Digital Commons Network^™

Digital Books And The Salvation Of Academic Publishing., Roger Cross

Articles

Digitization was not, nor ever will be, the solution to problems faced by Academic Libraries. Digitization cannot be downplayed, however no amount of digitization will ever address the systemic issues that lie at the heart of academic library’s difficulties. Digitization is merely a means of data delivery and as such does not address foundational defects within the academic system. The true salvation through digitization will not be found in libraries, but in commercial publisher’s bottom line.

What's New On Jane's Bookshelf?, Jane Leeth

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When I’m not teaching, I’m scouring bookstores and websites for interesting new releases in children’s and young adult literature. My dogs don’t even bark anymore when the UPS man shows up at the front door with a box of books; he’s sort of become part of our family.

I’ve listed here a handful of books that recently piqued my interest—whether I was intrigued by the topic, the aesthetic post-modern appearance, and/or what I can do with the text in the classroom.

Performance Of Coiled Tube Ultraviolet Reactors To Inactivate Escherichia Coli W1485 And Bacillus Cereus Endospores In Raw Cow Milk And Commercially Processed Skimmed Cow Milk, Ruplal Choudhary, Srinivasaro Bandla, Dennis G. Watson, John Haddock, Amer Abughazaleh, Bhaskar Battacharya

Articles

Two coiled tube reactors were designed to investigate the influence of Reynolds number (Re) and diameter of fluid carrying tube on UV-C inactivation of Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores in raw cow milk (RCM) and skimmed cow milk (SCM) at room temperature. UV reactors were constructed using perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing having internal diameters of 1.6 and 3.2 mm and each had a residence time of 11.3 s. Four levels of Re were tested for each milk type, each tube size and each bacteria type. Inactivation efficiency increased as the Re increased in both the reactors for both types …

Understanding The Molecular Information Contained In Principal Component Analysis Of Vibrational Spectra Of Biological Systems, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne

Articles

K-means clustering followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to analyse Raman spectroscopic maps of single biological cells. K-means clustering successfully identifies regions of cellular cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleoli, but the mean spectra do not differentiate their biochemical composition. The loadings of the principal components identified by PCA shed further light on the spectral basis for differentiation but they are complex and, as the number of spectra per cluster is imbalanced, particularly in the case of the nucleoli, the loadings under-represent the basis for differentiation of some cellular regions. Analysis of pure bio-molecules, both structurally and spectrally distinct, in …

An Environmental Analysis Of Illinois Coal Entry Into The Transportation Market, Darin M. Starkey, James A. Mathias, Bradley C. Paul

Articles

Using Illinois coal in transportation has varied environmental consequences. This study calculated the total CO₂ emissions from gasoline and eight other vehicle propulsion methods (VPMs) involving Illinois coal. VPMs of Ultra Super Critical electrical cycle (USC), Integrated Gasification Combined electrical Cycle (IGCC), Pulverized coal in a Sub-Critical electrical cycle (PSC), and electricity from a hydrogen fuel cell emitted the lowest CO₂. VPMs using Illinois coal to produce ethanol, butanol, and IGCC/ethanol emitted CO₂ comparable to gasoline. The VPM of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel emitted the most CO₂. It was concluded that energy efficiency and CO …

Climate Change And The Conservation Of Archaeological Sites: A Review Of Impacts Theory, Caithleen Daly

Articles

This article identifies the current state of knowledge in the literature regarding the possible impacts of future climatic change on archaeological sites and ensembles. Drawing on the literature review a matrix of potential impacts is collated to provide a simplified overview. This theoretical ‘menu’ is then tested by applying it to a vulnerability assessment of the World Heritage site of Skellig Michael in Ireland. The case study results reveal some knowledge gaps, particularly in regard to the impacts of climate change on buried archaeological remains.

Holographic Recording In Corona Charged Acrylamide-Based Mfi-Zeolite Photopolymer, Temenujka Yovcheva, Izabela Naydenova, Simeon Sainov, Vincent Toal, Svetlana Mintova

Articles

The influence of corona charging on holographic recording in acrylamide-based photopolymer nanocomposite containing MFI zeolite nanoparticles has been studied. The holographic recording was carried out in two different geometries —transmission grating recording and total internal reflection grating recording. During the recording process, the layers were charged in a corona field. It was observed that independently of the corona polarity, in the case of transmission geometry of recording, the corona charging led to a decrease in the diffraction efficiency (DE) of the grating. In the case of the total internal reflection grating, the DE increased in the corona field presence.

