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Building Research Across The Marketing-Psychology-Design Trilogy., Daniela Buchler, Philippa Ashton
Building Research Across The Marketing-Psychology-Design Trilogy., Daniela Buchler, Philippa Ashton
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The paper seeks to find links between concepts and research methods in Marketing, Psychology and Design using product differentiation as the central theme of the investigation. It focuses on the possibilities of cross–paradigm research and shows linking differentiation and perception is both original and lacking: “although many writers seem to imply that differentiation is based on customer perceptions, the connection between the intentions of the firm, and the subsequent perceptions of the customer is not well explained” (McGovern, 1987:5). Design in this context is the ‘hub’ that, by giving meaning to products, links aspects of marketing and psychology. One study …
Cultural Aspects Of Global Industrial Design, 'A Diversification Among Cultures'., Mohamad Zamzuri, Jan Lundberg
Cultural Aspects Of Global Industrial Design, 'A Diversification Among Cultures'., Mohamad Zamzuri, Jan Lundberg
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Global industrial design principles have recently gained momentum as one viable method of producing useful, usable and desirable products. However, cultural diversification existing between countries seems to be a tall hurdle facing designers. In short, this cultural difference might prevent the object in question from being widely accepted across the world, although it may have been categorized as being “universal” for the purpose of increasing the profit margin of the company. Therefore, the problems associated with this area of design should be addressed and elucidated in research, to avoid cultural disagreement in the future in product design. The aim of …
The Azure Sky, The Design Made., Peter Downton
The Azure Sky, The Design Made., Peter Downton
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Research is undertaken to produce knowledge. Typically, research is divided into two classes – applied research intended to result in a useful and probably commercial outcome, and basic research which normally endeavour s to extend the horizons of the known in the quest for knowledge that may one day have a purpose. Sometimes basic research is curiosity-driven; it is exploration of new or poorly-known territories, a path that design may also take. On many accounts, design is excluded from the domain of research – although it is inherently present to the extent that experiments are designed. The real presence of …
Embodied Interaction - Designing Beyond The Physical-Digital Divide., Pelle Ehn, Per Linde
Embodied Interaction - Designing Beyond The Physical-Digital Divide., Pelle Ehn, Per Linde
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The physical and digital worlds are wide apart. Each has its own design professionals: product designers and human-computer interaction experts. However, as computers are becoming ubiquitous, embedded in our everyday objects and environments and embodied in the way we experience them in our everyday lives, this divide becomes problematic. This dilemma is accentuated by the parallel threat of demassification, the potential loss of material and social properties when artefacts become digital. In this paper we argue for embodied interaction as a useful stance for designing beyond this physical-digital divide. This term has been coined by Paul Dourish in the phenomenological …
A Framework For The Visual Representation Of Spatial Information On The Web., Chun-Wen Chen, Manlai You, Sang-Chia Chiou
A Framework For The Visual Representation Of Spatial Information On The Web., Chun-Wen Chen, Manlai You, Sang-Chia Chiou
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Map is a natural way to represent spatial information. Nowadays it’s also very popular to get map service on the Web. Although such maps are mainly to provide information about places for people’s daily life, they may not be well designed to fulfill the functions. Most electronic maps on the Web, or so-called Web maps, follow the forms of traditional topographic maps, not like the pictorial maps in our daily life. For the limitation of screen resolution and file size on the web, it’s not even feasible to transfer large high-resolution illustration-like map to the Web. We would like to …
A Study Of Consumer Perception In Innovative Product., Rungtai Lin, Chia-Ling Chang, Yen-Yu Kang
A Study Of Consumer Perception In Innovative Product., Rungtai Lin, Chia-Ling Chang, Yen-Yu Kang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
With increasing global competition, innovative products are not merely desirable for a company; rather, they are mandatory. In today’s intensely competitive business climate, innovation becomes central in product development. To be successful, innovative products must have a clear, significant, point of difference that is related to a need in the market place. Furthermore, changes in consumer perception regarding innovation are also important in product design. The main purpose of this work is to study factors affecting designers’ and users’ perception in innovation; these factors are discussed in order to eliminate differences between designers’ and users’ perception of innovative products. Subjects …
Comparing Human-Centered Design Methods From Different Disciplines: Contextual Design And Principles., Mark Notess, Eli Blevis
Comparing Human-Centered Design Methods From Different Disciplines: Contextual Design And Principles., Mark Notess, Eli Blevis
