Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Fermentation On Enhancing The Nutraceutical Properties Of Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina), Elena Demarcocastro, Emer Shannon, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

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Abstract:Arthrospira platensis(spirulina), a filamentous fresh-water planktonic cyanobacterium,possesses diverse biological activities and a unique nutritional profile, due to its high contentof valuable nutrients. This study aimed to further improve the bioactive profile of spirulina, byfermenting it with the lactic acid bacteriumLactobacillus plantarum.In vitrocomparison of thetotal phenolic content (TPC), C-phycocyanin, free methionine, DPPH radical scavenging capacity,ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and proteinfragmentation via SDS-PAGE in untreated versus 12 to 72 h fermented spirulina is reported here.After 36 h fermentation, TPC was enhanced by 112%, FRAP by 85% and ORAC by 36%. After 24 h,the DPPH radical scavenging …

Temperature-Compensated Magnetic Field Sensing With A Dual-Ring Structure Consisting Of Microfiber Coupler-Sagnac Loop And Fiber Bragg Grating - Assisted Resonant Cavity, Fangfang Wei, Dejun Liu, Arun Kumar Mallik, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu, Gang-Ding Peng, Yuliya Semenova

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A novel temperature-compensated magnetic field sensor based on a ring erbium-doped fiber laser combined with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a Sagnac loop containing a microfiber coupler (MFC) and magnetic fluid is proposed and investigated. Thanks to the dual-ring structure of the MFC-Sagnac loop and the FBG-assisted resonant cavity, the output of the structure has two distinct laser peaks. In addition to the magnetic field sensing capability, the proposed structure can simultaneously provide temperature information. The maximum experimentally demonstrated sensitivity to a magnetic field determined from the spectral shift of one laser peak is 102 pm/mT in the magnetic …

Assessment Of Genetic Biodiversity Of Several Traits Using Ssr Markers In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Mahmoud Fazaa, Nensreen Nazmy Bassouony, Walaa Essa Essa, David A Lightfoot A. Lightfoot

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Eight primers (RM 315, RM 318, RM 166, RM 302, RM 201, RM 234, RM 526 and RM 144) revealed different levels of polymorphism to tag the related traits of interest as tolerant to abiotic stress, resistant to biotic stress and yield-related traits. Two primers (RM 190 and RM 278) were monomorphic. The percentage of the polymorphism was nearly 80 %. The size of detected fragments ranged from 105–325 bp. A total of 186 bands were scored from the amplification products with the ten SSR primers. Genetic diversity analyses were conducted on the basis of the scores with 176 unique …

Magnetic Field Patterning Of Nickel Nanofibers Using Nickel Precursor Ink, Chaitanya G. Mahajan, Ahmed A. Alfadhel, Mark Irving, Bruce Kahn, David A. Borkholder, Scott A. Williams, Denis Cormier

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This paper demonstrates an easily prepared novel material and approach to producing aligned nickel (Ni) nanowires having unique and customizable structures on a variety of substrates for electronic and magnetic applications. This is a new approach to producing printed metallic Ni structures from precursor materials, and it provides a novel technique for nanowire formation during reduction. This homogeneous solution can be printed in ambient conditions, and it forms aligned elemental Ni nanowires over large areas upon heating in the presence of a magnetic field. The use of templates or subsequent purification are not required. This technique is very flexible, and …

Cover Crops And Landscape Position Effects On Nitrogen Dynamics In Plant-Soil-Water Pools, Gurbir Singh, Karl Williard, Jon Schoonover, Kelly Nelson, Gurpreet Kaur

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Nitrogen dynamics and water quality benefits deriving from the use of cover crops (CCs) are mostly incurred from plot-scale studies without incorporating large-scale variability that is induced by landscape positions. Our understanding of how topography affects the N response in CC systems is limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of topography (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) and CCs (cereal rye, Secale cereale L. and hairy vetch, Vicia villosa L.) on nitrogen (N) uptake, soil inorganic N content (nitrate-N, NO3-N and total N, TN), and N leaching in watersheds that were planted with or without CCs. The …

Absorption Wavebands For Discriminating Oxidation Time Of Engine Oil As Detected By Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Ali Mazin Abdul-Munaim, Torrey Holland, Poopalasingam Sivakumar, Dennis G. Watson

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Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to analyze gasoline engine oil (SAE 5W20) samples that were exposed to seven different oxidation times (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, and 144 h) to determine the best wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges for the discrimination of the oxidation times. The thermal oxidation process generated oil samples with varying total base number (TBN) levels. Each wavenumber (400–3900 cm􀀀1) and wavenumber ranges identified from the literature and this study were statistically analyzed to determine which wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges could discriminate among all oxidation times. Linear regression was used …

