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Articles 19561 - 19590 of 20020
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Due Process Of Law In Procedure, Edson R. Sunderland
Due Process Of Law In Procedure, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
There are two classes of cases which may arise under the "due process" provisions of the 5th and 14th Amendments of the United States Constitution, so far as rules of procedure are concerned. One embraces cases of new remedial processes which may be criticized as too radical. The other consists of cases of old processes which may be criticized as obsolete and out of harmony with prevailing conceptions of justice. Due process may thus be said to fill the wide space between those innovations which carry us so far away from established methods as to remove the safeguards which are …
Bringing Third Parties Into Actions At Law—Set-Off Against The Assignor, Edson R. Sunderland
Bringing Third Parties Into Actions At Law—Set-Off Against The Assignor, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
It frequently happens, in an action by an assignee, that the defendant wishes to use as a cross-action a claim against the assignor. This results in no diffiulty unless the amount of the set-off against the assignor is greater than the claim of the plaintiff, or unless the cross-action calls for a specific remedy against the assigner in addition to its defensive effect upon the plaintiff's demand. In each of these cases we have a three-sided controversy. In the first, the set-off operates against the plaintiff to the extent of his claim and against the assignor for the balance. In …
Declaratory Judgment - Declaring Rights Under The Guise Of Granting An Injunction, Edson R. Sunderland
Declaratory Judgment - Declaring Rights Under The Guise Of Granting An Injunction, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
It has often been held that a party may obtain a judicial determination of his rights in respect to legislation alleged to be invalid, by means of an application to a court of equity for an injunction restraining the enforcement of the statute. Ex parte Young (1907) 209 U. S. 123, is the leading case of this type. There, a railroad rate statute was involved, which required compliance by all railroad companies in the state, under the threat of heavy penalties. The railroad actually violated the provisions of the statute after an injunction had been obtained by a stockholder restraining …
Declaratory Judgments, Ralph W. Aigler
Declaratory Judgments, Ralph W. Aigler
Articles
The Declaratory Judgments Act of Michigan (Act No. 150, P. A. 1919) provided as follows: (Sec. 1) "No action or proceeding in any court of record shall be open to objection on the ground that a merely declaratory judgment, decree or order is sought thereby, and the court may make binding declarations of rights whether any consequential relief is or could be claimed, or not, including the determination, at the instance of anyone claiming to be interested under a deed, will or other written instrument, of any question of construction arising under the instrument and a declaration of the rights …
Declaratory Judgments, Edson R. Sunderland
Declaratory Judgments, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
The widespread interest in this new form of remedial instrument, which was somewhat dashed by the recent decision of the Michigan Supreme Court in Anway v. Grand Rapids Ry. Co. (1920), 211 Mich. 59, holding declaritoty relief to be non-judicial and outside the constitutional power of courts (19 MICH. LAW REV. 86), has been revived by the action of the legislature of Kansas in enacting a declaratory judgment statute almost identical with the Michigan act. This was done with full knowledge of the decision in the Anway case, and inasmuch as it is well known that some of the judges …
The Usefulness Of Intervention As A Remedy In Attachment, Edson R. Sunderland
The Usefulness Of Intervention As A Remedy In Attachment, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
While rules of procedure are not saved from the rude hand of the reformer by the "due process" guarantees of our constitutions, they do rest, nevertheless, under the very efficient protection of professional conservatism. Such rules are looked upon by the bench and bar as their own special concern, and innovations in this field must maintain the burden of proving their character before both the lawyer members of the legislature and the lawyers and judges who interpret them in the course of litigation. It would be natural, therefore, to expect that a proposed reform in procedure would have to meet …
Adversary Parties - Same Person As Both Plaintiff And Defendant, Edson R. Sunderland
Adversary Parties - Same Person As Both Plaintiff And Defendant, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
Under the regulations promulgated by the Railroad Administration in 1918, all actions for injury to persons or property growing out of the possession or control of any railroad or system of transportation by the Director General of Railroads were required to be brought against the Director General. ORDER No. 50. Some courts refused to follow this order on the ground that it was contrary to the statute creating federal control. Lavalle v. Northern Pacific Railway Company, (1919), 143 Minn. 74; Franke v. Chicago & N. W. Ry. Co., (1919), 170 Wis. 71. But Order No. 50 has been generally observed, …
The Permanent International Court Of Justice, Edwin D. Dickinson
The Permanent International Court Of Justice, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
For the first time in history leading powers both great and small have been able to agree upon a plan for an international court of justice. The plan was formulated last summer by an advisory committee of jurists sitting at The Hague. Since then it has been submitted to the Council and the Assembly of the League of Nations and has been approved. It will come into operation as soon as the project has been ratified by a majority of the nations belonging to the League.
