Digital Commons Network^™

Information Asymmetries And The Rights To Exclude, Lior Strahilevitz

Articles

No abstract provided.

Small Ramsey Numbers, Stanislaw Radziszowski

Articles

We present data which, to the best of our knowledge, includes all known nontrivial values and bounds for specific graph, hypergraph and multicolor Ramsey numbers, where the avoided graphs are complete or complete without one edge. Many results pertaining to other more studied cases are also presented. We give references to all cited bounds and values, as well as to previous similar compilations. We do not attempt complete coverage of asymptotic behavior of Ramsey numbers, but concentrate on their specific values.

Transverse Disks, Symbolic Dynamics, Homology Direction Bectors, And Thurston-Nielson Theory, William Basener

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We review some properties of transverse disks and use symbolic dynamics to determine rotation vectors from the return map to a transverse disk. We also prove connections between the symbolic dynamics and Nielson equivalence of orbits.

The Teaching-Research Relationship In Higher Education, Claire M. Mcdonnell

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This paper examines higher education policy regarding the relationship between research and teaching. The initial issue dealt with is whether current policy in Irish higher education recognises a relationship between research and teaching, and to examine the dual role of academics as teachers and as researchers. This is followed by an examination of any measures put in place to manage and balance the teaching–research relationship. The way in which the relationship between research and teaching is dealt with both in my own institution, the Technological University Dublin, and in higher education policy in a number of other countries is then …

Implications Of Mass Education On Chemistry Higher Education, Christine O'Connor

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The following paper discusses the implications of government policy for widening access and participation in third level institutes. The increase in ‘non-traditional’ students has been widely recognised on an international scale; however, some issues of inequality still exist. The ‘struggles’ associated with widening participation and the creation of a ‘new’ student type are discussed, with particular reference to chemistry education. A change is needed with regard to the pedagogical approach taken by staff in order to cater for a diverse student body comprising a broad range of learner types, and this must be supported both at departmental and institutional levels. …

What Light Do Professional Doctorates Throw On The Question Of What Counts As Knowledge In The Academy At The Start Of The Twenty-First Century?, Sandra Fisher

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In their article, ‘Professional Doctorates in England’, Bourner et al. (2001: 81) pose the question ‘What light do professional doctorates throw on the question of what counts as knowledge in the academy at the start of the twenty-first century?’ This article attempts to address this question. The article provides some background to the development of professional doctorates. It looks at forces, such as the rise of the knowledge society, economic drivers, and the demands of lifelong learning, that are shaping knowledge in the academy in the twenty-first century. I attempt to interpret these forces in the context of the development …

The Emergence Of Quality Assurance In Irish Higher Education: A Review Of European And National Policy And Description Of The Technological University Dubin Practice, Aidan Kenny

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This is the second in a series of three papers which explore and describe ‘quality’ as a tool in the Irish Higher Education sector. This paper reviews macro, mesco and micro issues relating to quality assurance within the context of European Union Education Ministers’ communiqués and in Irish national policy. A micro perspective is then undertaken pertaining to the Technological University Dubin describing how quality assurance systems and procedures emerged in the Institute. It also includes the Institute’s response to provisions made in the 1999 Qualifications (Education and Training) Act with reference to the necessity of carrying out quality reviews. …

The Quality Movement Discourse In The Higher Education Sector: A General Review, Aidan Kenny

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This paper – the first of a series of three – describes some of the macro milestones in the evolution of the Quality Movement in the industrial environment. The emphasis then shifts to reviewing the discourse relating to quality in the higher education sector in the UK. Attention is given to Quality Assessment, Quality Assurance and Quality Enhancement models. The interface or tension lines between quality as a controlling mechanism or as a tool for development are outlined. Predominant concerns and issues as expressed by academics are clustered into macro questions, the answers to which will require further longitudinal research.

