Digital Commons Network^™

The Sin Of Turning Away From Reality: An Interview With Father Krzysztof Charamsa, David Paternotte, Mary Anne Case, Sarah Bracke

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No abstract provided.

Innovation And Inequality: Conservative And Libertarian Perspectives, Elizabeth Kregor

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No abstract provided.

Presidential War Powers As An Interactive Dynamic: International Law, Domestic Law, And Practice-Based Legal Change, Curtis A. Bradley, Jean Galbraith

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There is a rich literature on the circumstances under which the United Nations Charter or specific Security Council resolutions authorize nations to use force abroad, and there is a rich literature on the circumstances under which the U.S. Constitution and statutory law allow the President to use force abroad. These are largely separate areas of scholarship, addressing what are generally perceived to be distinct legal issues. This Article, by contrast, considers these two bodies of law together as they relate to the United States. In doing so, it makes three main contributions. First, it demonstrates striking parallels between the structure …

Obama’S Aumf Legacy, Curtis A. Bradley, Jack L. Goldsmith

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In the fifteen years since the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) was enacted on September 18,2001, the Taliban has been removed from power but not eliminated; Osama Bin Laden has been killed and the senior leaders of Al Qaeda as of 9/11 have been captured,killed, or driven underground, although Al Qaeda remains a threat; numerous Al Qaeda affiliates have sprung up around the globe, most notably in Iraq, Yemen, Syria, and Somalia; and most ominously, the Islamic State has arisen from the ashes of Al Qaeda in Iraq to become what the Director of National Intelligence has described …

Antibacterial Properties Of F-Doped Zno Visible Light Photocatalyst, Joanna Podporska-Carroll, Adam Myles, Brid Quilty, Declan Mccormack, Rachel Fagan, Steven Hinder, Dionysios Dionysiou, Suresh Pillai

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Nanocrystalline ZnO photocatalysts were prepared by a sol–gel method and modified with fluorine to improve their photocatalytic anti-bacterial activity in visible light. Pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) were employed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of synthesized materials. The interaction with biological systems was assessed by analysis of the antibacterial properties of bacteria suspended in 2% (w/w) powder solutions. The F-doping was found to be effective against S. aureus (99.99% antibacterial activity) and E. coli (99.87% antibacterial activity) when irradiated with visible light. Production of reactive oxygen species is one of the major factors that …

Because And Effect: Another Take On Inclusive Communities, Lee Anne Fennell

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No abstract provided.

Free Energies For Singleton Minimal States, John Murrough Golden

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It is assumed that any free energy funcuon exhibits strict periodic benav10r tor histories that have been periodic for all past times. This is not the case for the work function, which, however, has the usual defining properties of a free energy. Fonns given m fairly recent years for the minimum and related free energies of linear materials with memory have this property. Materials for which the minimal states are all singletons are those for which at least some of the singularities of the Fourier transfonn of the relaxation function are not isolated. For such materials, the maximum free energy …

Application Of Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display For Investigation Of Movement: A Novel Effect Of Orientation Of Attention, Brendan Quinlivan, John Butler, Ines Beiser, Laura Williams, Eavan Mcgovern, Sean O'Riordan, Michael Hutchinson, Richard Reilly

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Objective. To date human kinematics research has relied on video processing, motion capture and magnetic search coil data acquisition techniques. However, the use of head mounted display virtual reality systems, as a novel research tool, could facilitate novel studies into human movement and movement disorders. These systems have the unique ability of presenting immersive 3D stimulus while also allowing participants to make ecologically valid movement-based responses. Approach. We employed one such system (Oculus Rift DK2) in this study to present visual stimulus and acquire head-turn data from a cohort of 40 healthy adults. Participants were asked to complete head movements …

"Immigrants Are Not Criminals": Respectability, Immigration Reform, And Hyperincarceration, Rebecca Sharpless

