Digital Commons Network^™

The Minimum And Other Free Energies For Non-Linear Materials With Memory., John Murrough Golden

Articles

Expressions are obtained for free energies of materials with a certain type of non-linear constitutive relation. In particular, the minimum and related free energies are considered in some detail. Minimal states are defined for these materials, and it is shown that any free energy yielding a linear constitutive equation that is a functional of the minimal state has a counterpart in the non-linear case which is also a minimal state functional in this more general context. These results are explored for simple examples, including discrete spectrum materials.

Officiating Removal, Leah Litman

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For the last several years, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has quietly attempted to curtail capital defendants' representation in state postconviction proceedings. In 2011, various justices on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court began to call for federally funded community defender organizations to stop representing capital defendants in state postconviction proceedings. The justices argued, among other things, that the organizations' representation of capital defendants constituted impermissible federal interference with state governmental processes and burdened state judicial resources. The court also alleged the community defender organizations were in violation of federal statutes, which only authorized the organizations to assist state prisoners in federal, but …

Geographies Of Inequality: Urban Renewal And The Race, Gender, And Class Of Post-Katrina New Orleans, Shiloh L. Deitz, Kristen M. Barber

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In this paper, we address pressing questions on the perpetuation of race, gender, and class inequalities in ongoing restoration practices shaping the "New" New Orleans. We unpack federal and local efforts to rebuild and revitalize the city over the last ten years and map the geography of New Orleans at the neighborhood level both before and after the storm. We discuss how mismanaged resources, corrupt profit-taking, conflicts of interest for the stakeholders, and socially unconscious design conditioned a fiscally irresponsible and non-inclusive recovery. These efforts have pushed out already marginalized populations, resulted in the gentrification of historically African American neighborhoods, …

Maths In Prison, Catherine Byrne, Michael Carr

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I teach maths to all levels in an adult male remand prison in Ireland and am also studying for a PhD in maths in prison education in Technological University Dublin (DIT). This paper describes recent initiatives piloted by maths teachers and school management to increase attendance, engagement and certification in maths. It assesses the effects of the initiatives and looks at future potential in this setting and in others. To set the paper in context, I begin by describing a typical day as a prison maths teacher.

Catholic Guilt : Longing And Belonging In The Fiction Of François Mauriac And John Mcgahern, Eamon Maher

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No abstract provided.

On Hearsay, Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

The Difficulties Of Democratic Mercy, Aziz Huq

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No abstract provided.

The Use And Misuse Of Patent Licenses, Jonathan Masur

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No abstract provided.

Toward A Pigouvian State, Jonathan Masur, Eric A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

Compulsive Buying And Branding Phenomena, Seung-Hee Lee, Jane Workman

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The purpose of this paper was to explore the impact of brand variables such as brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand attachment, and perceived brand quality on compulsive buying behavior. A self-administered questionnaire, containing demographic items and items related to compulsive buying, brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand attachment and perceived quality, was used to collect data. Participants were 269 US university students at a large mid-western university (138 men, 131 women; mean age = 21.96). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and MANOVA/ANOVA. Reliability of all scales was acceptable. In the current study, 18% of the participants were classified as …

Measuring The Impact Of Plausibility Pleading, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

Ashcroft v. Iqbal and its predecessor, Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, introduced a change to federal pleading standards that had remained essentially static for five decades. Both decisions have occupied the attention of academics, jurists, and practitioners since their announcement. Iqbal alone has, as of this writing, been cited by more than 95,000 judicial opinions, more than 1,400 law review articles, and innumerable briefs and motions. Many scholars have criticized Iqbal and Twombly for altering the meaning of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure outside the traditional procedures contemplated by the Rules Enabling Act. Almost all commentators agree that …

Encouraging Insurers To Regulate: The Role (If Any) For Tort Law, Kyle D. Logue

Articles

Insurance companies are financially responsible for a substantial portion of the losses associated with risky activities in the economy. The more insurers can lower the risks posed by their insureds, the more competitively they can price their policies, and the more customers they can attract. Thus, competition forces insurers to be private regulators of risk. To that end, insurers deploy a range of techniques to encourage their insureds to reduce the risks of their insured activities, from charging experience-rated premiums to discounting premium rates for insureds who make specific behavioral changes designed to reduce risk. Somewhat paradoxically, however, tort law …

Applying Two-Level Modelling To Remote Sensor Systems Design To Enable Future Knowledge Generation, Paul Stacey, Damon Berry

Articles

Geographical Information Scientists have a need to combine data from many sources and in various ways to synthesize new understanding, producing new knowle­dge [1]. Remote sensor deployments, monitoring environmental phenomena, are a huge provider of valuable data. Often, observation systems are built in isolation, and the data representations are not adequately designed for re-use and higher order knowledge generation. There are many standards that allow syntactic interoperability and sharing of remote sensor systems observational data, such as the OGC’s suite of standards [2]. However, semantic interoperability remains a work in progress [3] [4]. This presentation describes how system design techniques …

