Digital Commons Network^™

Detection, Prevention And Mitigation Of Rogue Base Stations In 5g Networks, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Rogue Base Station (RBS) threat is one of the major threats faced by different access networks. Here, the attackers use RBS to masquerade (mimic) as a legitimate base station to facilitate a Man-in-The-Middle (MiTM) attack between the mobile User Equipment (UE) and the mobile network, to steal user information, tampering the transmitted information, tracking the users, compromising user privacy, introducing DoS on 5G services etc., The techniques herein propose method to enhance the RBS detection techniques and subsequently prevent and mitigate (containment of) the rogues by detaching the UE from the RBSs and subsequently avoid UEs from attaching to earlier …

Reducing Distracted Driving, Ravi Soma

Defensive Publications Series

An operating system of a computing device (e.g., a smartphone, mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a wearable device, etc.) may limit various features of the computing device based on the location of the computing device within a vehicle (e.g., an automobile, a motorcycle, a bus, a recreational vehicle (RV), a semi-trailer truck, a tractor or other type of farm equipment, train, a plane, a boat, a helicopter, a personal transport vehicle, etc.). In some examples, the computing device may use ultra-wideband technology to perform device localization and in turn distinguish between being located in the driver’s area …

Method To Efficiently Upgrade Mesh Routers In Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Network, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Network (SDWMN) deployments are considered as a viable option to provide wireless coverage for a vast area, such as community-wide or city-wide. SDWMN is a combination of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). In other words, it consists of Centralised SDN Controller and Wireless Mesh Network. In SDWMN deployments, SDN Controller manages many (100s and 1000s) of the Mesh Routers (MRs). Upgrading the whole deployment is a challenge and time consuming. There are techniques which provide some sort of optimisation and hence to reduce service downtime. But none of the techniques provide efficient mechanism to …

Navigation Suggestions To Select Driving Route With Low Sun Glare, Bruce Bahnsen, Yan Mayster

Defensive Publications Series

Sun glare can be a danger to motorists because it can impede a driver’s vision and cause accidents, especially when it occurs suddenly and surprises the driver. Yet, directions provided by navigation apps do not currently include the amount of sun glare expected to be encountered along a given route at the time of travel. This disclosure describes techniques to score a given route based on the amount of sun glare likely to be encountered at the estimated time of travel along a given route. The sun glare score for a route is obtained based on individual sun glare scores …

Social Reading, Dongeek Shin

Defensive Publications Series

A reading application may enable a first user of a computing device (e.g., a smartphone, mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a wearable device, etc.) to send an excerpt of text (e.g., a sentence, a paragraph, a snippet, etc.) of an electronic book (“e-book”) in the first user’s e-book library to other users’ computing devices. For example, based on user input from the first user, the reading application may select (e.g., by executing a machine learning algorithm) an excerpt of text from the e-book. The reading application may enable one or more actions to the selected excerpt of …

Privacy Policies For Distributed Object-Based Storage In Multi-Cloud Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Object-Based Storage (OBS) has become the main type of storage system in the cloud. With applications moving to cloud-based services (viz., micro services architecture, Software as a Service [5G, SD-WAN], Security as a Service etc.,) and large cloud vendors having many data centres globally, where-in data can be stored across data centres belonging to different countries or states, hence it is challenging to provide data security and privacy. Also, with different laws for providing data protection and privacy we need to guarantee that PII data (it may be government departmental data, personal health records etc.,), is adhering to government laws. …

Method To Securely Auto-Recover The Stranded Mesh Router In Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Network Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Network (SDWMN) deployments are considered as a viable option to provide wireless coverage for a vast area. SDWMN is combination of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). Backbone of a WMN is made up of dedicated wireless nodes called Mesh Routers (MRs). These MRs can be freely organised into any network topology and communicate with each other using protocols such as DSR, OLSR etc., to find optimised path and hence to achieve higher performance. However, potential isolated (disconnected) MRs are the major obstacles to achieve high performance. Due to dynamic nature of network topology and …

Contextual Proactive Suggestions For Custom Commands For Vehicle Components, Ankur Aggarwal, Priyank Devpura, Amit Singhal, Yao Lin, Douglas Mayle, Chandan Dubey, Andrey Adaykin