The Newberry Case, Ralph W. Aigler
The Newberry Case, Ralph W. Aigler
Articles
Senator Newberry of Michigan and sixteen others were convicted in the United States District Court on the charge that they "unlawfully and feloniously did conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to commit the offense [in the Newberry indictment] on his part of wilfully violating the act of Congress approved June 25, 1910, as amended, by giving, contributing, expending, and using and by causing to be given, contributed, expended and used in procuring his nomination and election at said primary and general elections, a greater sum than the laws of Michigan permitted and above ten thousand dollars," etc. The Act of …
Disqualification Of Judges By Prejudice, Edson R. Sunderland
Disqualification Of Judges By Prejudice, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
Under the provisions of Section 21 of the Federal Judicial Code, Victor Berger and others, who had been indicted under the Espionage Act in the Northern District of Illinois, filed an affidavit charging Judge Landis with personal bias and prejudice against them as German-Americans, and moved for the assignment of another judge to preside at their trial. The motion was overruled by Judge Landis, and he himself presided at the trial, and the defendants were convicted and sentenced. The Supreme Court of the United States, to which the matter came on certificate, held, three justices dissenting, that Judge Landis could …
Gratuitous Partial Assignments, Edwin D. Dickinson
Gratuitous Partial Assignments, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
Is it possible to make an effective and irrevocable assignment by way of gift of part of a chose in action? There are no obvious reasons why it should not be possible. Gifts of a great variety of valuable rights are favored and protected by the law. Why not a gift of part of a chose in action? An answer deduced from the decided cases is not in all respects as certain and satisfactory as one might anticipate. Perhaps it is not too much to say that the answer is problematical. The problem invites interest, not only because it appears …
Public Policy And Personal Opinion, John B. Waite
Public Policy And Personal Opinion, John B. Waite
Articles
THE real relation of economics to law, only recently acquiring positive recognition, is illuminated by the varying decisions in regard to attempted restrictions on the enjoyment of personal property.
The Constitution And Nationalism, Henry M. Bates
The Constitution And Nationalism, Henry M. Bates
Articles
Dean Bates comments on the alarming trend of nationalism in America: "Blind indeed must he be who supposes that our legal and political institutions can escape profound modification by those great changes in commercial, industrial, political and social conditions which, in part, were caused by the world war, but were greatly intensified by it.... No intelligent person, who has any knowledge of history and of the protection which local government has always given to human freedom, can fail to feel a deep and at times shuddering sense of apprehension at the rapidity with which we are massing our governmental power …
Equitable Defenses Under Modern Codes, Edward W. Hinton
Equitable Defenses Under Modern Codes, Edward W. Hinton
Articles
No abstract provided.
Joinder Of Actions, Edson R. Sunderland
Joinder Of Actions, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
There is a further striking failure which must be charged to the legal profession in America, which grows out of the one just noted, and that is its ignorance of and indifference to improvements in procedural practice developed in other jurisdictions. It is safe to say that if a new method of treating cancer were discovered and successfully employed in England; every intelligent doctor in the world would almost immediately know about it and attempt to take advantage of it. But it is equally safe to say that if a new and successful method of treating some procedural problem were …
A Course In Statutes, Ernst Freund
The Execution Of Peace With Germany: An Experiment In International Organization, Edwin D. Dickinson
The Execution Of Peace With Germany: An Experiment In International Organization, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
IN one respect, at least, the Peace of Versailles is unlike any of the great European settlements of earlier date. The provisions included to ensure the execution of its terms are vastly more ambitious in scope and more elaborate in detail than anything of the kind contained in earlier treaties. There is an extraordinary emphasis upon organization for the enforcement of peace.