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Mainstream pro-immigrant law reformers advocate for better treatment of immigrants by invoking a contrast with people convicted of a crime. This Article details the harms and limitations of a conceptual framework for immigration reform that draws its narrative force from a contrast with people-citizens and noncitizens-who have been convicted of a criminal offense and proposes an alternate approach that better aligns with racial and class critiques of the U.S. criminal justice system. Noncitizens with a criminal record are overwhelmingly low-income people of color. While some have been in the United States for a short period of time, many have resided …

Secrets Of A Head Chef: Exploring Factors Influencing Success In Irish Kitchens, Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire, Hannah Allen

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One-hundred and seventy head chefs from the Republic of Ireland scored 59 variables for success on two scales: (a) competencies needed for success (NS), and (b) personal ownership of these competencies (PO). Results showed that variables were rated with means of 1.18 (extremely important) to 3.23 (moderately important). The top three were an ability to work hard, commitment to quality, and knowledge of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). Variables rated lower in ownership than importance highlight areas for culinary educators to develop training programs. Average wages of head chefs (objective success) mirror the average industrial wage, but higher …

Fuel Price Elasticities In The U.S. Combination Trucking Sector, James J. Winebrake, Erin H. Green, Bryan Comer, Chi Li

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This paper estimates fuel price elasticities of combination trucking operations in the United States between 1970 and 2012. We evaluate trucking operations in terms of vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption for combination trucks. Our explanatory variables include measures of economic activity, energy prices, and indicator variables that account for important regulatory shifts and changes in data collection and reporting in national transportation datasets. Our results suggest that fuel price elasticities in the United States’ trucking sector have shifted from an elastic environment in the 1970s to a relatively inelastic environment today. We discuss the importance of these results for …

Robust Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Based Upfc Controller For Transient Stability Analysis In Autonomous Wind-Diesel-Pv Hybrid System, Asit Mohanty, Sandipan Patra, Prakash K. Ray

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This study presents a comparative study of transient stability and reactive power compensation issues in an autonomous wind–diesel-photovoltaic based hybrid system (HS) using robust fuzzy-sliding mode based unified power flow controller (UPFC). A linearised small-signal model of the different elements of the HS is considered for the transient stability analysis in the HS under varying loading conditions. An IEEE type 1 excitation system is considered for the synchronous generator in the HS, with negligible saturation characteristic, for detailed voltage stability analysis. It is noted from the simulation results that the performance of UPFC is superior to static VAR compensator and …

On Some Zarankiewicz Numbers And Bipartite Ramsey Numbers For Quadrilateral, Janusz Dybizbanski, Tomasz Dzido, Stanislaw Radziszowski

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No abstract provided.

Continuously Adjustable, Molecular-Sieving "Gate" On 5a Zeolite For Distinguishing Small Organic Molecules By Size, Yu Bao, Zhuonan Song, Yi Huang, Weiwei L. Xu

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Zeolites/molecular sieves with uniform, molecular-sized pores are important for many adsorption-based separation processes. Pore size gaps, however, exist in the current zeolite family. This leads to a great challenge of separating molecules with size differences at ~0.01 nm level. Here, we report a novel concept, pore misalignment, to form a continuously adjustable, molecular-sieving “gate” at the 5A zeolite pore entrance without sacrificing the internal capacity. Misalignment of the micropores of the alumina coating with the 5A zeolite pores was related with and facilely adjusted by the coating thickness. For the first time, organic molecules with sub-0.01 nm size differences were effectively distinguished …

Kernel Estimation And Model Combination In A Bandit Problem With Covariates, Wei Qian, Yuhong Yang

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Multi-armed bandit problem is an important optimization game that requires an exploration-exploitation tradeoff to achieve optimal total reward. Motivated from industrial applications such as online advertising and clinical research, we consider a setting where the rewards of bandit machines are associated with covariates, and the accurate estimation of the corresponding mean reward functions plays an important role in the performance of allocation rules. Under a flexible problem setup, we establish asymptotic strong consistency and perform a finite-time regret analysis for a sequential randomized allocation strategy based on kernel estimation. In addition, since many nonparametric and parametric methods in supervised learning …

Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Of Low, Mid And High-Rise Multi-Family Dwellings, Kimberly Bawden, Eric Williams

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We undertake Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for a portfolio of 10 multi-family residences in the U.S. We argue that prior LCA studies of buildings use an inconsistent boundary for processes to be included in the supply chain: The operational phase includes all energy use in a building, but supply chains for the production of appliances, equipment and consumables associated with activities done in the building are neglected. We correct this by starting the analysis with an explicit definition of a functional unit, providing climate controlled space, and including processes …

An Extended Discussion On A High-Capacity Covert Channel For The Android Operating System, Timothy Heard, Daryl Johnson

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In “Exploring a High-Capacity Covert Channel for the Android Operating System” [1], a covert channel for communicating between different applications on the Android operating system was introduced and evaluated. This covert channel proved to be capable of a much higher throughput than any other comparable channels which had been explored previously. This article will expand on the work which was started in [1]. Specifically, further improvements on the initial covert channel concept will be detailed and their impact with regards to channel throughput will be evaluated. In addition, a new protocol for managing connections and communications between collaborating applications purely …

Study The Effect Of Roughness On The Higher Order Moment To Extract Information About The Turbulent Flow Structure In An Open Channel Flow, Md Abdullah Al Faruque, Ram Balachandar

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The present study was carried out to understand the extent of effect of roughness and Reynolds number in open channel flow (OCF). To this extent, four different types of bed surface conditions consisting smooth, distributed roughness, continuous roughness, natural sand bed and two different Reynolds number for each bed surfaces were adopted in this study. Particular attention was given on mean velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress, correlation, higher order moments and quadrant analysis. Further, the extent of influence of roughness and Reynolds number in the depth-wise direction also studied. Increasing Reynolds shear stress near rough beds are noticed due …

Effect Of Reynolds Number On Wall-Normal Turbulence Intensity In A Smooth And Rough Open Channel Using Both Outer And Inner Scaling, Md Abdullah Al Faruque, Ram Balachandar

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Sudden change of bed condition is frequent in open channel flow. Change of bed condition affects the turbulence characteristics in both streamwise and wall-normal direction. Understanding the turbulence intensity in open channel flow is of vital importance to the modeling of sediment transport and resuspension, bed formation, entrainment, and the exchange of energy and momentum. A comprehensive study was carried out to understand the extent of the effect of Reynolds number and bed roughness on different turbulence characteristics in an open channel flow. Four different bed conditions (impervious smooth bed, impervious continuous rough bed, pervious rough sand bed, and impervious …

Design Of Procedures For Rare, New Or Complex Processes: Part 1 – An Iterative Risk-Based Approach And Case Study, Maria Chiara Leva, Nora Balfe, Marko Gerbek, Steve Prast

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The paper describes a proposed approach for operationalizing the Common Operational Picture concept introduced in the EU FP 7 TOSCA (Total Operations Management for Safety Critical Activities) project, in order to jointly integrate and enhance safety, quality and productivity in the production environment. The approach combines different methods for the description and analysis of plant and operations, including Task Analysis, 4D process simulation, hazard analysis and Pareto optimization, and iterates through them to generate a final procedure. The proposed approach has been demonstrated on an industrial case study related to planning of infrequent cold water pressure testing of LPG storage …

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment Of The Microalgae Nannochloropsis Oculata, Janet Mckennedy, Sermin Onenc, Mehmet Pala, Julie Maguire

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) to extract Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) at low temperatures (37 and 55 ^oC) and pressures (5.9 and 7.6 megapascals (MPa)). A qualitative gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that the individual FAMEs extracted varied depending on the co-solvent (methanol or hexane) used with supercritical CO₂. Using hexane, FAME compounds produced were similar to those extracted with soxhlet extraction alone while longer chain FAME were produced when methanol was the co-solvent. The effects of …

Fuel Price Elasticities For Single-Unit Truck Operations In The United States, James J. Winebrake, Erin H. Green, Bryan Comer, Chi Li