Defensive Publications Series

Many vehicle components that are sourced from OEMs offer interactive capabilities that enable users to control them using mechanisms such as a voice-based virtual assistant via a spoken command. However, users typically lack awareness of the existence of the commands, thus failing to use them despite their availability. Mechanisms for facilitating proactive and contextually opportune discovery of interactive control options are typically limited to first party components. This disclosure describes techniques that enable OEMs to facilitate user discovery of their custom interactive capabilities by registering the commands and associated metadata with the vehicle platform. With user permission, local contextual information …

Reduction Of Handover Duration For Latency Sensitive Applications In 5g Mobile Networks, Krushang Shah, Rajaneesh Shetty, Soundarya Pendyala

Defensive Publications Series

Handovers in a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G mobile network occur quite often. During handovers, user packets are buffered either at a user equipment (UE) level or at a network level. In 5G network scenarios, primarily those involving ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) use cases, buffering user packets, as well as handover delays, are highly undesirable. Higher delays can be observed between inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) handovers or between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks, due to longer handover procedures. Presented herein are techniques that may reduce the 5G handover latency for time sensitive applications through the use of a fast …

Multiple Provider Sdn Provisioning Using Holochain Technology, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Typically SDN controller manage network devices (Router, Switches, Servers etc.,) within given service provider or enterprise domains. These controllers are either deployed centrally or distributed across provider network to provide redundancy, however the scope of network devices they manage are limited within operators domain. Many service providers want to launch end-to-end fully automated enterprise services extending across other service providers. They may deploy SDN controllers to program and manage configuration within their own networks; however, coordination of provisioning services in other provider network is either manual or extremely difficult. The techniques presented herein propose method which enables securing end-to-end services …

Aerial Edge Orchestrator, Sudha Katgeri, Lubna Rasheed, Jasna Jayaraj

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are presented herein that support an optimized approach to deploying and re-deploying aerial edge nodes to dynamically meet fluctuating network needs, thus ensuring a better utilization and reuse of network resources. Aspects of the presented techniques include providing an Unmanned Aerial Edge Node (UA-EN) that may be managed by an Aerial Edge Orchestrator (AEO) in which the AEO can serve as a ‘single pane of glass’ for the deployment, management, and teardown of UA-ENs. The AEO may employ an automated workflow to provision UA-ENs, over a secure communication channel, to direct them, as needed, to congested locations. The AEO …

Application Centric Grouping Using Authentication And Key Management For Applications (Akma) Techniques, Rajesh I. V, Ram Mohan R

Defensive Publications Series

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Authentication and Key Management for Applications (AKMA) mechanism leverages an operator’s authentication infrastructure to secure the communication between a User Equipment (UE) and an Application Function (AF). Techniques are presented herein that support establishing a grouping mechanism on top of the AKMA layer to efficiently group the applications and the AFs, using a limited set of keys, to simplify various use cases. The use of the techniques presented herein offers a number of optimizations and benefits, including when an AF needs to send a dynamic update to all the UEs that are managing specific …

Automatically Generating Descriptive Annotations For Participants In A Virtual Meeting, Daniel V. Klein, Igor S. Ramos

Defensive Publications Series

The effectiveness of virtual meetings can be negatively affected when participants in a video conference are unfamiliar with each other. This disclosure describes techniques, implemented with appropriate user permissions, for automatic generation of descriptive text and annotations for participants in a virtual meeting. The descriptive text and annotations are generated based on combining various available pieces of information about the participant obtained with permission from a variety of information sources and/or via computational analysis of the video and audio from the live feed of the meeting. The information obtained can be used to determine and verify the identities of the …

5g Network Deployments With De-Centralisation Of Policies And Configurations, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

5G network deployment comprises of multiple AMFs, SMFs, UPFs, gNodeBs etc., intended to provide collaborative services such as network slicing, session management, roaming, load balancing etc.,. These 5G network deployments being large, configuring individual AMFs, SMFs etc., in such large system is difficult. Presented herein are techniques to incorporate 5G network deployments with authenticated distributed ledger to securely store the configuration and subsequent configuration changes (keep only changes from the previous one, using dictionary method: key-value pair to identify the difference), so that AMF configuration can be shared across AMF Set or AMF Region. Further, access to the ledger is …

Use Of Language Models To Improve Automatic Speech Recognition, Pawel Janus, Agoston Weisz, Aurelien Boffy, Miroslaw Michalski

