Digital Commons Network^™

Silica Gel Coated Spherical Micro Resonator For Ultra-High Sensitivity Detection Of Ammonia Gas Concentration In Air, Arun Mallik, Gerald Farrell, Dejun Liu, Vishnu Kavungal, Qiang Wu, Yuliya Semenova

Articles

A silica gel coated microsphere resonator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for measurements of ammonia (NH3) concentration in air with ultra-high sensitivity. The optical properties of the porous silica gel layer change when it is exposed to low (parts per million (ppm)) and even ultra-low (parts per billion (ppb)) concentrations of ammonia vapor, leading to a spectral shift of the WGM resonances in the transmission spectrum of the fiber taper. The experimentally demonstrated sensitivity of the proposed sensor to ammonia is estimated as 34.46 pm/ppm in the low ammonia concentrations range from 4 ppm to 30 ppm using an optical …

Evaluating The Effect Of Turbulence On Aircraft During Landing And Take-Off Phases, Anthony O'Connor, Derek Kearney

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— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases. Low level wind shear has been identified as one of the primary factors for aircraft go-arounds and aborted landings. During any given year, wind shear occurs thousands of times at airports around the world, affecting the arrival and departure of aircraft. This paper has quantified the direct cost of flight Go-arounds. This paper will show the potential savings to the aviation industry. This paper will argue that a solution to the problem of forecasting low level wind shear and …

Direct Immunoassays And Their Performance: Theoretical Modelling Of The Effects Of Antibody Orientation And Associated Kinetics, Dana Mackey, Eilis Kelly, Robert Nooney, Richard O'Kennedy

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The orientation and activity of antibodies immobilized on solid surfaces are of direct relevance to many immunosensing applications. We therefore investigate a mathematical model which estimates the fraction of antibodies which are available for reaction in a randomly adsorbed sample. Numerical simulations are presented which highlight the separate effects of antibody orientation, accessibility and loss of binding ability on the amount of captured antigen. The assay response can then be expressed as a function of total antibody density and used for optimizing the surface coverage strategy under various conditions.

Review: The Use Of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation To Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (Pbap), Gavin Sewell, David O'Connor, Michael J. Fennelly, Michael B. Prentice, John R. Sodeau

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Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) encompass many particle types that are derived from several biological kingdoms. These aerosol particles can be composed of both whole living units such as pollen, bacteria, and fungi, as well as from mechanically formed particles, such as plant debris. They constitute a significant proportion of the overall atmospheric particle load and have been linked with adverse health issues and climatic effects on the environment. Traditional methods for their analysis have focused on the direct capture of PBAP before subsequent laboratory analysis. These analysis types have generally relied on direct optical microscopy or incubation on agar …

Advances In Switchable And Highly Insulating Autonomous (Self-Powered) Glazing Systems For Adaptive Low Energy Buildings, Aritra Ghosh, Brian Norton

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Building energy reduction requires highly advanced low heat loss, heat gain and comfortable daylight allowing glazing. Presently available glazing systems are classified mainly in two categories, controlling solar heat gain and controlling low heat loss. Low heat loss through glazing systems can be achieved by (i) suppression of convection in the air between the outer panes by use of multiple glass panes or aerogels, (ii) having an inert gas or vacuum between the panes to reduce or eliminate respectively convective heat transfer. In all these systems, low emissivity coatings are also required to reduce the radiative heat transfer. Low heat …

Service Charge Collection In Multi-Unit Developments, Adele Mckeown, Lorcan Sirr

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Multi-unit developments (MUDs) – typically developments of apartments, or apartments and houses, but also sometimes including a commercial component – differ from traditional housing as they have three distinct characteristics: individual ownership of a unit, shared ownership of common property, and collective membership of a corporate body that assumes responsibility for the management of the development (Christudason, 2004). In the Irish case, this corporate body is known as the owners’ management company (OMC). The legal framework for ownership in MUDs is based on leasehold, which means that the purchaser owns the property but not the land on which it is …

Introduction, Lorcan Sirr

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Over many decades, it has been rare for a week to pass without housing-related issues being close to, or at, the top of news and political agendas. As everybody has to live somewhere, housing – and its related elements of property, building, planning and finance – is a topic in which everybody has both a stake and an opinion. It is the most personal of subjects – in many respects, our housing shapes our lives.

