Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education (1278)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (1191)
- Arts and Humanities (862)
- Religion (594)
- Psychology (389)
-
- Counseling (348)
- Christianity (299)
- Educational Leadership (244)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (216)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (165)
- Music (163)
- Curriculum and Instruction (156)
- Communication (155)
- Higher Education (148)
- Educational Methods (146)
- Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion (143)
- Educational Psychology (141)
- Leadership Studies (133)
- Practical Theology (110)
- Business (109)
- Other Education (96)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (90)
- History (84)
- Nursing (82)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (70)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (68)
- Liturgy and Worship (64)
- Special Education and Teaching (64)
- Online and Distance Education (54)
- Curriculum and Social Inquiry (52)
- Keyword
-
- Discipleship (117)
- Education, General (96)
- Leadership (94)
- Education (85)
- Mental health (84)
-
- Self-efficacy (84)
- Phenomenology (83)
- Trauma (76)
- Social media (70)
- Religion, General (66)
- Higher education (65)
- Technology (65)
- Burnout (64)
- Church (61)
- COVID-19 (60)
- Retention (56)
- Resilience (53)
- Anxiety (49)
- Motivation (48)
- Community (46)
- Depression (46)
- Communication (42)
- Worship (41)
- Stress (40)
- African American (38)
- Music (36)
- Spirituality (36)
- Theology (35)
- Culture (34)
- Education, Administration (34)
- Publication Year
Articles 1831 - 1860 of 3185
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
A Phenomenological Study Of Social Media Usage In Southern Baptist Churches In The Atlanta Metropolitan Area, Patricia Maria Rankin
A Phenomenological Study Of Social Media Usage In Southern Baptist Churches In The Atlanta Metropolitan Area, Patricia Maria Rankin
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore social media usage according to leaders from churches in the Southern Baptist Convention in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area. For this study, social media was defined as any social media networking platform used to share the Gospel. The research was guided by the mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 2001; Weaver,1953) developed by Shannon, Weaver, Schramm, and Berlo. The communication model effectively understands and explores the literature gap regarding God and how He communicates with His people. The study started with purposeful sampling and recruitment of participants, who then voluntarily completed the …
Deploying Secular Historian's Rules As An Apologetic Method To Persuade Secular Naturalists/Humanists That Demons Exist, Mark P. Ragsdale
Deploying Secular Historian's Rules As An Apologetic Method To Persuade Secular Naturalists/Humanists That Demons Exist, Mark P. Ragsdale
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Secular Humanists/Naturalists presuppose a priori that the existence and activity of non-material, incorporeal, spirit beings are not possible. Like a First Order Skeptic argues that one cannot be sure of anything beyond perception, the Secularist accepts existence of all that is material while rejecting any spiritual realm. The dissertation qualitatively ties together themes arguing that the same standards secularists apply to vetting any commonly accepted historical event whatever also inductively supports the existence and activity of demons.
Using Online Collaborative Learning To Improve Learning Gaps After Covid-19 Impacts On Higher Education: A Qualitative Multiple-Case Study, Teresa M. Henning
Using Online Collaborative Learning To Improve Learning Gaps After Covid-19 Impacts On Higher Education: A Qualitative Multiple-Case Study, Teresa M. Henning
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this multiple-case study was to understand and discover the learning gaps created by emergency online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact it has had on instructors and students in institutes of higher education. A look at how online collaborative learning theory and the effect it has had on online learning was also examined. The theory that guided this study was the online collaborative learning (OCL) theory, which stresses the process involving memory, thinking, reflection, abstraction, and motivation. The central research question that this study investigated was how COVID-19 impacted institutes of higher education and …
The Role Of Spiritual Fitness On Burnout And Organizational Commitment In High-Stress Environments, Amy Mcdonald Stevens
The Role Of Spiritual Fitness On Burnout And Organizational Commitment In High-Stress Environments, Amy Mcdonald Stevens
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This quantitative study examined the relationships between burnout, spiritual fitness, and organizational commitment in National Guard servicemembers. Recent deployments and chronic stressors have resulted in an emergence of mental health concerns, burnout, and turnover intentions in this population. Research has indicated that elements of spirituality address these concerns and suggest that more spiritual individuals are more resilient, less susceptible to burnout, and find positive meaning in work. This study examined these variables using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), the Organizational Commitment Scale (Meyer & Allen, 1997), and the SOCOM Spiritual Fitness Scale (Alexander et al., 2020). Correlations …
Skole And Sabbath As A Way Of Being In Classical Educators: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology On Leisure, Erin Haley Uminn
Skole And Sabbath As A Way Of Being In Classical Educators: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology On Leisure, Erin Haley Uminn