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The human-computer interaction (HCI) community has developed primarily among those trained in computer science and psychology. Design methodologies within HCI tend to address the needs and interests of those who have been trained in cognitive science, human factors, or software engineering. This paper illuminates the similarities, distinctions and opportunities existing between one of the better known HCI methodologies, Contextual Design, and an encapsulation of the oral tradition of studio-based design methods that we call PRInCiPleS. PRInCiPleS forms part of the curriculum in HCI design at the Indiana University School of Informatics. We present a case study wherein both methods were …
Design How-To-Know: Towards A Domain-Specific Ontology., Frances Joseph
Design How-To-Know: Towards A Domain-Specific Ontology., Frances Joseph
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The title of this paper implies a repositioning of the notion of ‘design know how’ as tacit knowledge developed through practical experience into a questioning of the identity and being of design. This is not to valorise one form of knowing (through practice) over another (through cognition), but to imply a certain fuzziness about the definition, purpose and meaning of design. While this paper addresses issues of design, ontology and computation in relation to certain philosophical and theoretical positions, it is important to emphasise that my engagement comes from a practical involvement and concern with ‘design problems’ arising from the …
Socio-Cultural Factors That Impact Upon Human-Centred Design In Botswana., Richie Moalosi, Vesna Popovic, Anne Hudson
Socio-Cultural Factors That Impact Upon Human-Centred Design In Botswana., Richie Moalosi, Vesna Popovic, Anne Hudson
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper explores the relationship between culture and human-centred design in Botswana, a topic on which there is little previous research. The paper develops a framework of cultural analysis, comparing traditional with contemporary variables in order to develop a set of core variables that can be applicable to product design. Content analysis methodology was used to extract traditional variables from Botswana folktales, and qualitative data analysis methods were used to analyse contemporary variables. The results indicated that there is more emphasis on non-material than material variables. The paper concludes with a discussion of how to develop cultural strategies that will …
Many Worlds Ethics., Michael Linzey
Many Worlds Ethics., Michael Linzey
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Storrs McCall proposes a model of the universe in which the future is understood to branch into many worlds. The future is thus radically different than the past. This model provides a most useable platform for addressing a diversity of theoretical and practical problems in relation to architectural ethics. The paper discusses one dimension of this: the design ethics of Daniel Libeskind’s scheme for the reconstruction of New York Ground Zero. In post-Enlightenment ethics, Hume’s law asserts that there is no deductive relation between whatever “is” in the real world and whatever other things and conditions “ought” to be in …
Designing Text For The Screen: Setting Out The Criteria For The Legibility Of Type Designed To Be Read From The Computer Screen., Stuart Gluth
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The legibility of text on the computer screen appears to be one of the most important problems that designers have currently, or any communicators perhaps. It may be that the paperless office has not come about largely because of the difficulty of reading text on the screen. More forests of paper than ever seem to be being consumed just so that people can read the vastly increased amount of information that their computers give them access to. Nor are high tech solutions such as greater screen resolution or non-screen presentations a solution for the majority of users because of cost …
The System Around The Product: Methodologies And Experiences Focusing On Material And Immaterial Aspects In Design Solutions., Nicola Morelli
The System Around The Product: Methodologies And Experiences Focusing On Material And Immaterial Aspects In Design Solutions., Nicola Morelli
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The design discipline has traditionally focused on products physical aspects, giving for granted that the context of services, infrastructures and technology will support the product life. A systemic perspective would revise such a focus, in order to project design competences over systemic aspects usually neglected by designers. This perspective shift is a challenge for designers, who have very efficient methods and tools to handle physical aspects of product design, but need to define an ‘operative paradigm’ to operate in a systemic context. An operative paradigm consists of a set of tools and methods to handle immaterial aspects such as time …
User Preferences For Personalities Of Entertainment Robots According To The Users' Psychological Types., Sona Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim
User Preferences For Personalities Of Entertainment Robots According To The Users' Psychological Types., Sona Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The purpose of this paper is to suggest a design process for constructing personality of an entertainment robot based on psychological types, and investigate user preferences for robot personalities according to the users’ psychological types. In this study, four temperaments derived from 16 personality types in a psychological type indicator, MBTI (Myers Briggs Type Indicator), were applied to design the personality of an entertainment robot. The case study and experiment yielded several results. First, the major experimenters match reactions with robot temperaments. From this result, we could see that robot temperaments are useful guidelines to design the entertainment robot’s personality. …