Demography Is Destiny: Strategic Planning And Housing In Ireland, Brian Hughes

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The approach to this demographic-based paper on housing comprises a demand-led perspective to spatial planning and housing provision. The principal arguments are that end-use demand is driven by demographic growth and that successful planning is predicated on sustainable market-led implementation. Accordingly, the thrust and direction of Ireland’s National Planning Framework (NPF) must be driven by rational responses to population projections, its growthdriver of job creation, and anticipating the primary locations of future employment and for city-led end-use demand. Since 2006 Ireland’s potential to invest in capital formation has been handicapped by state economic constraints. In the intervening decade its Fixed …

Pathways To The Cosmos:The Alignment Of Megalithic Tombs In Ireland And Atlantic Europe, Frank Prendergast, Gabriel Cooney

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Gabriel Cooney and Frank Prendergast present the context of and outline the approach to this one-day conference organised by Archaeology Ireland on behalf of the National Monuments Service at the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and the Office of Public Works to mark the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018. The event will take place at Dublin Castle on 15 September 2018.

Optical Fiber Fresnel Reflection Sensor For Direct Detection Of The Solid-Liquid Phase Change In N-Octadecane, Wei Han, Marek Rebow, Dejun Liu, Yuliya Semenova, Qiang Wu Prof.

Articles

An all optical fiber Fresnel reflection sensor for detecting the solid–liquid phase change in n-octadecane is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor probe consists of a single-mode fiber with a cleaved end which is immersed in the material sample under test. As the n-octadecane changes from solid to liquid or from liquid to solid, its refractive index (RI) changes resulting in changes of the light power ratio reflected by the probe. Since the RI of n-octadecane during its phase transition changes discontinuously, inflection in the reflected light power ratio dependence indicates the phase change of the sample in the vicinity …

So Ordered The Techniques Of Great Judicial Stylists, Jill Barton

Articles

Judges are writers first. And many write exceptionally well, lacing their prose with artful passages, vivid descriptions, stinging rebukes, and clever turns of phrase. What's even more remarkable is that they do all this while crafting the law.

The goal of great legal writing has always been plain language. James Madison called for concise, straightforward language when defending the U.S. Constitution, writing that it "will be of little avail to the people that the laws are made by men of their own choice if the laws be so voluminous that they cannot be read, or so incoherent that they cannot …

Assessing The Real Risk Of Sexually Violent Predators: Doctor Padilla's Dangerous Data, Tamara Rice Lave, Franklin E. Zimring

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This Article uses internal memoranda and emails to describe the efforts of the California Department of Mental Health to suppress a serious and well-designed study that showed just 6.5% of untreated sexually violent predators were arrested for a new sex crime within 4.8 years of release from a locked mental facility. The Article begins by historically situating sexually violent predator laws and then explains the constitutionally critical role that prospective sexual dangerousness plays in justifying these laws. The Article next explains how the U.S. Supreme Court and the highest state courts have allowed these laws to exist without requiring any …

Evolution Of The Arbitration Forum As A Response To Mandatory Arbitration, Teresa J. Verges

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No abstract provided.

Modularity In Cross-Border Insolvency, Andrew B. Dawson

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No abstract provided.

The Rugged Individual's Guide To The Fourth Amendment: How The Court's Idealized Citizen Shapes, Influences, And Excludes The Exercise Of Constitutional Rights, Scott E. Sundby

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Few figures inspire us like individuals who stand up for their rights and beliefs despite the peril that may follow. One cannot help but feel awe looking at the famous photograph of the lone Tiananmen

Square protestor facing down a line of Red Army tanks, his willowy frame clothed in a simple white shirt and black pants as he holds a shopping bag. Or who can help but feel humbled by the courage of Rosa Parks, a seamstress, who was willing to be arrested rather than sit in the back of the bus?

But while these stories of everyday individuals …

Between Mexico And The United States, Kunal M. Parker

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No abstract provided.

Franchise Regulation For The Fissured Economy, Andrew Elmore

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No abstract provided.

When Impunity And Corruption Embrace: How The Past Becomes The Future In The Struggle Against Torture And Genocide, Elizabeth M. Iglesias

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In this article, Professor Elizabeth Iglesias takes up the challenge of overcoming impunity for atrocity crimes as a problem of structural corruption. Beginning with the 2013 trial and conviction of Guatemalan leader Efrain Rios Montt for crimes against humanity and genocide in the courts of his own country, the article turns to the scandal surrounding United States' President Donald Trump's repeated threats to fire the special counsel investigating allegations that he and his campaign colluded with foreign nationals to steal the 2016 presidential election and the scandal surrounding the nomination and confirmation of Gina Haspel as the first woman to …

Mindfulness Training For Judges: Mind Wandering And The Development Of Cognitive Resilience, Scott L. Rogers, Chris Mcaliley, Amishi P. Jha

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No abstract provided.