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to describe the essence of the lived experiences of 10 classical Christian secondary teachers and administrators who embrace Greek skolé and Christian Sabbath at classical Christian schools in the United States. Leisure theory guided this study, particularly Sabbath as described by Heschel and Brueggeman, Christian leisure as understood by Pieper and Heintzman, and Samaras’ description of skolé in Greek philosophy, as they point to a specific type of leisure and way of being understood by classical Christian educators. van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used for data collection and analysis of open-ended …
Worship Through The Visual Arts, Terry Tripp
Worship Through The Visual Arts, Terry Tripp
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Despite some Protestant churches holding the view that creating visual art is a spiritual practice of Christian worship, many still do not recognize it as a spiritual practice that Christians who are called to be visual artists should be taught and encouraged to practice. This qualitative research study focuses on the reasons that creating visual art is a spiritual practice of Christian worship and should be encouraged by church leadership. Visual art has been abused in the history of the Christian church. People have worshiped the creation instead of the Creator. Due to such unfortunate practices and abuses, some Protestant …
Are Aces Barriers To African American Male High School Students Achieving Academic Success: Can Implementing Trauma-Informed Practices Help?, Tamelyn Danay Motley
Are Aces Barriers To African American Male High School Students Achieving Academic Success: Can Implementing Trauma-Informed Practices Help?, Tamelyn Danay Motley
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Research has shown an increase in African American students experiencing trauma due to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). African American students are at a greater risk of disengagement, school failure, dropping out of school, and increased mental health disorders due to ACEs. Unfortunately, minority racial/ethnic groups are at a greater risk of exposure to trauma, particularly African American students. Implementing trauma-informed practices (TIP) into school systems can provide trauma training to teachers to decrease school failures, and reduce disengagement, leading to African American students dropping out of school. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact that ACEs have …
Cultural Health Literacy: A Case Study Of Somali Refugee's Information-Seeking Behavior And Health Communication Praxis, Andrea Mckinnon
Cultural Health Literacy: A Case Study Of Somali Refugee's Information-Seeking Behavior And Health Communication Praxis, Andrea Mckinnon
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This case study examines Somalian refugees who have sought health information from a trusted source and how it affected their health decision. Health literacy, the ability to find, understand, and use health information and make health decisions, is an understood barrier to achieving optimal health. Social determinants affect an individual’s ability to access and appropriately use the information for decision-making. The communication inequality theory states that health disparities occur when communication inequalities transpire across the communication continuum, and inequitable access to learning manifests within specific individuals or groups. Research data was collected using a sociodemographic and SNS use questionnaire and …
Living Water: A Hermeneutical And Exegetical Approach, John Panicker
Living Water: A Hermeneutical And Exegetical Approach, John Panicker
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Throughout Scripture, God refers to people, objects, words, and other things of the universe to help man understand him. In the New Testament, Christ used parables, metaphors, and signs to reveal himself and his salvation plan. The crown jewel among these symbols is the living water, symbolizing the Holy Spirit who is the ultimate source of salvation. God did not impose death on man, but man chose death over life by disobeying God’s command not to eat from the tree of the “knowledge of good and evil.” He decided to accept Satan’s seduction and counsel and willfully transgressed against his …
The Relational Fruit Of The Spirit In Youth Ministers: Do Youth Ministers Display Patience, Kindness, And Goodness?, Mary Ann Ridgley-Thornton
The Relational Fruit Of The Spirit In Youth Ministers: Do Youth Ministers Display Patience, Kindness, And Goodness?, Mary Ann Ridgley-Thornton
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Youth ministry is a crucial part of the church that can help teenagers strengthen their godly beliefs and spiritual formation. Youth ministers’ actions, characters, and behavior should reflect the fruit of the Spirit. This qualitative case study explored whether and how youth leaders displayed the fruit of the Spirit at seven Bible-based, baptistic Christian churches in southeast Georgia. Although seven was the goal, only five churches agreed to participate. A Christian church was defined as one with no more than 500 members that accept the Bible as the sole source and authority of genuine Christian faith. The fruit of the …
A Phenomenological Study Of Introverted Leaders, Sherita Dianne Hall
A Phenomenological Study Of Introverted Leaders, Sherita Dianne Hall
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Society is comprised of individuals with different personality types who are frequently referred to as extraverted or introverted. Research has suggested individuals fall somewhere along the continuum of extraversion to introversion. Based on statistics, introverts are thought to comprise between 33% to 50% of the greater population, but introverts only comprise 4% of the management teams leading companies. The literature has vast amounts of information about leadership and extraversion but limited information about introversion and leadership. From the literature, what is not clear is how the introspective tendencies of introverted leaders may influence the strategic planning, decision making, or other …
Culturally Induced Male Dominance: Addressing Breakdown Of Harmony In Asian Indian Christian Marriages, Benjamin Mulaparthi
Culturally Induced Male Dominance: Addressing Breakdown Of Harmony In Asian Indian Christian Marriages, Benjamin Mulaparthi