Residents As Destination Advocates: The Role Of Attraction Familiarity On Destination Image, Muhammet Kesgin, Rajendran S. Murthy, Linden Pohland

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Purpose – Emphasizing the role of residents as destination advocates, this study investigates the influence of residents’ familiarity with, and, favorability of attractions on destination image. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods research strategy was employed using fifteen individual in-depth interviews and a survey questionnaire with a sample of N=364. The study utilizes an attraction familiarity index to classify respondents into four groups based on high, average, and low familiarity and examines the characteristics of each in the relationship between informational familiarity, experiential familiarity, and favorability and destination image. Findings – The study reveals resident perceptions of attractions within the tourism …

Transferability: Helping Students And Attorneys Apply What They Already Know To New Situations (Part 2), Edward R. Becker

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Part 1 of this column (January 2019) described several ways that professors and supervisors can help young attorneys transfer their knowledge of legal skills and legal practice to new situations. The pedagogical techniques discussed in Part 1 look forward, helping novice lawyers make connections between what they learn today and how to put those lessons into play tomorrow. This month’s column changes direction. Successful knowledge transfer also looks to the past. When young lawyers and law students are introduced to what might first appear to be brand-new legal skills, their ability to quickly make sense of that new information is …

School Of Culinary Arts & Food Technology, Technological University Dublin Newsletter: Spring, 2019 -Spring Newsletter 2019, James Murphy

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The School of Culinary Arts and Food Technology, TU Dublin, Spring Newsletter captured the many events, research, awards, significant contributions and special civic and community activities which the students and staff members of the school have successfully completed up to the Spring period of 2019. The successful completion of these activities would not be possible without the active and on-going support of the 'INSPIRED' friends of Culinary Arts (school supporters) and our school's industry association supporters.

The Impact Of Spatial Occlusion Goggles On The Basketball Crossover Dribble, Alan Dunton, Cian O' Neill Phd, Edward K. Coughlan Phd

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Spatial occlusion involves removing specific sources of visual information such as an object, limb or other information from the visuomotor workspace. In the sports context, limiting an athlete’s visual system to sub-optimal conditions during complex motor skills such as the basketball dribble may be detrimental to performance. However, when normal visual conditions are returned performance may rise above its previous threshold, as athletes then rely less on visual information. In this study, we randomly assigned skilled basketball players into three groups; spatial occlusion (SPO), practice (PRA) and control (CON) and asked participants to execute a basketball crossover dribble task in …

Racial Equity In Algorithmic Criminal Justice, Aziz Huq

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No abstract provided.

Segregation By Citizenship, Emma Kaufman

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No abstract provided.

A Framework For The New Personalization Of Law, Anthony Casey, Anthony Niblett

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No abstract provided.

From Catalonia To California: Secession In Constitutional Law, Tom Ginsburg, Mila Versteeg

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No abstract provided.

Available Food Options At Local Shops In Relation To Food Insecurity Among Older Adults In Sharpeville, South Africa, Sanjoy Saha, Brenda Abu, Wilna Oldewage-Theron, Abdul Egal

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Due to limited resources and complex food access systems in urban areas, especially older adults are more vulnerable to poor dietary intake and food insecurity in low-income areas in South Africa. This study assessed the prevalence of food insecurity among the older adults and explored the availability of healthy foods in local shops. It was a crosssectional study conducted in an eldercare centre in Sharpeville, South Africa with an estimated representative sample of 88 participants. Validated tools were used to measure the socio-economic, dietary diversity intake (24-hour dietary recall), household food security and access from the participants. Listing of available …

The Human Ortholog Of Archaeal Pus10 Produces Pseudouridine 54 In Select Trnas Where Its Recognition Sequence Contains A Modified Residue., Manisha Deogharia, Shaoni Mukhopadhyay, Archi Joardar, Ramesh Gupta

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The nearly conserved U54 of tRNA is mostly converted to a version of ribothymidine (T) in Bacteria and eukaryotes and to a version of pseudouridine (Ψ) in Archaea. Conserved U55 is nearly always modified to Ψ55 in all organisms. Orthologs of TrmA and TruB that produce T54 and Ψ55, respectively, in Bacteria and eukaryotes are absent in Archaea. Pus10 produces both Ψ54 and Ψ55 in Archaea. Pus10 orthologs are found in nearly all sequenced archaeal and most eukaryal genomes, but not in yeast and bacteria. This coincides with the presence of Ψ54 in most archaeal tRNAs and some animal tRNAs, …

Cannabis For Medical Use: Fda And Dea Regulation In The Hall Of Mirrors, Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Deborah B. Leiderman

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A majority of Americans now live in states that purport to authorize medical use of cannabis, although federal law continues to prohibit both recreational and medical use. The current legal regime for cannabis is unstable and may be more effective at deterring research than it is at deterring medical use. Lack of data on medical cannabis products poses public health risks as well as policy and legal challenges. Modified regulatory approaches for other kinds of products provide alternative models for encouraging safety and effectiveness research and providing better information about cannabis products already in clinical use.