Applying Image Descriptors To The Legibility Assessment Of English Alphabets And Words., Dengchuan Cai, Manlai You, Chia-Fen Chi
Applying Image Descriptors To The Legibility Assessment Of English Alphabets And Words., Dengchuan Cai, Manlai You, Chia-Fen Chi
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Two studies were conducted to test the legibility of the English alphabets and words. The first study aims to test the impact of character width on legibility of English alphabets. The second study extended the legibility test of the English alphabet to the words. Sixteen university students participated in the two experiments to discriminate the English alphabets and words initially displayed on a PC screen at its minimum size and enlarged gradually until the participant could recognize it. The results showed that all main effects of type styles, character height, and character width were significant in the legibility test of …
Grounding Design In Complexity., Silvia Pizzocaro
Grounding Design In Complexity., Silvia Pizzocaro
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As the frontier of present interdisciplinary sciences, complexity thinking can provide models to approach design research issues. Adaptation to the demands of a complex world requires to generate knowledge, and design knowledge, operating within a context of complexity, more than ever requires expanded and integrated ways of thought. Although the relationship between design and complexity has been explored for decades, the theory of complexity has only recently started to influence the debate in the professional community. Considering design as a wide dimension of making and planning disciplines, here it will be assumed not only that design theory and design thinking …
What Is The Future Of Interactive Multi-User Systems?, Mark Palmer
What Is The Future Of Interactive Multi-User Systems?, Mark Palmer
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The research objective concerns the creation of genuine multi-user systems. This work arises from the creation of immersive systems and the philosophical critique of the assumptions made by discourses that seek to understand the digital. Although in philosophical terms this has focused on an immanent rather than transcendent ontology it is also possible to understand this approach through the ‘discoveries’ of complexity theory; concepts through which research can develop practical strategies that can be employed in the creation of these systems.
An Investigation Of Taiwanese Diet., Chia-An Cheng, Dengchuan Cai, Hsin-Fu Huang
An Investigation Of Taiwanese Diet., Chia-An Cheng, Dengchuan Cai, Hsin-Fu Huang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Generally speaking, when we refer to the ‘culture of diet’, it means the content and style of the local culture that presented in our daily diet. In Taiwan, a large proportion of people are used to have meals out because they are busy at work, and this phenomenon has lead to the formation of a special diet called ‘Taiwanese buffet’. ‘Taiwanese buffet’ attracts consumers from a wide range of age due to its lower cost and various selections of the dishes. The aim of this study is to understand the condition of the present Taiwanese buffet and also how the …
Relating Social Contextual Knowledge To Graphic Designers' Practice., Stan Mauger
Relating Social Contextual Knowledge To Graphic Designers' Practice., Stan Mauger
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Graphic design is a conceptual activity that draws heavily on acquired design knowledge through practice. The role that designers place on knowledge of social contexts in their conceptual processes is highly variable and often unrecognised or undervalued by them in their practice. The ethnographic study upon which this paper is based used case studies to investigate this question. It considered the relative importance that a number of New Zealand graphic designers placed on bringing contextual knowledge into their practice. Graphic designers in the study had varying experience and worked in different types of firms and areas of the graphic design …
Design As A Device., Sidney Newton
Design As A Device., Sidney Newton
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper will describe the collaborative research project as a case study in how design and other disciplines intersect. Critically, it will argue that what design brings to such a situation may have less to do with design as a particular methodology, and more to do with design as a new device for understanding and engaging with the material content of the project. The paper will argue that significant qualities otherwise (and typically) attributed to ‘the nature of design’, can in fact be accounted for through the phenomenological concept of ‘introducing’. This alternative account has clear implications for the future …
Desire Of Design Knowledge. Notes On Cnpq Doctoral Education Program In Brazil., Maria Cecilia Loschiavo Des Santos
Desire Of Design Knowledge. Notes On Cnpq Doctoral Education Program In Brazil., Maria Cecilia Loschiavo Des Santos
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper seeks to provide an overview of the CNPq program and the challenges of creating doctoral education in design in our country, especially considering the short history of design education in Brazil, the strong need of design intervention and the desire for academic design knowledge.
