used for measuring and monitoring the properties of cement-based materials. We analyse the propagation factor, penetration depth and reflection and transmission coefficients of the plane wave interacting with the highly lossy specimen. Results are presented of the measurement and monitoring of the properties of cement-based materials during all stages of their lives and different curing conditions The expected applications of the results for propagation modelling are discussed.

The Design And Analysis Of An Analog Ratio Spectrum Circuit, Liping Deng, John G. Harris

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The ratio spectrum (RS) is a novel method for signal analysis that has been successfully demonstrated for speech recognition and coding applications. In this paper, an improved RS circuit with an adaptive tenth-order Butterworth low-pass filter has been designed. We also present the first convergence analysis of the ratio spectrum. We derive linearized convergence expressions for the RS and compare the theoretical predictions to circuit simulations. © 2001 IEEE.

Voltage Stability Analysis: V-Q Power Flow Simulation Versus Dynamic Simulation, Badrul H. Chowdhury, C. W. Taylor

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Several analysis methods are available for long-term voltage stability. The V-Q curve power flow method is widely used by Western Systems Coordinating Council utilities, and has some advantages. Long-term dynamic simulation with proper modeling, however, is clearly the most accurate simulation method. The authors compare the two methods for wintertime voltage stability problems in the Portland, Oregon, USA, load area. Results from the V-Q method can be misleading. The same is true of other power flow program based analysis employing conventional modeling. Results from these power flow methods may be pessimistic, causing overdesign or overly conservative operation.

Nonlinear Parameter Estimation Of Excitation Systems, Rajeev Bhaskar, Mariesa Crow, Eric Ludwig, Kelvin T. Erickson, Kirit S. Shah

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper details the nonlinear parameter estimation process of an IEEE AC1A type exciter using time-domain system identification techniques. This paper discusses nonlinear parameter estimation techniques, systematic and random noise mitigation strategies, and system validation. This study establishes a strong basis for excitation system parameter estimation.

Laboratories Teaching Concepts In Microcontrollers And Hardware-Software Co-Design, Daryl G. Beetner, Hardy J. Pottinger, Kyle Mitchell

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hardware software co-design is becoming increasingly important to the embedded systems industry. It will soon be fundamental to digital systems design. As such, students in electrical and computer engineering and in computer science should be introduced to hardware-software co-design early in their undergraduate education.

We are designing laboratory modules which introduce concepts of hardware-software co-design in an undergraduate's first course on microcontrollers and digital systems design. Students use design automation tools to develop FPGA-based hardware for use with an 8051-microcontroller and use common software development tools to develop microcontroller software in C or assembly language. Co-simulation of hardware and software …

Dc Power Bus Modeling Using A Circuit Extraction Approach Based On A Mixed-Potential Integral Equation Formulation And An Iterative Equation Solver, Jun Fan, James L. Drewniak, James L. Knighten

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A quick and simple approach is developed to perform circuit simulations for an equivalent circuit extracted from a first principles formulation for DC power bus structures. The simulations are done by solving the system equation using an iterative method. Good agreement between modeling and measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, which is very suitable and computationally efficient for frequency-domain DC power modeling.

Statcom Control For Power System Voltage Control Applications, Pranesh Rao, Zhiping Yang, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A static compensator (STATCOM) is a device that can provide reactive support to a bus. It consists of voltage sourced converters connected to an energy storage device on one side and to the power system on the other. In this paper the conventional method of PI control is compared and contrasted with various feedback control strategies. A linear optimal control based on LQR control is shown to be superior in terms of response profile and control effort required. These methodologies are applied to an example power system

Dc Power Bus Design With Fdtd Modeling Including A Dispersive Media, Xiaoning Ye, Jun Fan, Marina Koledintseva, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

DC power-bus modeling in high-speed digital design using the FDTD method is reported here. The dispersive medium is approximated by a Debye model to account for the loss. A wide band frequency response (100 MHz-5 GHz) is obtained through a single FDTD simulation. Favorable agreement is achieved between the modeled and measured results for a typical DC power-bus structure with multiple SMT decoupling capacitors mounted on the board. The FDTD tool is then applied to investigate the effects of local decoupling on a DC power-bus. The modeled results agree with the results from another modeling tool, the CEMPIE (a circuit …

Performance Monitoring In Umr's Solar Car, Louis Mccarthy, Josh Pieper, Aaron Rues, Cheng-Hsiao Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We describe the instrumentation in UMR's solar car. Accurate knowledge of the operating parameters inside the solar car is shown to be crucial to maintaining high efficiency and reliability. The power trackers keep the solar array operating at its highest efficiency by conditioning the input and maintaining the maximum power point of the solar cells.