Collateral Censorship And The Limits Of Intermediary Immunity, Felix T. Wu

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The law often limits the liability of an intermediary for the speech it carries. And rightly so, because imposing liability on intermediaries can induce them to filter out questionable content and this “collateral censorship” risks suppressing much lawful, even highly beneficial, speech. The “collateral censorship” rationale has its limits, though, and correspondingly, so should the applicability of intermediary immunity. The worry with collateral censorship is not just that intermediaries censor, but that they censor more than an original speaker would in the face of potential liability. Increased censorship, in turn, is the product of applying liability targeted at original speakers …

Phenomenological Study Of Postgraduate Researchers' Experiences Of Nanoscience And Nanotechnology Research, Deepa Chari, Paul Irving, Robert Howard, Brian Bowe

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Over the past few decades, scientific disciplines have changed significantly with the introduction of new and complex aspects of interdisciplinary research, particularly in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N). The current attempts to develop science education programmes in N&N area to adopt these complex changes however are mainly focussed towards the core scientific knowledge, and, not much attention has been paid to identify the attributes knowledge, skills and competences necessary to successfully undertake N&N research. Identification of these attributes is important so that the core scientific knowledge can be embedded in the curricula more effectively. Also, to work successfully …

On The N-Wave Equations And Soliton Interactions In Two And Three Dimensions, Vladimir S. Gerdjikov, Rossen Ivanov, Assen V. Kyuldjiev

Articles

Several important examples of the N-wave equations are studied. These integrable equations can be linearized by formulation of the inverse scattering as a local Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). Several nontrivial reductions are presented. Such reductions can be applied to the generic N-wave equations but mainly the 3- and 4-wave interactions are presented as examples. Their one and two-soliton solutions are derived and their soliton interactions are analyzed. It is shown that additional reductions may lead to new types of soliton solutions. In particular the 4-wave _{equations with} Z₂xZ₂ reduction group allow breather-like solitons. Finally it is demonstrated that …

Preparation And Characterization Of A Composite Of Gold Nanoparticles And Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Its Potential For Heterogeneous Catalysis, Anne Shanahan, James Sullivan, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne

Articles

A single-walled carbon nanotube-supported gold nanoparticle composite was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The Au particles were found to be crystalline, with a well-defined and narrow particle-size distribution, centered around 7 nm. The activity and selectivity of the composite for solventless aerobic oxidation of a secondary alcohol were examined, and a conversion efficiency of 95% was obtained.

Technical Note: Friction Factor Diagrams For Pipe Flow, Jim Mcgovern

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This technical note describes diagrams of friction factor for pipe flow that have been prepared using, mainly, the equations that Lewis Moody used to prepare his famous diagram in 1944. The preparation of the new diagrams was prompted by the need for vector graphics versions that could be used for teaching purposes and that could be distributed freely to students and others under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike license. Using a structure very similar to that of Moody's diagram, variants with the Darcy friction factor and the Fanning friction factor have been prepared. In addition, variants have been prepared that include …

Domestic Application Of Micro Wind Turbines In Ireland: Investigation Of Their Economic Viability, Zhe Li, Fergal Boyle, Anthony Reynolds

Articles

Electricity generation from renewable sources of energy will be a key part in the development of future strategies for many countries globally. This renewable electricity generation will be hugely important for Ireland, due to its lack of fossil fuel resources. The extremely good wind resource available provides Ireland with the opportunity of generating vast amount of electricity from wind energy. Large-scale wind electricity generation reached 1264 MW installed capacity by January 2010 in Ireland. However, micro scale wind electricity generation has not been very popular in Ireland to-date. The unclear economics of micro wind turbines, under Irish conditions, is considered …

The Impact Of Computer Self-Efficacy And Technology Dependence On Computer-Related Technostress: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective, Qin Shu, Qiang Tu, Kanliang Wang

Articles

Professionals and end users of computers often experience being constantly surrounded by modern technology. One side effect of modern technology is termed technostress, which refers to the “negative impact on attitudes, thoughts, behaviors, or body physiology that is caused either directly or indirectly by technology” (Well and Rosen, 1997). Based on social cognitive theory, this study developed a conceptual model in which computer-related technostress was studied as consequences of computer self-efficacy and technology dependence. Results show that (a) employees with higher level of computer self-efficacy have lower level of computer-related technostress, (b) employees with higher level of technology dependence have …

Julie's 5 Most Frequently Used Notebook Strategies, Julie Patterson

Articles

People always ask, “How do you come up with ideas for writing?” So I analyzed my writer’s notebook and identified my most frequently used strategies for recording, nurturing and thinking about story content.