Designerly Research: Towards Design's Own Research Paradigm., Fatina Saikaly
Designerly Research: Towards Design's Own Research Paradigm., Fatina Saikaly
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design research draws on different research paradigms from both the sciences and the humanities. Two empirical works about design research at the doctoral level demonstrated the emergence of a research paradigm distinct from research in the sciences and the humanities. The first empirical work was a comparative study of ten Ph.D. programmes in design. The selected cases were from different geographical-cultural contexts. The study of each case was divided into three parts: the study of the programme, the study of a selected Ph.D. thesis and an interview with the coordinator of the programme or with a Ph.D. supervisor. The second …
The Influence Of Using Scenario For Idea Generation In Industrial Design, Hau-Rung Chu, Hung Zheng, Yu Ma, Chun-Di Chen
The Influence Of Using Scenario For Idea Generation In Industrial Design, Hau-Rung Chu, Hung Zheng, Yu Ma, Chun-Di Chen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
During the design development, the continuity of design reasoning to produce concepts might be blocked for some reasons. Therefore, designers employ a few methods to facilitate the production of design concepts. One of the methods for such a goal suggested in literature is “scenario method” (Chen, 2000). By giving examples to illustrate how to use the scenario method, many studies have highly confirmed the value of scenario method in enriching the production of design concepts. Arguably, the previous studies interesting in scenario method mainly re-confirm the usability of this method, but fail to provide information about how it is useful …
Generative Design: A Paradigm For Design Research., Jon Mccormack, Alan Dorin, Troy Innocent
Generative Design: A Paradigm For Design Research., Jon Mccormack, Alan Dorin, Troy Innocent
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Generative design offers new modes of aesthetic experience based on the incorporation of system dynamics into the production of artifact and experience. In this paper, we review a number of processes that can be explored by designers and suggest how design as a discipline can benefit from this research. These processes include self-organization, swarm systems and ant colonies, evolution, and generative grammars. We give examples on the application of these processes to creativity and design.