Unforeseen Land Uses: The Effect Of Marijuana Legalization On Land Conservation Programs, Jessica Owley

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This Article explores the tension between land conservation and marijuana cultivation in the context of legalization. The legalization of marijuana has the potential to shift the locations of marijuana cultivation. Where cultivation need no longer be surreptitious and clandestine, growers may begin to explore sanctioned growing sites and methods. Thus, the shift to legalization may be accompanied by environmental and landuse implications. Investigating commercial-scale marijuana cultivation, this Article details how, in some ways, legalization can reduce environmental impacts of marijuana cultivation while also examining tricky issues regarding tensions between protected lands and marijuana cultivation. If we treat cultivation of marijuana …

Alabama Song? Lotte Lenya? No. Adolph Hitler!, Patrick O. Gudridge

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No abstract provided.

Is There Any Silver Lining To Trinity Lutheran Church, Inc. V. Comer?, Caroline Mala Corbin

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No abstract provided.

Evolution Of Eukaryal And Archaeal Pseudouridine Synthase Pus10., Elisabeth Fitzek, Archi Joardar, Ramesh Gupta, Matt Geisler

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In archaea, pseudouridine (Ψ) synthase Pus10 modifies uridine (U) to Ψ at positions 54 and 55 of tRNA. In contrast, Pus10 is not found in bacteria, where modifications at those two positions are carried out by TrmA (U54 to m5U54) and TruB (U55 to Ψ55). Many eukaryotes have an apparent redundancy; their genomes contain orthologs of archaeal Pus10 and bacterial TrmA and TruB. Although eukaryal Pus10 genes share a conserved catalytic domain with archaeal Pus10 genes, their biological roles are not clear for the two reasons. First, experimental evidence suggests that human Pus10 participates in apoptosis induced by the tumor …

Design Of Scalable Hardware-Efficient Compressive Sensing Image Sensors, Stefan Leitner, Haibo Wang, Spyros Tragoudsa

Articles

This work presents a new compressive sensing (CS) measurement method for image sensors, which limits pixel summation within neighbor pixels and follows regular summation patterns. Simulations with a large set of benchmark images show that the proposed method leads to improved image quality. Circuit implementation for the proposed CS measurement method is presented with the use of current mode pixel cells; and the resultant CS image sensor circuit is significantly simpler than existing designs. With compression rates of 4 and 8, the developed CS image sensors can achieve 34.2 dB and 29.6 dB PSNR values with energy consumption of 1.4 …

The Pragmatist Tradition: Lessons For Legal Theorists, Susan Haack

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No abstract provided.

Justice Beyond Dispute, Mary Anne Franks

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No abstract provided.

The Central Claiming Renaissance, Andres Sawicki

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The Supreme Court has recently reinvigorated the law of patentable subject matter. But beneath the headlines proclaiming the return of limits to patent eligibility, a more profound shift has taken place: central claiming is reborn.

The Court's eligibility cases are significant outliers compared to today's run-of-the-mill patent law because claim language plays little role in their analyses. In our modern peripheral claiming system, the claim language is the near exclusive guide to the patent's boundaries. But in its earliest days, our patent system pursued a central claiming approach, in which the inventor's actual work determined the patent's scope. The Court's …

The Myth Of Free, John M. Newman

Articles

Myths matter. This Article is the first to confront a powerful myth that pervades modern economic, technological, and legal discourse: the Myth of Free. The prevailing view is that consumers capture massive welfare surplus from a flood of innovative new products that are offered free of charge. Economists, legal scholars, and industry stakeholders created an origin story-a myth-to explain how these products became "Free."

But that orthodox origin story is fatally flawed. This Article formalizes, then debunks, the Myth of Free and its underlying assumptions. The Myth is riddled with internal inconsistencies, logical errors, and factual. inaccuracies. In their place, …

Old Wine In New Bottles? The Trade Rule Of Law, Kathleen Claussen

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No abstract provided.

Atr-Ir Coupled To Partial Least Square Regression (Plsr) For Monitoring An Encapsulated Active Molecule In Complex Semi-Solid Formulation, Lynda Miloudia, Franck Bonnier, Kevin Barreaua,, Dominique Bertrand, Xavier Persea, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munniera

Articles

Attenuated Total Reflectance – Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy holds great promise for industrial applications as a quality control tool for complex galenic formulations. Although the technique is often promoted for the molecular information it delivers in a label free and cost effective fashion, other advantages can emerge compared to gold standard analytical tools such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The present study demonstrates how ATR-IR measurements enable accurate quantitative analysis of an Active Cosmetic Ingredient such as Omegalight® encapsulated in a complex alginate based nano-capsule. The study demonstrates how precise concentrations can be obtained without the requirement for fastidious …