Process Modeling, Monitoring And Control Of Laser Metal Forming, N. Munjuluri, Sanjeev Agarwal, Frank W. Liou

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Laser Metal Forming (LMF) process is one of the prominent Rapid Prototyping (RP) process that can be used to develop functional and fully dense metal parts. This paper addresses process modeling, monitoring and control of a laser metal forming system currently under development at Laser Aided Manufacturing Processes (LAMP) laboratory at University of Missouri--Rolla. This LMF system is based on a 2.5kW Nd:YAG laser as energy source and integrates five axis metal deposition and five axis machining. The current paper is aimed at characterization of effects of operating parameters such as traverse speed, mass flow-rate and laser power on the …

Emi From Airflow Aperture Arrays In Shielding Enclosures-Experiments, Fdtd, And Mom Modeling, Min Li, Joe Nuebel, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Aperture arrays designed to provide airflow through shielding enclosures can provide part of the coupling path from interior sources to external electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this work, radiation through aperture arrays is investigated numerically and experimentally. FDTD modeling is compared with measurements on aperture arrays in a test enclosure. The method of moments (MoM) is also utilized to study radiation from apertures and to investigate the mutual coupling between apertures in an infinite conducting plane. A simple design equation for the relation between aperture size and number and shielding effectiveness is proposed.

Quantifying Decoupling Capacitor Location, Jun Fan, James L. Knighten, Antonio Orlandi, Norman W. Smith, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Decoupling capacitor location in DC power bus design is a critical design choice for which proven guidelines are not well established. The mutual inductance between two closely spaced vias can have a great impact on the coupling between an IC and a decoupling capacitor. This coupling is a function of the spacing between the IC and capacitor, and spacing between power and ground layers. The impact of the mutual inductance on decoupling, i.e., local versus global decoupling, was studied, using a circuit extraction approach based on a mixed-potential integral equation. Modeling indicates that local decoupling has benefits over global decoupling …

Experimental And Fdtd Study Of The Emi Performance Of An Open-Pin-Field Connector For Modules-On-Backplanes, Xiaoning Ye, Jim Nadolny, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff, Thomas Van Doren, Todd H. Hubing

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Experimental measurements and numerical modeling were used to study the EMI performance of a module-on-backplane connector for various configurations of signal-return pin-outs. A commercially available open-pin-field connector was used in these results to connect between the mother-board and the daughter-card. The experimental techniques, based on measuring |S₂₁|, included both common-mode current measurements and monopole near-field probe measurements. The FDTD method was used to provide numerical support of the near-field measurements and generally agreed with the measured results for frequencies up to 3 GHz. The FDTD method was also used to investigate the relationship between the radiated EMI at …

Experimental And Numerical Study Of The Radiation From Microstrip Bends, H. Wang, Yun Ji, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Thomas Van Doren, Richard E. Dubroff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper investigates the radiation from microstrip lines with 90-degree bends. A 1-GHz TEM cell is used to measure the radiation from microstrip lines with different kinds of bends. A full wave hybrid FEM/MoM code is used to compute the radiation. Both experimental and numerical results show that there is no significant difference between the radiation from right angle bends and bends with two 45-degree corners at frequencies and trace dimensions that are likely to be found on printed circuit boards.

Distributed Arithmetic Implementation Of Multivariable Controllers For Smart Structural Systems, Lingfeng Yuan, Sridhar Sana, Hardy J. Pottinger, Vittal S. Rao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Smart structural systems require the electronic control systems which are integrated into the structures to be small, lightweight and power-efficient. The field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a good platform to implement such controllers. In our previous work, FPGA-based digital controllers were built and tested on a simple structural system. In order to implement multivariable controllers, the hardware resources for FPGA-based architecture need to be further reduced. Distributed arithmetic (DA) has long been proven to be a very efficient means to mechanize computations that are dominated by inner products involving constant multiplicand. The computational requirements of the smart structural controllers …

Fdtd And Fem/Mom Modeling Of Emi Resulting From A Trace Near A Pcb Edge, Daniel P. Berg, Motoshi Tanaka, Yun Ji, Xiaoning Ye, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Richard E. Dubroff, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

PCB traces routed near board edges and carrying high-speed signals are considered to contribute to EMI problems. Consequently, design maxims state that traces that might have intentional or unintentional high frequency components on them be kept away from board edges. This costs valuable surface area as boards become more densely designed. Further, design maxims concerning traces near board edges are not well quantified. The increase in EMI as a trace is routed increasingly closer to the PCB edge has been studied experimentally and with numerical modeling.