The Idealist Practice Of Reflection: Typologies, Techniques And Ideologies For Design Researchers., Cameron Tonkinwise
The Idealist Practice Of Reflection: Typologies, Techniques And Ideologies For Design Researchers., Cameron Tonkinwise
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The following will attempt clarify and complexify the notion of reflective practice. Ironically, invocations of reflective practice are often themselves not at all reflective of the consequences associated with where this practice comes from. (Ecclestone 1996) Ignorance of the genealogy of reflective practice risks the practice of reflective practice being insufficiently reflective. Awareness of that geneaology opens reflective practice to more effective techniques that are otherwise missed, whilst also limiting claims about the effectivity of reflective practice more generally. To put this another way, Donald Schon’s notion of reflective practice is appealing because of its pragmatism. Developed from American pragmatist …
Human-Centred Design Issues For Immersive Media Spaces., Toni Robertson, Tim Mansfield, Lian Loke
Human-Centred Design Issues For Immersive Media Spaces., Toni Robertson, Tim Mansfield, Lian Loke
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper is about the design of BYSTANDER, an immersive environment composed of image sequences of still photographs, texts and sound. BYSTANDER is designed for a largish (minimum three by four metres), darkened gallery or museum space with eight channels of sound and four large projection screens configured as a four-walled room. It is the latest work in a suite of multimedia artworks ‘Life After Wartime’ created since 1999 by Ross Gibson and Kate Richards, assisted by a production team that has included a graphic designer, a composer and several programmers. This paper examines the role traditional human-centred design methods …
Bathing The Dog: Research-Based Practice At The Experimental Nexus Of Art And Design., Darragh O'Brien, Jo Dane
Bathing The Dog: Research-Based Practice At The Experimental Nexus Of Art And Design., Darragh O'Brien, Jo Dane
DRS Biennial Conference Series
There is much academic debate on the idea of design practice as research; Dickey (2002), for example, refers to research as “a fact-based activity” and design practice as “a series of subjective commitments”. Langer (1942) suggests that although objects may express ideas, those ideas are not presented as a legitimate form of language, thus cannot be compared with the discursive properties of the written word. For over fifty years, such comments have polarized academic opinion, suggesting that research and design practice are somehow mutually exclusive. The intention of this paper is to examine design research as a liminal pursuit where …
Resisting Matter: Creating An Armature For Future Digital Practice., Inger Mewburn
Resisting Matter: Creating An Armature For Future Digital Practice., Inger Mewburn
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Until recently it was assumed that the 'digital stuff' of three dimensional digital models, although bound by the rigid co-ordinates of Cartesian space, was infinitely malleable. Now software tools can imbue digital models with simulated physical properties, making form through the relations between virtual forces. The forms generated by this process, resulting from the relations between mathematical algorithms have a bizzare birthing proces. Often ‘blobby’ or amorphous, they are startling - and strangely alluring - to a profession steeped in a history of design technique through representation which is dedicated to the idea of progressive refinement of form. Of particular …
Designing The Process., Ype Cuperus
Designing The Process., Ype Cuperus
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design has many meanings and even more interpretations, practical if applied to the built environment, or cultural if applied as a means of cultural expression. This paper looks at the first option, design as a method to improve the built environment by intervention and transformation. Observations in the world of architectural design show that designing the ordinary and planning the design process is alien to the young designer. This paper discusses ways to create this awareness. It first describes design as exploring the possible, yet unexpected future: the expected future does not need to be design anymore (we already know …
Principles Of Design Of Map Style Sign Displaying Detour., Yoshie Kiritani, Nariaki Sato, Kazuo Sugiyama, Kazuhiro Uchida, Masash Naito
Principles Of Design Of Map Style Sign Displaying Detour., Yoshie Kiritani, Nariaki Sato, Kazuo Sugiyama, Kazuhiro Uchida, Masash Naito
DRS Biennial Conference Series
For design index of the map style sign to provide variable road information, experiments were conducted to measure comprehensibility of the sign, and so on. The design point was that the detour was animated and driver’s cognition was considered. As a result, the desirable presentation style of the detour was gradation animation, and, in this connection, the jam-up area should not be animated. The recommended size of letters, route marks, and pictograms was smaller than the current legal size in Japan. The readily available guideline of design of the map style sign was presented.
Exploring Emotional Responses On Empathic Objects., Ming-Huang Lin, Yu-Hung Chien
Exploring Emotional Responses On Empathic Objects., Ming-Huang Lin, Yu-Hung Chien
DRS Biennial Conference Series
According to Franco Fornari’s theory of ‘affective codes’, and the concept of ‘transitional objects’ from the studies of British psycholoanalyst Donald Woods Winnicott, Alberto Alessi, the key figure in his organisation, has developed and established the language of empathic objects in the Alessi workshop and through subsequent production. These objects reveal great passion and display the strong Alessi identity. Alessi’s discovery illustrates a fascinating and exciting psychological approach to design. Based on his hypotheses, this research aims to probe people’s emotional responses when facing these objects.