Effect Of Ozone And Calcium Lactate Treaments On Browning And Textured Properties Of Fresh-Cut Lettuce, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Gary Henehan, Jesus Maria Frias, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

The effects of three treatments, 1 mg L⁻¹ ozone at 18–20 °C, 15 g L⁻¹ calcium lactate (CLac) at 50 °C and a combination thereof, were compared on fresh-cut lettuce over 10 days of refrigerated storage. Respiration rate, browning and texture were examined as main quality indicators. The use of ozone produced a significantly (P < 0.05) higher oxygen decline than the use of CLac (from day 3 to day 10). At the end of storage, CLac (alone or combined with ozone) samples had higher oxygen content (∼9%) than ozone samples (∼6%). Enzymatic activity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in ozone samples. Polyphenol oxidase activity in fresh-cut lettuce treated with ozone (alone or combined with CLac) showed lower values on day 1 (−1) and at the end of storage (g⁻¹) than CLac samples (4000–4800 units g⁻¹). Ozone also reduced peroxidase activity to ∼300 units g⁻¹ after treatment. Finally, pectin methylesterase activity was also reduced with ozone, showing a negative effect on textural properties. Data suggested that …

Minimal Rankings And The A-Rank Number Of A Path, Victor Kostyuk, Darren Narayan, Victoria Shults

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Given a graph G, a function f:V(G)→ {1,2,…,k} is a k-ranking of G if f(u)=f(v) implies every u-v path contains a vertex w such that f(w)>f(u). A k-ranking is minimal if the reduction of any label greater than 1 violates the described ranking property. The arank number of a graph, denoted ψr(G), is the largest k such that G has a minimal k-ranking. We present new results involving minimal k-rankings of paths. In particular, we determine ψr(Pn), a problem posed by Laskar and Pillone in 2000 (Refer to PDF file for exact formulas).

Achromatic Optical Vortex Lens, Grover Jr Swartzlander

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A vortex lens is a useful optical device having applications ranging from astronomy to microscopy. Current vortex masks operate across a narrow bandwidth. Two design schemes are proposed for creating a vortex across a bandwidth exceeding 100 nm in the visible region of the spectrum.

The Law Of Implicit Bias, Cass R. Sunstein, Christine Jolls

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Considerable attention has been given to the Implicit Association Test (IA T), which finds that most people have an implicit and unconscious bias against members of traditionally disadvantaged groups. Implicit bias poses a special challenge for antidiscrimination law because it suggests the possibility that people are treating others differently even when they are unaware that they are doing so. Some aspects of current law operate, whether intentionally or not, as controls on implicit bias; it is possible to imagine other efforts in that vein. An underlying suggestion is that implicit bias might be controlled through a general strategy of "debiasing …

Drugged, Carl E. Schneider

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The Supreme Court's recent decision in Gonzales v. Oregon, like its decision last year in Gonzales v. Raich (the "medical marijuana" case), again raises questions about the bioethical consequences of the Controlled Substances Act. When, in 1970, Congress passed that act, it placed problematic drugs in one of five "schedules," and it authorized the U.S. attorney general to add or subtract drugs from the schedules. Drugs in schedule II have both a medical use and a high potential for abuse. Doctors may prescribe such drugs if they "obtain from the Attorney General a registration issued in accordance with the …

Copyright And Incomplete Historiographies: Of Piracy, Propertization, And Thomas Jefferson, Justin Hughes

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Because we learn from history, we also try to teach from history. Persuasive discourse of all kinds is replete with historical examples – some true and applicable to the issue at hand, some one but not the other, and some neither. Beginning in the 1990s, intellectual property scholars began providing descriptive accounts of a tremendous strengthening of copyright laws, expressing the normative view that this trend needs to be arrested, if not reversed. This thoughtful body of scholarly literature is sometimes bolstered with historical claims – often casual comments about the way things were. The claims about history, legal or …

Bridging The Divide? The European Court Of First Instance Judgment In Ge/Honeywell, George S. Georgiev

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No abstract provided.