Detection And Epidemiology Of Plasmid-Mediated Ampc B-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli In Two Irish Tertiary Care Hospitals, Celine Herra

Articles

This study determined the prevalence and distribution of plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) b-lactamases in Irish Escherichia coli isolates. Clinical E. coli isolates (n = 95) that were intermediate or resistant to cefoxitin and/or flagged by VITEK 2 as potential AmpC-producers underwent confirmation using a MASTDISCST ESBL and AmpC Detection Kit. Multiplex PCR capable of detecting family-specific plasmid ampC genes was performed to detect the presence of these genes. Five PCR- negative isolates were selected for promoter analysis. PFGE and MLST were performed on E. coli isolates that harboured a plasmid ampC gene to determine their clonal relatedness. Plasmid ampC genes were …

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Oral Dysplasia In The High-Wavenumber Region, Hugh Byrne, Luis Felipe Carvalho, Fiona Lyng, Franck Bonnier

Articles

Raman spectroscopy can provide a molecular-level signature of the biochemical composition and structure of cells with excellent spatial resolution and could be useful to monitor changes in composition for early stage and non-invasive cancer diagnosis, both ex-vivo and in vivo. In particular, the fingerprint spectral region (400–1,800 cm^-1) has been shown to be very promising for optical biopsy purposes. However, limitations to discrimination of dysplastic and inflammatory processes based on the fingerprint region still persist. In addition, the Raman spectral signal of dysplastic cells is one important source of misdiagnosis of normal versus pathological tissues. The high wavenumber …

An Entrepreneurial Context For The Theory Of The Firm: Exploring Assumptions And Consequences, Arturo E. Osorio, Paul Donnelly, Banu Ozkazanc-Pan

Articles

While entrepreneurship may be driven by personal interests and lifestyle choices, entrepreneurial actions are not only economically driven opportunity-searching processes but also enactments of social transformation that may or may not lead to socioeconomic benefits. We advance that exploring these entrepreneurial processes can inform a theory of the firm that may explain how socioeconomic processes shape the socioeconomic environment of communities while serving individuals. This article discusses several understandings of the firm, as theorized in extant literature. Guided by these different conceptualizations, we present a case study of an artist and artisan cluster in Western Massachusetts to demonstrate various understandings …

Fatigue Modeling Via Mammalian Auditory System For Prediction Of Noise Induced Hearing Loss, Pengfei Sun, Jun Qin, Kathleen Campbell

Articles

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains as a severe health problem worldwide. Existing noise metrics and modeling for evaluation of NIHL are limited on prediction of gradually developing NIHL (GDHL) caused by high-level occupational noise. In this study, we proposed two auditory fatigue based models, including equal velocity level (EVL) and complex velocity level (CVL), which combine the high-cycle fatigue theory with the mammalian auditory model, to predict GDHL. The mammalian auditory model is introduced by combining the transfer function of the external-middle ear and the triple-path nonlinear (TRNL) filter to obtain velocities of basilar membrane (BM) in cochlea. The …

Surface Modification Of Pen Treated With Ozone And Uv Photooxidation, Entesar Al Abdulal, Alla Bailey, Michael Mehan, Surendra K. Gupta, Xinyun Li, Marc Toro, Gerald A. Takacs

Articles

Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) was treated with ozone in the absence of radiation and the results were compared with ultraviolet (UV) photooxidation using 253·7 and 184·9 nm radiations. The surface modification of the top 2–5 nm was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for chemical changes. Higher saturation levels of oxidation were achieved using UV photooxidation than ozonation. Both treatment methods increased the amounts of C–O–C, C=O and O–C=O bondings while UV photooxidation also increased the concentration of the anhydride/carbonate moieties on the surface. Atomic force microscopy detected smoother surfaces with increasing treatment time for both the treatments. The changes in …

Laboratory Scale Optimization Of Alkali Pretreatment For Improvingenzymatic Hydrolysis Of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse, Arosha L. Umagiliyage, Ruplal Choudhary, Yanna Liang, John Haddock, Dennis G. Watson

Articles

Sweet sorghum has been identified as a promising feedstock for biological conversion to fuels as wellas other chemicals. The lignocellulosic stalk of sweet sorghum, called sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) isa potential source of lignocellulosic biofuel. The primary goal of this study was to determine optimalalkali (lime: Ca(OH)2and lye: NaOH) pretreatment conditions to obtain higher yield of total reducingsugar while reducing the lignin content for biofuel production from SSB. Biomass conversion and ligninremoval were simultaneously optimized through four quadratic models analyzed by response surfacemethodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for lime pretreatment was 1.7% (w/v) lime concentration,6.0% (w/v) SSB loading, 2.4 h …