Alpha Duties: The Search For Excess Returns And Appropriate Fiduciary Duties, Ian Ayres, Edward Fox

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Modern finance theory and investment practice have shifted toward “passive investing.” The current consensus is that most savers should invest in mutual funds or ETFs that are (i) well-diversified, (ii) low-cost, and (iii) expose their portfolios to age-appropriate stock market risk. The law governing trustees, investment advisers, broker–dealers, 401(k) plan managers, and other investment fiduciaries has evolved to push them gently toward this consensus. But these laws still provide broad scope for fiduciaries to recommend that clients invest instead in specific assets that they believe will produce “alpha” by outperforming the market. Seeking alpha comes at a cost, however, in …

Assigning Protection: Can Refugee Rights And State Preferences Be Reconciled?, James C. Hathaway

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The theoretically global responsibility to protect refugees is today heavily skewed, with just ten countries – predominantly very poor – hosting more than half of the world’s refugee population. Refugee protection has moreover become tantamount to warehousing for most refugees, with roughly half of the world’s refugees stuck in “protracted refugee situations” for decades with their lives on hold. Both concerns – the unprincipled allocation of responsibility based on accidents of geography and the desperate need for greater attention to resettlement as a core protection response – cry out for a global, managed system to protect refugees.

Moving Towards The Second Generation Of Lignocellulosic Biorefineries In The Eu: Drivers, Challenges, And Opportunities, Shady S. Hassan, Gwilym A. Williams, Amit K. Jaiswal

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The EU aims to achieve a variety of ambitious climate change mitigation and sustainable development goals by 2030. To deliver on this aim, the European Commission (EC) launched the bioeconomy strategy in 2012. At the heart of this policy is the concept of the sustainable Biorefinery, which is based centrally on a cost-effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioenergy and bioproducts. The first generation of biorefineries was based on utilization of edible food crops, which raised a “food vs. fuel” debate and questionable sustainability issues. To overcome this, lignocellulosic feedstock options currently being pursued range from non-food crops to agroforestry …

Custodial Compulsion, Kyron J. Huigens

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In cases that fall under Miranda v Arizona, police interrogators not only give a suspect reasons to confess; they also suggest that the suspect ought to confess. In doing so, interrogators effectively invoke the Wigmorean duty of a citizen to produce any evidence he has in his possession, including his own confession. That is, they invoke the duty against which the Self Incrimination Clause stands, so that the clause is applicable to police interrogations, and is violated where it is not waived. This means that “a Miranda violation” is a violation of the Self Incrimination Clause in the field, just …

Long-Term Evidence For Fire As An Ecohydrologic Threshold-Reversal Mechanism On Woodland-Encroached Sagebrush Shrublands, Christopher Jason Williams, Frederick B. Pierson, Sayjro K. Nouwakpo, Patrick R. Kormos, Osama Z. Al-Hamdan, Mark A. Weltz

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Encroachment of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands by pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) conifers (woodland encroachment) induces a shift from biotic‐controlled resource retention to abiotic‐driven loss of soil resources. This shift is driven by a coarsening of the vegetation structure with increasing dominance of site resources by trees. Competition between the encroaching trees and understory vegetation for limited soil and water resources facilitates extensive bare intercanopy area between trees and concomitant increases in run‐off and erosion that, over time, propagate persistence of the shrubland‐to‐woodland conversion. We evaluated whether tree removal by burning can decrease late‐succession woodland …

Sustainable Energy Governance In South Tyrol (Italy): A Probabilistic Bipartite Network Model, Jessica Belest, Laura Secco, Elena Pisani, Alberto Caimo

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At the national scale, almost all of the European countries have already achieved energy transition targets, while at the regional and local scales, there is still some potential to further push sustainable energy transitions. Regions and localities have the support of political, social, and economic actors who make decisions for meeting existing social, environmental and economic needs recognising local specificities.

These actors compose the sustainable energy governance that is fundamental to effectively plan and manage energy resources. In collaborative relationships, these actors share, save, and protect several kinds of resources, thereby making energy transitions deeper and more effective.