Modeling The Spectral Effects Of Water And Soil As Surface Contaminants In A High Resolution Optical Image Simulation, Kristin Strackerjan, Lon Smith, John Kerekes

Articles

The primary interest of this research is to introduce selected environmental effects into RIT’s Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) Model. DIRSIG is capable of producing high resolution images (meter scale) using Computer Aided Design models (CAD) of buildings, vehicles, trees, etc. across the full optical spectrum (0.35-25μm). Currently, these objects are modeled in a pristine manner and there is no option to simulate them after exposure to environmental effects. Ideally, we would like to subject a given material to these environmental effects and then accurately model the modified reflected or emitted spectrum. As a first step, we …

Dworkin In The Desert Of The Real, David G. Carlson

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The article critically examines Ronald Dworkin's jurisprudence, particularly his theory of right answers, and defends it against critiques that his approach to law and language creates an unbridgeable gap between theory and practice. Dworkin's central argument is that law has an essence that judges must discover through reflective equilibrium, emphasizing the incommensurability between the judge's act and the symbolic order of law. While critics argue that this approach leads to nihilism, Dworkin counters by asserting that conventionalists are contradictory and that justice, as a decision, necessarily transgresses the domain of law.

Unnatural Rights: Hegel And Intellectual Property, Jeanne L. Schroeder

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The article challenges the common misconception that Hegel's legal philosophy supports the romantic view of intellectual property as an extension of personality or natural right. Instead, it argues that Hegel's framework, rooted in the concept of "abstract right," views property, including intellectual property, as a legal construct created to facilitate freedom and legal subjectivity. The analysis emphasizes the pragmatic and utilitarian aspects of adopting intellectual property regimes within a modern constitutional republic, while rejecting the notion of natural law and highlighting the realization of property rights through alienation and contract.

Equality And The Dialectic Between Identity And Difference, Michel Rosenfeld

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Modern equality as derived from the Enlightenment has always had problems with difference. Whereas feudalism set inequality as the baseline, modern society sets equality as the baseline, but allows for unequal treatment based on differences. Thus, differences among the sexes have been invoked to treat women as inferiors and racial differences to deprive racial minorities of equal treatment. Liberalism has countered these moves by promoting a conception of equality as identity according to which race or gender-based differences are irrelevant for purposes of political participation or employment. More recent claims for equality based on identity politics which callfor a type …

A Survey Of Kiloparsec-Scale Radio Outflows In Radio-Quiet Active Galactic Nuclei, Jack F. Gallimore, David Axon, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, Alan Pedlar

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Seyfert galaxies commonly host compact jets spanning 10—100 pc scales, but larger structures are resolved out in long baseline, aperture synthesis surveys. Previous, targeted studies showed that kiloparsec-scale radio structures (KSRs) may be a common feature of Seyfert and LINER galaxies, and the origin of KSRs may be starburst or AGN. We report a new Very Large Array (VLA) survey of a complete sample of Seyfert and LINER galaxies. Out of all of the surveyed radio-quiet sources, we find that 44% (19 / 43) show extended radio structures at least 1 kpc in total extent that do not match the …

The Effect Of Physiological Cyclic Stretch On The Cell Morphology, Cell Orientation And Protein Expression Of Endothelial Cells, V. Barron, Claire Brougham, K. Coghlan, C. Stenson-Cox, D. O'Mahoney, P.E. Mchugh

Articles

In vivo, endothelial cells are constantly exposed to pulsatile shear and tensile stresses. The main aim of this study was to design and build a physiological simulator, which reproduced homogenous strain profiles of the tensile strain experienced in vivo, and to investigate the effect of this cyclic tensile strain on the cell morphology, cell orientation and protein expression of endothelial cells. The biological response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to a uniaxial cyclic stretch, in this newly developed simulator, was examined experimentally using immunohistostaining and confocal imaging and it was

found that the cells elongated and oriented at 58.9± …

Optical Polarimetry Of The Jets Of Nearby Radio Galaxies. I. The Data, Eric Perlman, Alex Padgett, Markos Georganopoulos, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, Et Al.