Finite Element Modeling Of Patch Antenna And Cavity Sources, Yun Ji, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper examines two different approaches that can be used to model patch antennas and cavities fed by a coaxial cable. The probe model represents the feed as a current filament along the center conductor of the coaxial cable. The coaxial-cable model enforces the analytical field distribution at the cable opening. These two models have been implemented in a hybrid FEM/MoM code. A power bus structure and a cavity geometry with coaxial-cable feeds are investigated. Numerical results obtained for these two examples are compared with measurements. It is shown that the probe model should only be applied to electrically short …

The Emi Benefits Of Ground Plane Stitching In Multi-Layer Power Bus Stacks, Xiaoning Ye, David M. Hockanson, Min Li, Wei Cui, S. Radu, James L. Drewniak, Thomas Van Doren, Todd H. Hubing, Richard E. Dubroff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect on EMI of stitching multiple ground planes together along the periphery of multi-layer PCB stacks is studied. Power bus noise induced EMI and radiation from the board edges is the major concern herein. The EMI at 3 meters for different via stitch spacing and layer thickness is modeled with FDTD modeling. It is shown that the ground plane stitching effectively reduces the radiated EMI that results from fringing fields at the power bus edges. Two families of curves are generated to demonstrate the variation of the radiated EMI as a function of layer thickness and stitch spacing. Further …

Development Of A Closed-Form Expression For The Input Impedance Of Power-Ground Plane Structures, Minjia Xu, Yun Ji, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper analyzes the fundamental behavior of PCB power bus structures using the modal expansion method. The results are validated by experiments and full-wave numerical modeling. It is shown that the power bus can be modeled as a series L_eC circuit below the first board resonance frequency. C is the interplane capacitance and L_e is an effective inductance contributed by all the cavity nodes. The effects of the layer thickness, port location, board size and the feeding wire radius on the value of L_e are discussed in this study. L_e can be estimated from the …

Emc Analysis Of An 18" Lcd Monitor, Theodore M. Zeeff, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes a case study covering the evaluation and reduction of the radiated EMI from an 18 inches Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor. The evaluation was completed in two parts: first potential EMI sources at the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) level were identified, then the EMI antennas driven by these sources were analyzed. Methods for reducing the EMI were described in detail, and where applicable, those modifications were applied. Radiated measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of these recommendations.

Experimental Evaluation Of Power Bus Decoupling On A 4-Layer Printed Circuit Board, Juan Chen, Minjia Xu, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Thomas Van Doren, Richard E. Dubroff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The switching of active devices on printed circuit boards (PCBs) can cause a momentary surge or drop in the power bus voltage. Decoupling capacitors are often utilized to alleviate this problem. They help to stabilize the power bus voltage by supplying transient current to active devices. The decoupling strategy, including where to place the high-frequency decoupling capacitors, is often a topic of debate. This paper examines the effect of decoupling capacitor placement on a 4-layer printed circuit board. Some design guidelines are provided.

Role Of Laboratory Education In Power Engineering: Is The Virtual Laboratory Feasible? Part I, S. Iwamoto, G. G. Karady, Kraig J. Olejniczak, H. A. Mantooth, Mariesa Crow, Gerald T. Heydt

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

IEEE PES sponsors a panel session in the summer power meeting in Seattle on laboratory education in power engineering. Six short papers and one full paper summarize the opinions of the panelist. This paper contains the summary of four of the presentations. The objective of the panel is to discuss the role of laboratory education in power engineering at both the graduate and undergraduate level. The question is what type of laboratory course is needed? Power electronics, electric machines, system simulation, etc? the second objective is to assess the status and value of computer based virtual laboratories. This includes the …

An Improved Statcom Model For Power Flow Analysis, Zhiping Yang, Chen Shen, Lingli Zhang, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The StatCom is traditionally modeled for power flow analysis as a PV or PQ bus depending on its primary application. The active power is either set to zero (neglecting the StatCom losses) or calculated iteratively. The StatCom voltage and reactive power compensation are usually related through the magnetics of the StatCom. This traditional power flow model of the StatCom neglects the impact of the high-frequency effects and the switching characteristics of the power electronics on the active power losses and the reactive power injection (absorption). In this paper, the authors propose a new StatCom model appropriate for power flow analysis …

A Common-Mode Current Measurement Technique For Emi Performance Evaluation Of Pcb Structures, Xiaoning Ye, David M. Hockanson, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An experimental technique that measures the common-mode current on a cable attached to a DUT for assessing EMI performance is introduced herein. The technique was applied to evaluate the EMI performance of a module-on-backplane configuration with different connectors and different connector pin-outs.

Emi Reduction From Airflow Aperture Arrays Using Dual-Perforated Screens And Loss, Min Li, Joe Nuebel, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Richard E. Dubroff, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Airflow perforations in shielding enclosures can act as apertures facilitating the coupling from internal sources to external electromagnetic interference (EMI). This EMI radiation for single- and dual-screen configurations was studied herein experimentally and with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. A general EMI reduction of more than 20 dB was achieved for dual-perforated screens spaced 1 cm apart when compared to EMI for a single perforated screen. However, in the dual-screen case, the space between the screens can act as a thin cavity, which, in turn, can lead to significant radiation at distinct angles. Damping the resonances by loading the space between …