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Marriage is an institution designed by God to fulfill the creation mandate and represent Christ and his bride in this world. Marriage is a universal social construct fulfilled in diverse ways across cultures and societies. In Asian Indian culture, marriages are mostly arranged where parents customarily choose a spouse based on the caste/ethnicity, religion, social and economic standing of prospective spouses and their families. Many Christians in India and those of Indian origin living in the United States adopt the cultural norm of arranged marriage. This DMIN action research project will explore the breakdown of harmony in Christian arranged marriages …
African American Parenting Style Influence On Children And Adolescents' Academic Success, Elizabeth F. Martin
African American Parenting Style Influence On Children And Adolescents' Academic Success, Elizabeth F. Martin
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to examine how parenting styles influence African American children and adolescents’ academic success. The theory guiding this study was Diana Baumrind’s parenting typologies authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. A sample size of 10 African American participants who had at least one child, 3 months to 18 years of age, were recruited and selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. Each participant was interviewed via recorded Zoom meetings and data were collected utilizing open-ended, semistructured, in-depth interview questions. Three research questions guided this study: (a) what response is given that characterizes parents’ relations …
Parental Perspectives On The Social Communication Between Adolescent Females Diagnosed With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Typically Developing Older Siblings: A Case Study, Victoria Suzette Paxton
Parental Perspectives On The Social Communication Between Adolescent Females Diagnosed With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Typically Developing Older Siblings: A Case Study, Victoria Suzette Paxton
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Verbal social communication and nonverbal social communication have been documented as a source of deficiency in adolescents with high-functioning (H-F) autism. Likewise, adolescent females with autism reported an increase in social communication difficulties as they aged into adolescence. While the positive impact on social communication in children with autism by older siblings has been documented, there is no such research that has investigated the nonverbal and verbal social communication characteristics among adolescent females with high-functioning autism and their typically developing older siblings (Ben-Itzchak et al., 2016). In the following research study, parental perspectives on the social communication between female adolescents …
A Case Study Examining The Experiences Of Middle School Teachers Who Use Manipulatives To Foster The Self-Efficacy Of Students With Math Difficulties, Krishanta Katira Butcher
A Case Study Examining The Experiences Of Middle School Teachers Who Use Manipulatives To Foster The Self-Efficacy Of Students With Math Difficulties, Krishanta Katira Butcher
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine the experiences of middle school teachers who use manipulatives during math instruction to foster the self-efficacy of students with mathematics difficulties. Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy was the theoretical framework for this study. The study was conducted at the Starlight School for Exceptional Children and at the Kingsway High School in The Bahamas. I recruited 15 participants for this study that included a combination of special and general education teachers who use manipulatives to provide math instruction to middle school students. To attain optimum results, I collected the data in the …
Virtual Recovery: Bringing The Kingdom To An Online Community, Andrew Charles Matts
Virtual Recovery: Bringing The Kingdom To An Online Community, Andrew Charles Matts
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Soon after Jesus’ Resurrection and Ascension, the fledgling church community divided into two camps: One favoring the inclusion of Gentile converts only if they observed traditional Jewish Law and custom (e.g., circumcision) and the other, led by Paul, asserting that following Jesus did not require such formality and legalism. A lengthy debate concluded by reaching into the Gentile community to provide a captivating kingdom message of hope, love, and compassion. Today, the traditional, physical church community faces a growing challenge: reaching into a growing online community by providing a captivating kingdom message, while recognizing that potential recipients of the message …
A Qualitative Study Comparing The Teaching Philosophies And Practices Of Children's Choir Artistic Directors In South-Central Ontario, Rebecca Hope Strutt
A Qualitative Study Comparing The Teaching Philosophies And Practices Of Children's Choir Artistic Directors In South-Central Ontario, Rebecca Hope Strutt
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Despite the number of studies related to community music in North America, very little research is available regarding children's choir artistic directors, specifically those in Ontario. This research project examined the philosophical and pedagogical teaching practices of children's choir artistic directors of south-central Ontario for a comparative study through a phenomenological qualitative approach. Guided by the research of notable conductors such as Doreen Rao, Helen Kemp, and Jean Ashworth Bartle, this study identified perspectives not yet explored and documented concerning teaching philosophies and practices of children's choir artistic directors in south-central Ontario. Emerging themes from the literature review included building …
Strategies For Creating And Building College Band Programs Within Institutions Under A 5000-Student Population, Joshua Benjamin Buckrucker
Strategies For Creating And Building College Band Programs Within Institutions Under A 5000-Student Population, Joshua Benjamin Buckrucker