Articles

This paper provides fuel price elasticity estimates for single-unit truck activity, where single-unit trucks are defined as vehicles on a single frame with either (1) at least two axles and six tires; or (2) a gross vehicle weight greater than 10,000 lb. Using data from 1980 to 2012, this paper applies first-difference and error correction models and finds that single-unit truck activity is sensitive to certain macroeconomic and infrastructure factors (gross domestic product, lane miles expansion, and housing construction), but is not sensitive to diesel fuel prices. These results suggest that fuel price elasticities of single unit truck activity are …

Tweedie's Compound Poisson Model With Grouped Elastic Net, Wei Qian, Yi Yang, Hui Zou

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Tweedie's Compound Poisson model is a popular method to model data with probability mass at zero and non-negative, highly right-skewed distribution. Motivated by wide applications of the Tweedie model in various fields such as actuarial science, we investigate the grouped elastic net method for the Tweedie model in the context of the generalized linear model. To efficiently compute the estimation coefficients, we devise a two-layer algorithm that embeds the blockwise majorization descent method into an iteratively re-weighted least square strategy. In together with the strong rule, the proposed algorithm is implemented in an easy-to-use R package HDtweedie, and is shown …

The Columbia River Treaty: An Opportunity For Modernization Of Basin Governance, Barbara Cosens

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No abstract provided.

Protecting The Free-Range Kid: Recalibrating Parents' Rights And The Best Interest Of The Child, David Pimentel

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No abstract provided.

Entity Exit: Rights, Remedies, And Bounded Rationality, Mark Anderson

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No abstract provided.

Water Law Reform In The Face Of Climate Change: Learning From Drought In Australia And The Western United States, Barbara Cosens

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Western societies have developed three approaches to governance of common pool resources such as water: 1) The division of the resource into private property; (2) government regulation; and 3) local self-organization. This article asserts that all three are needed in varying combinations to rise to the challenge presented by the impact of climate change on water supply and demand. Drought presents a preview of potential future climate scenarios and Australia and the western United States are both responding to its harshness through innovation in water governance. These experiments present an opportunity to compare the approaches of Australia and the western …

Eighth Amendment's Lost Jurors: Death Qualification And Evolving Standards Of Decency, Aliza Plener Cover

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The Supreme Court’s inquiry into the constitutionality of the death penalty has overlooked a critical “objective indicator” of society’s “evolving standards of decency”: the rate at which citizens are excluded from capital jury service under Witherspoon v. Illinois due to their conscientious objections to the death penalty. While the Supreme Court considers the prevalence of death verdicts as a gauge of the nation’s moral climate, it has ignored how the process of death qualification shapes those verdicts. This blind spot biases the Court’s estimation of community norms and distorts its Eighth Amendment analysis.

This Article presents a quantitative study of …

Adaptive Governance Of Water Resources Shared With Indigenous Peoples: The Role Of Law, Barbara Cosens

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Adaptive governance is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the interaction of locally driven collaborative efforts with a hierarchy of governmental regulation and management and is thought to be capable of navigating social-ecological change as society responds to the effects of climate change. The assertion of Native American water rights on highly developed water systems in North America has triggered governance innovations that resemble certain aspects of adaptive governance, and have emerged to accommodate the need for Indigenous water development and restoration of cultural and ecological resources. Similar innovations are observed in the assertion of Indigenous voices in Australia. This presents …

Avoiding Decline: Fostering Resilience And Sustainability In Midsize Cities, Barbara Cosens

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Eighty-five percent of United States citizens live in urban areas. However, research surrounding the resilience and sustainability of complex urban systems focuses largely on coastal megacities (>1 million people). Midsize cities differ from their larger counterparts due to tight urban-rural feedbacks with their immediate natural environments that result from heavy reliance and close management of local ecosystem services. They also may be less path-dependent than larger cities due to shorter average connection length among system components, contributing to higher responsiveness among social, infrastructural, and ecological feedbacks. These distinct midsize city features call for a framework that organizes information and …