Defensive Publications Series

Speech recognition enables users to interact with devices via their voice. However, errors in speech recognition during a user’s interaction with such devices can be problematic and lead to a less than satisfactory user experience. This disclosure describes the use of language modeling to recover from automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors by identifying broken queries. The full natural language understanding (NLU) stack is executed to obtain a coherent, alternative, speech recognition. The alternative recognition (or query) runs in parallel to the original, misrecognized query. The potential actions triggered by the misrecognized and the NLU-augmented queries are compared to pick the …

Automatic Color Uniformity Check With Intergrated Scanner Device, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

Current PageWide XL Pro products feature a color uniformity calibration that is performed

by means of the integrated scanner. This procedure usually behaves good enough for

the image quality requirements of this product family, but such behavior might be slightly

worse depending on the media type that is being calibrated. The color uniformity acceptance

criteria is difficult to communicate to the customers and may incur escalations. In

this disclosure it is described an automatic procedure that allows checking and evaluating

whether the calibration results are inside specs or not.

Need-Based Dynamic Reconfiguration Of Network Slice Using A Floating Slice And A Cross-Domain Orchestrator, Soundarya Pendyala, Rajaneesh Shetty, Krushang Shah, John Mullooly

Defensive Publications Series

A need exists for the ability to dynamically reconfigure a network slice from one type to another type based on a business case. To address such a need, techniques are presented herein that support the dynamic and the automatic reconfiguration of a network slice from one type to another type. Aspects of the presented techniques encompass an End-to-End floating network slice with a generic slice template, trigger-based algorithms to change a network slice from one type to another, segment routing (SR) tagging-based dynamic network slice management at the transport network level, the implementation of an SR-aware core network, adaptations to …

Energy Optimization And Transfer In Electric Vehicles Via Mechanical Coupling, Brian Shucker, Yan Mayster

Defensive Publications Series

Electric vehicles have a limited range due to limited battery capacity. Also, such vehicles, while having a lower carbon footprint than gasoline vehicles, do not address capacity issues on the road network. The relative sparsity of charging stations and the length of time needed to achieve a full charge can be a hindrance to some EV drivers. This disclosure describes an automatic coupling mechanism between electric vehicles that enables energy transfer between coupled vehicles. Based on commonality of routes, determined with user permission, vehicles automatically form mechanically coupled trains. Vehicles within a train with high energy drive the train and …

Enabling And Integrating Dynamic Teleprompting Capabilities For Online Meetings, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Derek Engi, Julie Allen, Pascale Delaunay, Paul Giralt

Defensive Publications Series

A natural and conversational style is difficult on video calls, particularly for the presenter. When the use of a teleprompter is included during such calls, the challenges are highlighted as the camera magnifies even the smallest movements, particularly in the eyes. To address such challenges, techniques are presented herein that support a “dynamic teleprompter” that may be seamlessly embedded within, and integrated into, a collaboration meeting platform. Such a dynamic teleprompter may move strategically (according to one or more of several different movement algorithms) around the speaker's viewing area thus eliminating the problems of static teleprompters and allowing a presenter …

Using The Exponential Mechanism To Compute Differentially Private Reach Curves, Matthew Clegg

Defensive Publications Series

A reach curve estimates the number of unique people that see an advertisement as a function of the number of advertising impressions that are purchased on an advertising network. An exponential mechanism approach can be used to compute an estimate of a reach function for a given set of publisher data in a differentially private manner.

Pairwise Union Overlap Model For Estimating Reach Surfaces, Matthew Clegg

Defensive Publications Series

A reach curve estimates the number of unique people that see an advertisement as a function of the number of advertising impressions that are purchased on an advertising network. A pairwise union overlap model can be used to compute a reach surface based on the reach curves of individual publishers. Such a reach surface can then be used to estimate the total number of unique people that can be reached for any arbitrary allocation of spend across multiple publishers.

Generalized Mixture Overlap Model For Estimating Reach Surfaces, Matthew Clegg, Jiayu Peng

Defensive Publications Series

A reach curve estimates the number of unique people that see an advertisement as a function of the number of advertising impressions that are purchased on an advertising network. A generalized mixture overlap model can be used to compute a reach surface based on the reach curves of individual publishers. Such a reach surface can then be used to estimate the total number of unique people that can be reached for any arbitrary allocation of spend across multiple publishers.