Improving The Electromechanical Performance Of Dialectric Elastomers Using Silicone Rubber And Dopamine Coated Barium Titanate., Liang Jiang, Tony Betts, David Kennedy, Stephen Jerrams

Articles

In this work, a new soft dielectric elastomer (DE) was fabricated from dopamine coated barium titanate particles and silicone rubber (SR). The results show that the dopamine, in addition to coating the barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT), the coated particles (DP-BT) were highly compatible with SR. In order to achieve a maximum voltage-induced deformation, the minimum secant moduli of DEs were obtained in experimentation at a stretch ratio of approximately 1.6 by applying equi-biaxial tensile strain using the bubble inflation method. Additionally, it was found that the addition of DP-BT into SR led to an increased dielectric constant and decreased dielectric …

Book Review: "The Irish Dramatic Revival 1899–1939.", Tanya Dean

Articles

Book Review of The Irish Dramatic Revival 1899–1939, by Anthony Roche, London, Bloomsbury methuen drama, 2015, 272 pp., £16.99 (paperback), iSBn 9781408175286

Conventional Wisdom In The Writing Classroom: A Short Defence Of Grammar Instruction, Sue Norton

Articles

This article considers whether instructors of writing in higher education ought prescriptively to involve students in the mechanics of standard written English or, rather, encourage them to prioritise ideas and content. Recognizing the reluctance of many practitioners to distract learner-writers with rules, and thereby alienate them from their creativity, it nevertheless recommends judicious delivery of lessons in conventional grammar, syntax, and punctuation. Taking standard written English as a variant that continues to hold sway in general, academic, and professional readerships, the article concludes with a selection of language components relevant to undergraduate writing and commonly addressed by readily available resource …

Rit Libraries Preservation Policy Version 2, Frances Andreu

Articles

Official Digital Preservation Policy of the RIT Libraries.

Does The Constitution Mean What It Says?, David A. Strauss

Articles

No abstract provided.

Eighteen Years On: A Re-Review (Reviewing William N. Eskridge, Jr., The Case For Same-Sex Marriage: From Sexual Liberty To Civilized Commitment (1996)), Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

Comment On Professor Gluck's "Imperfect Statutes, Imperfect Courts", Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

Political Powerlessness, Nicholas Stephanopoulos

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No abstract provided.

Audiovisual Processing Is Abnormal In Parkinson's Disease And Correlates With Freezing Of Gait And Disease Duration, Conor Fearon, John Butler, Louise Newman, Timothy Lynch, Richard B. Reilly

Articles

Background: Sensory and perceptual disturbances progress with disease duration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and probably contribute to motor deficits such as bradykinesia and gait disturbances, including freezing of gait (FOG). Simple reaction time tests are ideal to explore sensory processing, as they require little cognitive processing. Multisensory integration is the ability of the brain to integrate sensory information from multiple modalities into a single coherent percept, which is crucial for complex motor tasks such as gait. 9 10 11 12 13 Objectives: The aims of this study were to: 1. Assess differences in unisensory (auditory and visual) and multisensory processing …

Investigating The Role Of Shape On The Biological Impact Of Gold Nanoparticles In Vitro, Furong Tian, Hugh Byrne, Joao Conde, Tobias Stoeger, Martin Clift,, Alan Casey, Pablo Del Pino, Beatriz Pelaz, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,, Giovani Estrada, Jesús De La Fuente

Articles

Aim: To investigate the influence of gold nanoparticle (GNP) geometry on the biochemical response of Calu-3 epithelial cells.

Materials and Methods: Spherical, triangular and hexagonal GNPs were used. The GNP-cell interaction was assessed via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biochemical impact of GNPs was determined over 72hrs at [0.0001-1mg/mL].

Results: At 1mg/mL, hexagonal GNPs reduced Calu-3 viability below 60%, showed increased reactive oxygen species production and higher expression of pro-apoptotic markers. A cell mass burden of 1:2:12 as well as number of GNPs per cell (2:1:3) was observed for spherical:triangular:hexagonal GNPs.

Conclusion:

These findings do …

Determination Of Nanoparticle Localisation Within Subcellular Organelles In Vitro Using Raman Spectroscopy, Esen Efeoglu, Mark Keating, Jennifer Mcintyre, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Ease of sample preparation, narrow spectral bandwidth and minimal influence from water are features of Raman spectroscopy which make it a powerful, label-free way to study a wide range of biological structures and phenomena. In this context, given the concerns over their toxicology arising from their increased production and use, evaluation of nanoparticle uptake and localisation in biological systems and determination of the mechanisms of subcellular interaction and trafficking can provide long-term solutions for nanotoxicology, and potential strategies for nanomedicine. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is explored to monitor the sequential trafficking of nanoparticles through subcellular organelles in-vitro and to …