Digital Commons Network^™

A Comparison Of Catabolic Pathways Induced In Primary Macrophages By Pristine Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Pristine Graphene, Caroline More, Jennifer Mcintyre, Luke O'Neill, Hugh Byrne

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Understanding the correlation between the physico-chemical properties of carbonaceous nanomaterials and how these properties impact on cells and subcelluar mechanisms is critical to their risk assessment and safe translation into newly engineered devices. Here the toxicity, uptake and catabolic response of primary human macrophages to pristine graphene (PG) and pristine single walled carbon nanotubes (pSWCNT) are explored, compared and contrasted. The nanomaterial toxicity was assessed using three complementary techniques (live-dead assay, real time impedance technique and confocal microscopic analysis), all of which indicated no signs of acute cytotoxicity in response to PG or pSWCNT. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that …

Marriage Is On The Decline And Cohabitation Is On The Rise: At What Point, If Ever, Should Unmarried Partners Acquire Marital Rights?, Lawrence W. Waggoner

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This article draws attention to the cultural shift in the formation of families that has been and is taking place in this country: Marriage is on the decline and cohabitation is on the rise. Part II documents this cultural shift by using recent government data to trace the decline of marriage and the rise of cohabitation. Between 2000 and 2010, the population grew by 9.71%, but the husband-and-wife households only grew by 3.7%, while the unmarried-couple households grew by 41.4%. Because of the Supreme Court's decidion in Obergefell v. Hodges, marriage is now universally available to same-sex couples. Part …

Improving Classroom Engagement Using Enhanced Teaching Methods, Brian Keegan, Bianca Schoen-Phelan

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Third level student engagement in the classroom can be difficult for a number of reasons. Putting the content aside, factors include the duration of the class, size of the class, and time of day. Introducing classroom activities can be seen to improve student engagement and to reinforce key components. Teaching a technical discipline possess additional challenges in that the requirement to use technology in the classroom may not be feasible due to available building services. However, many students now possess mobile technology which allows them to participate in simple short classroom quizzes. The classroom quiz provides an opportunity to open …

Carrot Or Stick? The Shift From Voluntary To Mandatory Disclosure Of Risk Factors, Karen K. Nelson, Adam C. Pritchard

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This study investigates risk factor disclosures, examining both the voluntary, incentive-based disclosure regime provided by the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act as well as the SEC's subsequent mandate of these disclosures. Firms subject to greater litigation risk disclose more risk factors, update the language more from year to year, and use more readable language than firms with lower litigation risk. These differences in the quality of disclosure are pronounced in the voluntary disclosure regime, but converge following the SEC mandate as low-risk firms improved the quality of their risk factor disclosures. Consistent with these findings, …

Rescued From The Grave And Then Covered With Mud: Justice Scalia And The Unfinished Restoration Of The Confrontation Right, Richard D. Friedman

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Some years before his death, when asked which was his favorite among his opinions, Antonin Scalia named Crawford v. Washington. It was a good choice. Justice Scalia's opinion in Crawford reclaimed the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution and restored it to its rightful place as one of the central protections of our criminal justice system. He must have found it particularly satisfying that the opinion achieved this result by focusing on the historical meaning of the text, and that it gained the concurrence of all but two members of the Court, from all ideological positions.

Modification Of The In Vitro Uptake Mechanism And Anti-Oxidant Levels In Hacat Cells And Resultant Changes To Toxicity And Oxidative Stress Of G4 And G6 Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles., Marcus Maher, Hugh Byrne

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The mechanism of cellular uptake by endocytosis and subsequent oxidative stress has been identified as the paradigm for the toxic response of cationically surface charged nanoparticles. In an attempt to circumvent the process, the effect of increased cellular membrane permeability on the uptake mechanisms of poly (amidoamine) dendrimers generation 4 (G4) and 6 (G6) in vitro was investigated. Immortalised, non-cancerous human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells were treated with DL-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Active uptake of the particles was monitored using fluorescence microscopy to identify and quantify endosomal activity and resultant oxidative stress, manifest as increased levels of reactive oxygen species, monitored using the …

Screening The Low Molecular Weight Fraction Of Human Serum Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne

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Vibrational spectroscopic techniques can detect small variations in molecular content, linked with disease, showing promise for screening and early diagnosis. Biological fluids, particularly blood serum, are potentially valuable for diagnosis purposes. The so-called Low Molecular Weight Fraction (LMWF) contains the associated peptidome and metabolome and has been identified as potentially the most relevant molecular population for disease-associated biomarker research. Although vibrational spectroscopy can deliver a specific chemical fingerprint of the samples, the High Molecular Weight Fraction (HMWF), composed of the most abundant serum proteins, strongly dominates the response and ultimately makes the detection of minor spectral variations a challenging task. …

Book Review: Laugesen & Gauld. Democratic Governance & Health: Hospitals, Politics And Health In New Zealand, Vivienne Byers

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No abstract provided.