Numerical Study Of An Ion-Exchanged Glass Waveguide Using Both Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional Models, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Jie Zheng, Qiang Wu, Agus Hatta, Gerald Farrell

Articles

A numerical study is carried out to compare the two-dimensional (2-D) case and three-dimensional (3-D) case for the modelling of an ion-exchanged glass waveguide. It is shown that different waveguide widths on the photomask correspond to different ion concentration distributions after an annealing process. A numerical example is presented of two waveguide sections with different widths indicates that due to the abrupt change of the waveguide width, a 3-D theoretical model is required for an accurate prediction of the parameters of ion-exchanged glass waveguides. The good agreement between the modelled and measured results proves that the developed 3-D numerical model …

Copyright, Fair Use, And The Creative Commons In The 21st Century, Megan Lotts

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As our daily lives become consumed with the World Wide Web and all it has to offer, I question how we view or engage the notion of intellectual property. Is there a better way to share our ideas in our current technological climate without misusing or breaking the laws of Copyright? Is Creative Commons licensing a solution? This paper will briefly look at the World Wide Web and how Copyright law, fair use, and the Creative Commons apply in the 21st century.

Identifying The Knowledge, Skills And Competences For Nanoscience And Nanotechnology Research, Deepa Nathamuni Chari, Robert Howard, Brian Bowe

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Nanoscience and nanotechnology research has influenced the research activities in various scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, molecular biology and biotechnology. The postgraduate researchers working on nanoscience and nanotechnology related research projects in any of these scientific disciplines experience the world of nanoscience and nanotechnology research closely. The examinations of the postgraduate researchers’ lived experiences can certainly unfold the characteristics of nanoscience research as experienced by the researchers themselves and can further illuminate the knowledge, skills and competences required to successfully undertake this research.

Who Benefits From Early Childcare Subsidy Design In Ireland?, Bernie O'Donoghue Hynes, Noirin Hayes

Articles

Best Newcomer Article

The design of policy tools reveals underlying biases that are not easily identified in policy documents. A review of two early childhood education and care subsidies in Ireland aimed at different target populations exposes differential treatment of children, parents and service providers. It also demonstrates how in a split system ‘early education’ is prioritised over ‘childcare’. The designs serve to reinforce stereotypes that enable the powerful and advantaged to accrue benefits while those perceived to be less deserving are burdened through the maldistribution of resources.

Hiring Teams, Firms, And Lawyers: Evidence Of The Evolving Relationship In The Corporate Legal Market, Michele M. Destefano, John C. Coates, Ashish Nanda, David B. Wilkins

Articles

How are relationships between corporate clients and law firms evolving? Drawing on interview and survey data from 166 chief legal officers of S&P 500 companies from 2006-2007, we find that-contrary to standard depictions of corporate client-provider relationships-(1) large companies have relationships with ten to twenty preferred providers; (2) these relationships continue to be enduring, and (3) clients focus not only on law firm platforms and lead partners, but also on teams and departments within preferred providers, allocating work to these subunits at rival firms over time and following "star" lawyers, especially if they move as part of a team. The …

What Is Wrong About Wrongdoing, Anthony J. Sebok

Articles

This short article, which was prepared for a conference on civil recourse theory at Florida State University School of Law, asks whether Blackstone’s rejection of maintenance is inconsistent with the theoretical commitments of modern civil recourse theory. Blackstone strongly believed that third parties should not help victims of wrongdoing discover that they have been wronged, this article asks whether modern civil recourse theory is committed to the position (now in retreat throughout common law nations) that third parties who help strangers’ lawsuits are acting against the public interest (or, as Blackstone put it, are “pests of society . . . …

Nonthermal Plasma Inactivation Of Food-Borne Pathogens, N. Misra, B. Tiwari, K. Rahavarao, Patrick J. Cullen

Articles

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is electrically energized matter, composed of highly reactive species including gas molecules, charged particles in the form of positive ions, negative ions, free radicals, electrons and quanta of electromagnetic radiation (photons) at near-room temperature. NTP is an emerging nonthermal technology with potential applications for decontamination in the food industries. An upsurge in the research activities for plasma based inactivation of food borne pathogens is evident in the recent years. These studies have shown that NTP can be used for the surface decontamination of raw produce, dried nuts and the packaging materials etc. This paper reviews the action …

Chair's Message, Michael Herz

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No abstract provided.