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In this paper, the first in a series, we present an overview of new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging polarimetry of six nearby radio galaxies (3C 15, 3C 66B, 3C 78, 3C 264, 3C 346, and 3C 371) with optical jets. These observations triple the number of extragalactic jets with subarcsecond-resolution optical polarimetry. We discuss the polarization characteristics of each jet and, as our Stokes I images also represent by far the deepest optical images yet obtained of each of these jets, we also discuss the morphology in total flux of each jet in detail. We find evidence of high …

On The Economics Of Sustainability, Jeffrey Wagner

Articles

Journal Home Page: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/503305/description#description The purpose of this paper is to work toward reconciliation of the neoclassical consumer choice axiom that "more is better" and the ecological concern that "more is not sustainable." The key is to divide the desired "more" into its rival and nonrival components, for it is the consumption of rival goods (such as plastic) that strains the ecosystem. In contrast, the consumption of nonrival goods (such as bird-watching) leaves little to no footprint . While sustain ability can be enhanced through changing preferences, a menu of taxes, subsidies and/or vouchers can also motivate greater nonrival consumption …

Automatic Tie Point Selection Using Laplacian Of Gaussian (Log) Spatial Filtering, Seth Weith-Glushko, Karl Walli, Carl Salvaggio

Articles

This research examines the utility of an automated image registration technique that utilizes the Laplacian of Gaussian filter to extract semi-invariant ground control points, the use of matrix transformations for efficient management of affine image relationships, and wavelet theory for multi-resolution analysis. Additionally, advances in both composite and predictive transformations will be covered. Results will be presented that demonstrate the utility of these techniques for processing large data sets such as HyVista Corporation’s HyMap sensor. Automation techniques will be highlighted, demonstrating the strengths and weaknesses when applied to images with high degrees of parallax, cloud-cover, and other types of temporal …

Creating A Framework For A Single European Sky:The Opportunity Cost Of Reorganising European Airspace, Niall Neligan

Articles

The object of this article is to critically evaluate the legal framework for a European Single Sky project in light of the recent European Court of Justice decision in International Air Transport Association v The Department of Transport. The article will examine in detail the framework regulations outlining the major provisions from the recommendations of the Commission's High Level Group in 2000, to the implementation at a micro-level by national authorities of the legislation adopted in 2004. Furthermore, this article will examine whether the savings to air service providers from the Single European Sky project in the long term will …

The Religious Origins Of Disestablishment Principles, Marci A. Hamilton, Rachel Steamer

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No abstract provided.

"Nine, Of Course": A Dialogue On Congressional Power To Set By Statute The Number Of Justices On The Supreme Court, Peter Nicolas

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Conventional wisdom seems to hold that Congress has the power to set, by statute, the number of justices on the United States Supreme Court. But what if conventional wisdom is wrong? In this Dialogue, I challenge the conventional wisdom, hypothesizing that the United States Constitution does not give Congress the power to enact such a statute. Under this hypothesis, the number of justices on the Supreme Court at any given time is to be determined solely by the President and the individual members of the United States Senate in exercising their respective powers of nominating justices and consenting to their …

Low-Cost Wavelength Measurement Based On A Macrobending Single-Mode Fiber, Qian Wang, Gerald Farrell, Thomas Freir, Ginu Rajan, Pengfei Wang

Articles

A low-cost all-fiber wavelength measurement technique is proposed and demonstrated. A macrobending standard single-mode fiber is developed as an edge filter with an optimal design and simple surface processing. A ratiometric wavelength measurement system employing the developed macrobending fiber filter demonstrates a resolution of ∼10 pm in a wavelength range from 1500 to 1560 nm with ease of assembly and calibration.

Osteria Di Passignano, Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire

Articles

This is a review of the Osteria di Passignano restaurant located in a remote part of Tuscanny, Italy, owned by Antonori Wines.

Preliminary Results For A Monocular Marker-Free Gait Measurement System, Jane Courtney, Annraoi Depaor

Articles

This paper presents results from a novel monocular marker-free gait measurement system. The system was designed for physical and occupational therapists to monitor the progress of patients through therapy. It is based on a novel human motion capture method derived from model-based tracking. Testing is performed on two monocular, sagittal-view, sample gait videos – one with both the environment and the subject’s appearance and movement restricted and one in a natural environment with unrestricted clothing and motion. Results of the modelling, tracking and analysis stages are presented along with standard gait graphs and parameters.