Examining Best Practice For A Post-Graduate Module In Food Entrepreneurship, Kathleen Farrell

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As a lecturer in entrepreneurship education, the challenge of embedding an entrepreneurship mindset in my students is of great interest. A traditional lecturing approach is inadequate and there is a call for more creative teaching and a more experiential learning approach. In the words of Plutarch

“Minds are not vessels to be filled, but fires to be ignited”

The author decided to evaluate an existing Masters module on food entrepreneurship in the light of best practice. The approach involved a review of the literature and both EU and national policy documents. The syllabus, teaching methods and assessments on the Masters …

Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys For Orthopaedic Applications: A Review On Corrosion, Biocompatibility And Surface Modifications., Sankalp Agarwal, James Curtin, Brendan Duffy, Swarna Jaiswal

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Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been extensively explored as potential biodegradable implant materials for orthopaedic applications (e.g. Fracture fixation). However, the rapid corrosion of Mg based alloys in physiological conditions has delayed their introduction for therapeutic applications to date. The present review focuses on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications of biodegradable Mg alloys for orthopaedic applications. Initially, the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys and the effect of alloying elements on corrosion and biocompatibility is discussed. Furthermore, the influence of polymeric deposit coatings, namely sol-gel, synthetic aliphatic polyesters and natural polymers on corrosion and biological performance of Mg and its …

Planer Ultra Wide Band Antennas And Band Rejection Characteristics, Waqas Jamshed, Faiz Khalid, Zeeshan Ahmed, Farooq Bhatti

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No abstract provided.

Sage Grouse Groceries: Forb Response To Piñon-Juniper Treatments, Jonathan D. Bates, Kirk W. Davies, April Hulet, Richard F. Miller, Bruce Roundy

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Juniper and piñon coniferous woodlands have increased 2- to 10-fold in nine ecoregions spanning the Intermountain Region of the western United States. Control of piñon-juniper woodlands by mechanical treatments and prescribed fire are commonly applied to recover sagebrush steppe rangelands. Recently, the Sage Grouse Initiative has made conifer removal a major part of its program to reestablish sagebrush habitat for sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and other species. We analyzed data sets from previous and ongoing studies across the Great Basin characterizing cover response of perennial and annual forbs that are consumed by sage grouse to mechanical, prescribed fire, …

The Statistical Relevance And Effect Of Assuming Pessimistic Default Overall Thermal Transmittance Coefficients On Dwelling Energy Performance Certification Quality In Ireland, Ciara Ahern, Brian Norton, Bernard Enright

Articles

In the EU, Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are issued for dwellings whenever they are constructed, sold or leased. Where requiring data would be prohibitively costly, nationally applicable default-values for the thermal transmittance coefficients of the building envelope are employed. Use of such worst case default U-values ensure that a poor dwelling does not attain a better energy rating than is merited. In the absence of empirical data in Ireland thermal-default U-values, as in many other EU member states, are determined by the type and date of construction and then prevailing building codes. Using 463,582 dwellings representing 32% of the total …

The Broken-Hearted Lover: Erwin Chemerinsky's Longings For A Mythical Court, Gerald Rosenberg

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No abstract provided.

Theoretical And Experimental Study Of The Friction Behavior Of Halogen-Free Ionic Liquids In Elastohydrodynamic Regime, Karthik Janardhanan, Patricia Iglesias

Articles

onic Liquids have emerged as effective lubricants and additives to lubricants, in the last decade. Halogen-free ionic liquids have recently been considered as more environmentally stable than their halogenated counterparts, which tend to form highly toxic and corrosive acids when exposed to moisture. Most of the studies using ionic liquids as lubricants or additives of lubricants have been done experimentally. Due to the complex nature of the lubrication mechanism of these ordered fluids, the development of a theoretical model that predicts the ionic liquid lubrication ability is currently one of the biggest challenges in tribology. In this study, a suitable …

Super Strong Clear Statement Rules Down Under, Linda Jellum

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No abstract provided.