This research …

Introduction To The Absolute Brightness And Number Statistics In Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion, James Schneeloch, Samuel H. Knarr, Daniela F. Bogorin, Mackenzie L. Levangie, Christopher C. Tison, Rebecca Frank, Gregory A. Howland, Michael L. Fanto, Paul M. Alsing

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As a tutorial, we examine the absolute brightness and number statistics of photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) from first principles. In doing so, we demonstrate how the diverse implementations of SPDC can be understood through a single common framework, and use this to derive straightforward formulas for the biphoton generation rate (pairs per second) in a variety of different circumstances. In particular, we consider the common cases of both collimated and focused Gaussian pump beams in a bulk nonlinear crystal, as well as in nonlinear waveguides and micro-ring resonators. Furthermore, we examine the number statistics of down-converted …

Artificial Intelligence In The Medical System: Four Roles For Potential Transformation, W. Nicholson Price Ii

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Artificial intelligence (AI) looks to transform the practice of medicine. As academics and policymakers alike turn to legal questions, including how to ensure high-quality performance by medical AI, a threshold issue involves what role AI will play in the larger medical system. This Article argues that AI can play at least four distinct roles in the medical system, each potentially transformative: pushing the frontiers of medical knowledge to increase the limits of medical performance, democratizing medical expertise by making specialist skills more available to non-specialists, automating drudgery within the medical system, and allocating scarce medical resources. Each role raises its …

Complete Distributive Rules And The Single Tax Principle: A Review Of Recent Italian Case Law, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Gianluca Mazzoni

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The authors, in this article, examine the application of complete distributive rules as set out in various tax treaties as it relates to the single tax principle by reference to recent Italian case law.

On 11 October 2018, in Decision No. 25219, the Italian Corte Suprema di Cassazione (Supreme Court, CSC) confirmed that treaty provisions limiting the exercise of the domestic power to tax by the source state also apply where the residence state does not actually tax the relevant item of income. In that case, where a tax treaty attributes exclusive tax jurisdiction over an item of income to …

The Influence Of Asphalt Ageing On Induction Healing Effect On Porous Asphalt Concrete, Shi Xu, Xueyan Liu, Amir Tabakovic, Erik Schlangen

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Induction healing is a proven technology which is able to improve the self‐healing capacity of asphalt concrete. Healing is achieved via electromagnetic current produced by passing induction machine, where steel asphalt constituents heat up which in turn soften the bitumen in the asphalt layer, allowing it to flow and close cracks, repairing the damage. This paper reports on the study which investigated the influence of ageing on the healing capacity of Porous Asphalt (PA) concrete. Porous Asphalt concrete mix was prepared first, then subjected to an accelerated (laboratory) ageing process using a ventilated oven. In order to further evaluate the …

Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy To Detect Oxidation Levels Of Diesel Engine Oil, Ali Mazin Abdul-Munaim, Jan Ornik, Martin Koch, Dennis G. Watson

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Diesel engine oil was subjected to thermal oxidization (TO) for six periods of time (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 120 h) and was subsequently characterized by terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The THz refractive index generally increased with oxidation time. The measurement method illustrated the potential of THz-TDS when a fixed setup with a single cuvette is used. A future miniaturized setup installed in an engine would be an example of a fixed setup. For the refractive index, there were highly significant differences among the oxidation times across most of the 0.3–1.7 THz range.

Automatic Acquisition Of Annotated Training Corpora For Test-Code Generation, Magdalena Kacmajor, John D. Kelleher

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Open software repositories make large amounts of source code publicly available. Potentially, this source code could be used as training data to develop new, machine learning-based programming tools. For many applications, however, raw code scraped from online repositories does not constitute an adequate training dataset. Building on the recent and rapid improvements in machine translation (MT), one possibly very interesting application is code generation from natural language descriptions. One of the bottlenecks in developing these MT-inspired systems is the acquisition of parallel text-code corpora required for training code-generative models. This paper addresses the problem of automatically synthetizing parallel text-code corpora …

The Games They Will Play: Tax Games, Roadblocks, And Glitches Under The 2017 Tax Legislation, David Kamin, David Gamage, Ari Glogower, Rebecca Kysar, Darien Shanske, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Lily Batchelder, J. Clifton Fleming, Daniel Hemel, Mitchell Kane, David Miller, Daniel Shaviro, Manoj Viswanathan

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The 2017 tax legislation brought sweeping changes to the rules for taxing individuals and business, the deductibility of state and local taxes, and the international tax regime. The complex legislation was drafted and passed through a rushed and secretive process intended to limit public comment on one of the most consequential pieces of domestic policy enacted in recent history. This Article is an effort to supply the analysis and deliberation that should have accompanied the bill’s consideration and passage, and describes key problem areas in the new legislation. Many of the new changes fundamentally undermine the integrity of the tax …