Is The Assignee Of A Contract Liable For The Non-Performance Of Delegated Duties?, Grover C. Grismore
Is The Assignee Of A Contract Liable For The Non-Performance Of Delegated Duties?, Grover C. Grismore
Articles
IT is an oft recurring statement that "rights arising out of a contract cannot be transferred if they are coupled with liabilities." It is such obscure statements as this which give rise to and perpetuate error, and an examination of the cases will show that this one has been responsible for no little confusion in regard to the matter of assignment in the law of Contract. Our courts, under the pressure of a well filled docket, are prone to seize upon a broad generalization of this kind without examining its true meaning or defining its proper limitations. It is high …
Three Suggestions Concerning Future Interests, Ernst Freund
Three Suggestions Concerning Future Interests, Ernst Freund
Articles
No abstract provided.
Public Utilities—Franchise Rates As Affected By The World War, Edwin C. Goddard
Public Utilities—Franchise Rates As Affected By The World War, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
The economic convulsions due to the World War are abundantly reflected in the relations between the public and their public utilities operating under franchises fixing rates for service. The enormous rise in cost of labor and materials has, in many cases, so reduced the net income of such utilities as to make it a negative quantity at existing franchise rates. The utilities are crying to be saved from bankruptcy, but the unfortunate suspicion bred by past dealings of many such companies has made the public skeptical, and perhaps in many cases entirely unreasonable. In some cases plain selfishness may explain …
The Courts As Authorized Legal Advisors Of The People, Edson R. Sunderland
The Courts As Authorized Legal Advisors Of The People, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
It is doubtful whether American legal institutions have witnessed a more far-reaching procedural reform since New York adopted its Code of Civil Procedure in 1848, than the movement toward the authorization of judicial declarations of rights which has received its chief impetus from legislation enacted in three American States during the past year. A somewhat timid step in this direction was taken by the New Jersey Chancery Practice Act of 1915, but it disclosed a want of confidence in the broad effectiveness of the remedy. Now for the first time American legislation has definitely committed itself to the principle that …
Public Utility Valuation - Cost Of Reproduction Theory And The World War, Edwin C. Goddard
Public Utility Valuation - Cost Of Reproduction Theory And The World War, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
The very grave objections to the cost-of-reproduction theory of valuation of public utilities was pointed out at large in 15 MICH. L. REV. 205. The violent price changes following the World War have greatly increased the weight of these objections to calling anything a base which rests on such uncertainties and fluctuations as cost-of-reproduction. A base should be stable, but this has the stability Of a flying machine. There had been a rising curve of costs from 1893 to 1916, but since that date the rise has been almost vertical. The public utilities by- the thousands desire to take advantage …
Nebulous Injunctions, Edgar N. Durfee
Nebulous Injunctions, Edgar N. Durfee
Articles
Injunctive relief is sought against alleged wrongdoing which is merely incidental to the conduct of a legitimate business. The wrong is established and the court is satisfied that an injunction should issue. Yet some nice questions remain as to the scope and terms of the decree.