On Some Three-Color Ramsey Numbers For Paths, Janusz Dybizbanski, Tomasz Dzido, Stanislaw Radziszowski

Articles

For graphs G1, G2, G3, the three-color Ramsey number R(G1, G2, G3) is the smallest integer n such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order n with 3 colors, then it contains a monochromatic copy of Gi in color i, for some 1 ≤ i ≤ 3. First, we prove that the conjectured equality R(C2n, C2n, C2n) = 4n, if true, implies that R(P2n+1, P2n+1, P2n+1) = 4n + 1 for all n ≥ 3. We also obtain two new exact values R(P8, P8, P8) = 14 and R(P9, P9, P9) = 17, furthermore …

Defining Single Molecular Forces Required For Notch Activation Using Nano Yoyo, Farhan Chowdhury, Isaac T. S. Li, Thuy Ngo, Benjamin J. Leslie, Byoung Kim, Joshua Sokoloski, Elizabeth Weiland, Xuefeng Wang, Yann Chemla, Timothy Lohman, Taekjip Ha

Articles

Notch signaling, involved in development and tissue homeostasis, is activated at the cell-cell interface through ligand-receptor interactions. Previous studies have implicated mechanical forces in the activation of Notch receptor upon binding to its ligand. Here we aimed to determine the single molecular force required for Notch activation by developing a novel low tension gauge tether (LTGT). LTGT utilizes the low unbinding force between single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and E. coli ssDNA binding protein (SSB) (~4 pN dissociation force at 500 nm/s pulling rate). The ssDNA wraps around SSB and, upon application of force, unspools from SSB, much like the unspooling of …

The Lubrication Ability Of Ionic Liquids As Additives For Wind Turbine Gearboxes Oils, Miguel A. Gutierrez, Michael Haselkorn, Patricia Iglesias

Articles

The amount of energy that can be gained from the wind is unlimited, unlike current energy sources such as fossil and coal. While there is an important push in the use of wind energy, gears and bearing components of the turbines often fail due to contact fatigue, causing costly repairs and downtime. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential tribological benefits of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as additives to a synthetic lubricant without additives and to a fully formulated and commercially available wind turbine oil. In this work, AISI 52100 steel disks were tested in a …

Source Separation Approach To Video Quality Prediction In Computer Networks, Ruairí De Fréin

Articles

Time-varying loads introduce errors in the estimated model parameters of service-level predictors in Computer Networks. A load-adjusted modification of a traditional unadjusted service-level predictor is contributed, based on Source Separation (SS). It mitigates these errors and improves service-quality predictions for Video-on-Demand (VoD) by :6 to 2dB.

Some Priestly Depictions In The Work Of John Broderick, Eamon Maher

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No abstract provided.

Freedom Of Conscience In War Time: World War I And The Civil Liberties Path Not Taken, Laura Weinrib

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No abstract provided.

Trade And Tradeoffs: The Case Of International Patent Exhaustion, Daniel Hemel

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No abstract provided.

Cba At The Pto, Jonathan Masur

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No abstract provided.

The Paradoxes Of Public Philosophy, Brian Leiter

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No abstract provided.

Computation Of The Ramsey Numbers R(C_4, K_9) And R(C_4, K_10), Stanislaw Radziszowski, Alexander Lange, Ivan Livinsky

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The Ramsey number R(C4, Km) is the smallest n such that any graph on n vertices contains a cycle of length four or an independent set of order m. With the help of computer algorithms we obtain the exact values of the Ramsey numbers R(C4, K9) = 30 and R(C4, K10) = 36. New bounds for the next two open cases are also presented.

The Positive Law Model Of The Fourth Amendment, William Baude, James Y. Stern

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No abstract provided.

A Fresh Look At Plausibility Pleading, William Hubbard

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No abstract provided.

Sources Of Information On The Trans-Pacific Partnership, Barbara H. Garavaglia

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The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is a free trade agreement between 12 countries in the Asia Pacific region: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam. The agreement, signed by the U.S. and other participating countries in Auckland, New Zealand on February 4, 2016, “promotes economic integration to liberalise trade and investment” and “bring economic growth” to the region and participating countries. One reason for the sense of uncertainty, unease, and concern surrounding free trade agreements in general and the TPP in particular is that the negotiations are not public and …

A Model For The Voltammetric Behaviour Of Tio2 Memristors, John Cassidy, Daryl Fox, Tony Betts

Articles

Abstract A model is solved based on the Nernst Planck equation to calculate the diffusion and migration currents for a species in a thin layer (about 200 nm) confined between two electrodes. This is proposed to account for the current voltage behaviour of a memristor constructed in a similar fashion. At the working electrode, an electroactive species is oxidised and at the counter electrode, the same species is reduced. Upon application of a simple voltammetric waveform, the migration current exhibits a resistance profile at slow scan rates and hysteresis at faster scan rates, indicative of memristor behavior.