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Higher education institutions regularly cultivate recruitment and retention plans to attract potential students to their programs. Small college band programs are identified as institutions under a 5,000-student enrollment and often develop recruiting strategies that employ a smaller applicant pool. This qualitative study observes small college recruitment practices and justifies successful and non-successful techniques within small college band programs. The research within this project examined insights into college admissions practices, administration roles in student recruitment and retention, and the role of the music faculty in recruiting and retaining current students. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of college exposure, marketing, communication, …
Understanding The Resurrection Of Jesus Christ And Its Soteriological Significance, Zach Maldonado
Understanding The Resurrection Of Jesus Christ And Its Soteriological Significance, Zach Maldonado
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this DMIN action research project was to develop and implement a study on the resurrection of Jesus at Life Church. The problem was that people at Life Church did not adequately understand the resurrection of Christ for their belief in salvation. The study sought to help members of Life Church understand what Scripture teaches about salvation. The goal for this action research project was for members of Life Church to understand, defend, and articulate the resurrection of Jesus and its soteriological implications. There were seven total participants that took part in the study. Every participant was given …
What Was The Real Trouble With The Troubles? The Lived Experience Of Attending A Maintained School In Northern Ireland During The Troubles, Lisabeth Daniels Sweeney
What Was The Real Trouble With The Troubles? The Lived Experience Of Attending A Maintained School In Northern Ireland During The Troubles, Lisabeth Daniels Sweeney
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Immigrant parents from Northern Ireland (NI) interact with American schools differently than most other immigrant cultures. The current generation of NI immigrant parents grew up amidst a sectarian conflict known as the Troubles. This cohort also attended Catholic maintained schools in NI, where corporal punishment was a daily experience. These life experiences can potentially shape an individual’s worldview and view of education. This qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experience of attending maintained schools in NI during the Troubles and how this phenomenon may have shaped NI parents’ view of education. A phenomenological approach using a qualitative survey and …
Influence Of Childhood Social Media Use On Parental Attachment And Individual Self-Regulation As An Adult, Pamela Jean Corbin
Influence Of Childhood Social Media Use On Parental Attachment And Individual Self-Regulation As An Adult, Pamela Jean Corbin
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The utilization of social media continues to rise as technology becomes more refined. Social media has become a topic for extensive research due to this continuing upward trend of use among its diverse set of users. Evidence indicates that there are positive and negative outcomes that originate from the use of social media, including the inability to self-regulate. Several research articles also indicate that the lack of parental attachment, results in the inability to self-regulate. Research shows that social media has a negative effect on self-regulation, but there is limited data on how this association affects all ages, including adults. …
The Lived Experiences Of School Counselors Related To Natural Disaster Trauma, Jennifer Baxley Bellinger
The Lived Experiences Of School Counselors Related To Natural Disaster Trauma, Jennifer Baxley Bellinger
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand and describe the lived experiences of school counselors in South Carolina regarding natural disaster trauma and their perceptions regarding their ability to work effectively with students during and after disasters. The experiences of school counselors regarding their perceptions of effectiveness when working with students both during and after natural disasters prior to this study were unknown. The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) Model provided the framework for this study as it outlines the necessary preparation for and execution of a school counselor’s work with students, while Herman’s trauma theory and …
The Predictive Ability Of Early Reading Indicators And Spelling On Oral Reading Fluency, Jessie Mackenzie Reed
The Predictive Ability Of Early Reading Indicators And Spelling On Oral Reading Fluency, Jessie Mackenzie Reed
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this quantitative, predictive correlational study was to explore the predictive ability of beginning of the year scores of Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF), Oral Reading Fluency (ORF), and scores from a Primary Spelling Inventory (PSI) at mid-year ORF scores for second-grade students in a rural school district in central Pennsylvania. Because reading skills are strongly linked to positive academic and life outcomes, the identification of students who may have reading difficulties is a critical task for schools. Alphabetic and orthographic knowledge is central to reading development and essential for educators to understand the reading aptitude of students. This …
How Personal Reponsibility Can Empower The Marriage Relationship, Emmanuelle Sawyer
How Personal Reponsibility Can Empower The Marriage Relationship, Emmanuelle Sawyer
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The researcher created a seven-step ‘What Makes Marriage Work’ personal responsibility framework, that is an empowerment tool used for couples coached at E. Sawyer Coaching. The researcher presented the seven-step framework to seven married/previously married persons, to determine their perception of the merit of the seven-step framework. This framework was presented with the hypothesis that if couples at E. Sawyer Coaching understood the power of personal responsibility, they would experience marriage vitality and restoration as a result. As it stands, in current marriage related research, personal responsibility is not a key tool of emphasis surrounding marriage support and empowerment. This …