Privileged Communication Between Attorney And Client-Question Of Whether The Relation Exists Left To Jury-Party Allowed To Assign Error On Ruling Violating The Privilege, Victor H. Lane
Articles
This procedure was justified in the opinion in State v. Snook (Court of Errors and "Appeals of N. J., 1920), 109 Atl. 289. Snook was on trial for manslaughter charged as having been committed by the reckless driving of an automobile. After the act, Mimmick, one of the persons in the automobile, and afterward a witness for the defense, went to an attorney and had some conversation with him, the substance of which, as testified to by the attorney, was a recital by M. of what had occurred and an inquiry by him of the attorney as to what he …
Evidence - Disputable Presumptions; Can They Be Weighed?, Victor H. Lane
Evidence - Disputable Presumptions; Can They Be Weighed?, Victor H. Lane
Articles
The evidential force of presumptions under the California Civil Code, I96I, was considered and the statute construed in Everett v. Stazdard Accident Insurance Co., - Cal. - , 187 Pac. 996. The defense to an action on an insurance policy, by one claiming to be the wife of the insured, was that she did not have that relationship because the marriage ceremony under which she claimed occurred while the insured had another wife then living. The question arose as to the effect upon the determination of this question of fact of the presumption that the deceased did not commit a …
Conflict Of Laws--The Law Controlling The Validity Of A Married Woman's Contract, Victor H. Lane
Conflict Of Laws--The Law Controlling The Validity Of A Married Woman's Contract, Victor H. Lane
Articles
The case of Poole v. Perkins (Va.), IO S. E. 240, involves that troublesome question of whether the validity of a contract is to be ruled by the law of the place where made, or by that of the place of performance.
Effect Of An Agreement By One Person To Supply Another's 'Requirements' Of A Given Commodity, Grover C. Grismore
Effect Of An Agreement By One Person To Supply Another's 'Requirements' Of A Given Commodity, Grover C. Grismore
Articles
The cases show that the kind of agreement indicated by the heading of this note has become an established part of business usage. In normal times such an agreement is likely to be carried out to the entire satisfaction of both parties, without question, but, in a period of changing business conditions and abnormal price flctuations such as we have witnessed during the last few years, nice questions of interpretation are likely to arise, as is well illustrated by the recent case of Oscar Schlegel Mfg. Co. v. Peter Coopers Glue Factory, (1920) 179 N. Y. S. 271.
The Legal Status Of Abstract Books, Literary Property, Implied Contract Of Secrecy, Unfair Trade, Edgar N. Durfee
The Legal Status Of Abstract Books, Literary Property, Implied Contract Of Secrecy, Unfair Trade, Edgar N. Durfee
Articles
A recent case before the Supreme Court of Washington raises some novel and interesting questions. A company engaged in the abstract business mortgaged its "records, bookt, plats." After suit was commenced to foreclose the mortgage, the mortgagor, who remained in possession, made photographic copies of the records and sold them to the defendant who had notice of the mortgage of the originals. The foreclosure resulted in a sale of the property, described as in the mortgage, to the plaintiff. Whether plaintiff knew at this time of the existence of the copies does not appear. Plaintiff is using the original records …
Epithetical Jurisprudence And The Annexation Of Fixtures, Joseph H. Drake
Epithetical Jurisprudence And The Annexation Of Fixtures, Joseph H. Drake
Articles
If we begin with all the facts of a controversy and proceed inductively to determine the rights of the parties litigant, we thus arrive at a jurisprudence of rights, whereas, if we reason deductively from a rule, a definition, or a maxim of law to its application in the facts of our case, we can at best attain only a jurisprudence of rules, which has been so aptly characterized as an epithetical jurisprudence. The subject of fixtures is one in which we have great difficulty in applying the inductive method because the courts have been slower in approaching the subject …
Married Women - The Husband's Right To His Wife's Services And To Her Earnings, Evans Holbrook
Married Women - The Husband's Right To His Wife's Services And To Her Earnings, Evans Holbrook
Articles
A Michigan statute passed in 1911 (LAWS OF 1911, ch. 196; COMP. LAWS 1915, § 11478) provided that a married woman should be "entitled to * * * earnings acquired * ** * as the result of her personal efforts." A married woman, before 1911, had worked as housekeeper for X and had continued to work for him after 1911; on his death she filed a claim against his estate for her services during the whole period. Held, she could not recover for the period before 1911, as her services and earnings prior to that date belonged to her husband.