Load Balancing In Arbitrarily Clustered Microservice Architectures, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to load balancing in arbitrarily clustered microservice architectures. In cases where the affinity and load-balancing of the servers cannot be controlled or known in advance due to the hierarchical nature of the clustering architecture, measuring typical response times and sorting so the more expensive work is done first (as described in the section above) is a good way for the client or the cluster service to be able to ensure queues and load balancing is as efficient as possible. the present invention allows for arbitrarily deep hierarchies of clustering running with any combination of processors, cores, …

Enhanced Hashing Method To Reduce Re-Hashing/Re-Caching Hit In Load Balanced Server Pool, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to enhanced hashing methods to reduce re-hashing/re-caching hit in load balanced server pool. The present disclosure proposes to confront the re-hashing problem by deploying a within-server domain communication channel to exchange the client cache information to avoid re-hashing impact on processing and server resources every time a server is added or removed from the server’s pool.

Device Failure Data Collection Using Qr Codes, N Shalini Srinivasan, Rashmi Nikhil Patil, Andriani Stylianou, Jetsy Mathew, Joel Obstfeld

Defensive Publications Series

During the lifetime of a device, a customer may encounter a number of errors that require debugging. The process of diagnosing a device can become complicated when network access is not possible. To address such challenges, techniques are presented herein that support obtaining diagnostic information from a device in cases where network access cannot be provided through the use of dynamically generated Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and quick response (QR) codes. Aspects of the presented techniques employ independent URL and QR code generating logic, in a hardware device, that has its own power source, memory, etc. (to allow for that …

Providing Activity To User Devices Based On User Location, D Shin

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure is directed to a framework using signals (e.g., ultra wideband) to enable accurate location-based activities (e.g., advertisements) based on a user’s location with relation to predetermined zones. For example, as a user moves from zone to zone with relation to the anchor device, the computing system can change the activity to reflect the user’s new zonal position (e.g., in real-time). In particular, a user can pass by a store with a display device containing an anchor device in the store window. As the user enters a first zone, the display device can display particular images of content. …

Simulation Of Personal Area Network Devices, Erwin Jansen, Myles Watson, Paris Hsu

Defensive Publications Series

Developers of applications (which may be referred to as “apps”) for various devices (including smartphones, smartwatches, smart glasses, extended reality – XR – headsets, virtual reality – VR – headsets, augmented reality – AR – headsets, gaming systems, streaming gaming systems, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, televisions, etc.) may often interface with personal area network (PAN) devices via potentially complex PAN protocols. Example PAN protocols include Bluetooth® protocols, ultra wideband (UWB) protocols, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15 wireless PAN protocols, Z-Wave® protocols, Zigbee® protocols, etc. Rather than develop and test such apps with respect to physical …

Providing Explicit Shopping Action For Screenshots Containing Purchasable Products, Jing Xiong, Luyao Gong

Defensive Publications Series

Users often take screenshots from shopping websites/apps for later consideration for purchase. However, accessing the product page at a later time requires the user to manually enter the website/product name. This disclosure describes techniques that help users shop for products based on a screenshot of an online page containing information about the product. With user permission, it is determined whether an image on the device is a screenshot. If an image is determined to be a screenshot, a suitably trained machine learning model is employed to determine whether the screenshot contains a purchasable product and OCR is applied to detect …

Camera Driven Fluid Transfer Of Content Playback Between Devices, D Shin

Defensive Publications Series

Transferring content playback state between different devices is difficult. Without such state transfer, continuing content playback across devices requires explicit user action. This disclosure describes a framework to enable fluid transfer of content playback from one device to another by using the device camera to capture the content source and playback state. With user permission, user intent to transfer content playback is detected automatically. The target device camera is activated to capture a short snippet of the source device screen. Captured information is analyzed to determine the content source, identify the content item, and the playback location. Based on the …

Arming Control Triggers For Visited Smf To Home Smf Reporting To Avoid Extraneous Signalling In 5g Home Routed Scenarios, Mukesh Yadav, Shivakumar Nithiyanantham, Vinod Kamalaraj, Jis Abraham

Defensive Publications Series

A Session Management Function (SMF) is a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G core network function that is operationally equivalent to a control-plane Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW-C) of a 3GPP 4G core network. An SMF can handle both 5G and 4G user equipment (UE) sessions. The SMF supports control trigger functionality that can be armed by a Policy Control Function (PCF) and/or Charging Function (CHF). For example, a PCF/CHF can arm one or more control triggers related to user location changes (UserLocationChange), time zone changes (UE TimeZone change), serving node changes, Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) changes, changes …