Examining Administrators' Perceived Influence Of Social Media On Adolescent School Discipline: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Stephanie N. Cox
Examining Administrators' Perceived Influence Of Social Media On Adolescent School Discipline: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Stephanie N. Cox
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand middle and high school administrators’ perceived influence of social media on school discipline and student behavior in southeastern Virginia. Bandura’s social cognitive theory and Skinner’s behavioral theory of operant conditioning guided this study and provided the theoretical framework for learning through observation and reinforcement. Twelve middle and high school administrators participated in this study and shared their administrative experiences regarding social media and its perceived influence on student discipline and behavior in their respective schools. The central question guiding this research study was the following: What are the experiences of …
Morale Of Educators Amidst A Pandemic: A Heuristic Phenomenological Inquiry, Dawn Dianne Peterson
Morale Of Educators Amidst A Pandemic: A Heuristic Phenomenological Inquiry, Dawn Dianne Peterson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This heuristic phenomenological qualitative research study aimed to understand the educators' perceptions of their lived experience teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on teacher morale in the U.S. The theory guiding this study is Narrative Identity Theory, in which Dan McAdams proposed the first full theoretical model. This theory contributed significant awareness to the phenomenon studied when trying to understand the evaluative and emotional meaning expressed through the stories of the teachers. The essence of morale is understood more holistically considering the contribution of Narrative Identity Theory. Data was collected through online interviews on Microsoft Teams and analyzed …
Reviving The Roots: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Of Black Women In Agriculture And The Influence Of Post-Secondary Education, Alvianna Woodard-Davis
Reviving The Roots: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Of Black Women In Agriculture And The Influence Of Post-Secondary Education, Alvianna Woodard-Davis
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of twenty Black women in the southern United States and the influence of post-secondary education on agricultural science. Two theories guided this study, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Crenshaw’s intersectionality theory. When considering the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy, coupled with Black women's marginality as identified by the intersectionality theory, the research helped better define the relationship between Black women in agriculture and the referenced theories. Criterion sampling was used to identify ten experienced Black female producers and ten agriculture students to determine the trend. …
A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experience Of Creator-Practitioners Of Open Educational Resources And Practices In The United States, Alex Henry Wanstrath
A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experience Of Creator-Practitioners Of Open Educational Resources And Practices In The United States, Alex Henry Wanstrath
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to describe the lived experience of creator-practitioners of open educational resources (OER) and open educational practices (OEP) in United States (U.S.) higher education institutions. The theory guiding this study is Vygotsky and Bruner’s constructivist theories, as they describe both the cognitive and social aspects of content creation. Eleven current instructors from colleges and universities across the U.S. participated in this study. These participants had used OER for at least one academic term, were current instructors at their institution, created their own OER, and engaged in OEP in at least one of their …
Experiences Of Early-Career Educators' Preparedness To Identify And Address Substance Abuse Behaviors And Academic Success In The Classroom: A Phenomenological Study, Denise Ann Miles
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This transcendental phenomenological study aimed to describe the experiences of preparedness of early-career teachers (i.e., teachers in their first five years in the profession) who have dealt with student addiction behaviors and academic decline in the classroom within several Northeast Pennsylvania public school districts. Mezirow’s transformational learning theory guided this study as it addressed how adults interpret and make meaning through life experiences. The central research question guiding this study was: How do early-career teachers describe their experiences dealing with student addiction behaviors in the classroom while preserving their academic success? Fifteen early-career teachers in the public school system (grades …
Effective Public Sector Leadership In A Mandatory Remote Work Environment, Sara Janene Valdez Hoffer
Effective Public Sector Leadership In A Mandatory Remote Work Environment, Sara Janene Valdez Hoffer
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative case study research was to identify effective public sector leadership skills when operating in a mandatory remote work environment. The research topic was driven by the adjustments many public sector organizations were mandated to make due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to attract and retain a talented workforce in the future, many government agencies have been faced with implementing reconstitution efforts that include more flexible schedule options for employees following the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, these organizations began exploring offering additional remote opportunities that were previously not available. Thus, identifying effective leadership skills …