Alternative Elements, Jessica A. Roth

Articles

The U.S. Constitution provides a criminal defendant with a right to trial by jury, and most states and the federal government require criminal juries to agree unanimously before a defendant may be convicted. But what exactly must a jury agree upon unanimously? Well-established doctrine, pursuant to In re Winship, provides that the jury must agree that the prosecution has proven every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Yet what the elements of any given offense are is not as clear as one might expect. Frequently, criminal statutes—especially federal statutes—describe an array of prohibited conduct, leaving ambiguous whether …

Activation Of Mmp-9 By Human Lung Epithelial Cells In Response To The Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Pathogen Burkholderia Cenocepacia Reduced Wound Healing In Vitro, Ciara Wright ], Ruth Pilkington, Máire Callaghan, Siobhan Mcclean

Articles

Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of bacterial pathogens that cause opportunistic infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). The most virulent of these is Burkholderia cenocepacia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in CF patients. The aim of this work was to examine the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of B. cepacia complex, which has not been explored to date. Real-time PCR analysis showed that B. cenocepacia infection upregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes in the CF lung cell line CFBE41o- within 1 h, whereas MMP-2, -7, and -9 genes were upregulated in the non-CF lung cell line 16HBE14o-. Conditioned media from …

The Designer Who Started A Print Revolution. Remembering Steve Jobs., John O'Connor

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Article commissioned by Irish Printer to commemorate Steve Jobs.

George C Marshall: An Enduring Model Of Leadership Effectiveness, Jack Clarcq, Richard Demartino, Michael E. Palanski

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General George C. Marshall is universally recognized as a paragon of leadership. Marshall’s effectiveness as the leader of the U.S. Army during World War II, the State Department during the early post-war era, and the Defense Department during the Korean War are well known and documented. As a result of his many accomplishments, a number of researchers and historians have explored traits and factors that underlie Marshall’s success. While many of these efforts provide insight into Marshall’s leadership style, none employ original data (interviews) specifically focused on leadership, management, and character. This paper is based on interviews conducted in 1998 …

Rational Efficiency Of A Heat Exchanger, Jim Mcgovern, Brian P. Smyth

Articles

The authors propose a new and unique definition for the rational efficiency of a heat exchanger. This new rational efficiency is defined in terms of its sub-rational efficiencies: a heat transfer rational efficiency and a friction rational efficiency for each of the fluid systems comprising the heat exchanger. The heat transfer rational efficiency is based on the definition of a mean temperature for the heat source and a mean temperature for the heat sink and reflects the exergy supplied and the exergy received, due to heat transfer only. The friction rational efficiency for each fluid system of the heat exchanger …

Application Of Baranyi Function To Model The Antibacterial Properties Of Solvent Extract From Irish York Cabbage Against Food Spoilage And Pathogenic Bacteria, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta, Sabrina Cox

Articles

Cabbage is a rich source of a number of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, glucosinolates and their breakdown products which may have antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Outer green leaves of York cabbage were extracted with 60% methanol, ethanol or acetone. Antibacterial activities of vacuum dried crude extracts were estimated against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative food spoilage and food pathogenic bacteria. The crude extracts showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities but 60% methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial effect. Complete growth inhibition for Listeria monocytogenes was achieved with an extract concentration of 1.4%, whereas a two-fold concentration …

Human Reliability Analysis In Healthcare, Esa M. Rantanen, Joe Deeter

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The problem of human error in healthcare is well documented. Other domains (such as transportation and energy) have used techniques and methods from the engineering disciplines to analyze and ultimately reduce instances of error. In New York State (NYS), the Department of Health (DOH) requires the use of one such method, Root Cause Analysis (RCA), in investigating and reporting the occurrence of and response to sentinel events by hospitals. Despite the use of the RCA technique in an attempt to identify and mitigate the root causes of error, the problem of human error contributing to sentinel events persists. Experts in …