Digital Commons Network^™

The Supremacy Of Ec Law In Ireland, Elaine Fahey

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No abstract provided.

Heat Transfer Correlations For Low Approach Evaporative Cooling Systems In Buildings, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn

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The experimental performance of an open industrial scale cooling tower, utilising small approach temperature differences (1–3 K), for rejection of heat at the low water temperatures (11–20 °C) typical of chilled ceilings and other sensible air–water heat dissipation systems in buildings, is examined. The study was carried out under temperate maritime climatic conditions (3–18 °C wet-bulb temperature range). Initially a theoretical analysis of the process at typical conditions for this climate was conducted, which indicated that a water to air (L/G) mass flow rate ratio of less than 1.0 was required for effective operation. Consequently for these low L/G ratios, …

A Printed Cpw-Fed Slot-Loop Antenna With Narrowband Omnidirectional Features, S. Shynu, Max Ammann

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The design of a novel CPW-fed printed slot-loop antenna with narrowband omnidirectional attributes is proposed. The antenna geometry is selected to reduce slot coupling, thus achieving both a narrow bandwidth and an omnidirectional radiation pattern simultaneously. A gain of 2.1 dBi is accomplished with high radiation efficiency. Very narrow fractional impedance bandwidths as low as 2.9 are realised with good omnidirectional radiation characteristics. A technique providing unconstrained control of the bandwidth in the range of 1.7 - 6.9% is described.

Rethinking Categorical Prohibitions On Capital Punishment: How The Current Test Fails Mentally Ill Offenders And What To Do About It, Pamela A. Wilkins

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My aim in this short Article is both specific and general. Specifically, I examine whether the Eighth Amendment should be held to prohibit imposition of death sentences upon offenders with severe mental illnesses, as is the case with mentally retarded and juvenile offenders. More generally, and perhaps more importantly, I examine the current Eighth Amendment test for categorical prohibitions, find it wanting, and propose a different test that, at least in my view, more neatly captures what the Eighth Amendment is intended to accomplish.

I believe the key to an Eighth Amendment analysis of categorical prohibitions lies in two dilemmas …

Which Is To Be Master, The Judiciary Or The Legislature? When Statutory Directives Violate Separation Of Powers, Linda Jellum

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Statutory interpretation is at the cutting edge of legal scholarship and, now, legislative activity. As legislatures have increasingly begun to perceive judges as activist meddlers, some legislatures have found a creative solution to the perceived control problem: statutory directives. Statutory directives, simply put, tell judges how to interpret statutes. Rather than wait for an interpretation with which they disagree, legislatures use statutory directives to control judicial interpretation. Legislatures are constitutionally empowered to draft statutes. In doing so, legislatures expect to control the meaning of the words they choose. Moreover, they prefer to do so early in the process, not after …

Reframing The Independence V. Accountability Debate: Defining Judicial Structure In Light Of Judges' Courage And Integrity, David Pimentel

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No abstract provided.

Electronic Tunability Of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fibre, Sunish Mathews, Yuliya Semenova, Gerald Farrell

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The electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fibres is demonstrated for the first time. The tunability is obtained in the wavelength range of 1500 -1600 nm, with a free spectral range of ~ 20 nm. The electronic tunability is achieved by applying an electric field onto the infiltrated photonic crystal fibre which facilitates the photonic bandgap tuning owing to the microsecond order switching speeds of Ferroelectric Liquid crystals. The polarized transmission spectrum shows the behavior of a tunable notch filter with a change in applied voltage. The results obtained could pave the way for the fabrication of …

High Resolution Temperature Insensitive Interrogation Technique For Fbg Sensors, Qiang Wu, Yuliya Semenova, An Sun, Pengfei Wang, Gerald Farrell

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In this letter, we propose a high resolution temperature insensitive interrogation technique for FBG sensors where one FBG acts as an edge filter to interrogate a separate FBG sensor. A high resolution of better than 5 με in strain measurement range from 0 to 1100 με and the best resolution of better than 1 με were verified by experiments. An error of only ±2.2 με is achieved over a temperature range from 15 to 50 °C, indicating that this strain interrogation technique is temperature insensitive. Using an altered system configuration, the temperature was also measured simultaneously with a resolution better …

Analysis Of Temperature Dependence For A Ratiometric Wavelength Measurement System Using Sms Fiber Structure Based Edged Filters, Agus Hatta, Yuliya Semenova, Ginu Rajan, Pengfei Wang, J. Zheng, Gerald Farrell

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Temperature dependence of an edge filter based on singlemode-multimodesinglemode (SMS) fiber structure is investigated numerically and experimentally. The experimental results and numerical results are in good agreement within an operational temperature range from 10 to 40 oC. It is found that the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) has a more significant effect on the temperature dependence of an SMS edge filter compared to the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). In the ratiometric wavelength measurement using two SMS edge filters, a small temperature variation can induce the ratio variation and in turn the wavelength measurement error. It is found the SMS edge filter’s response …

Scaling Property With Professor Ellickson, Lee Anne Fennell

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Bob Ellickson's work is so wide-ranging, thought-provoking, and important that doing it justice here is an impossibility-so I will admit defeat on that score at the outset. Instead, I want to focus on one recurring theme that runs through much of his scholarship and that has been especially important to my own thinking about property: that scale matters. Ellickson cashes out this idea in many rich and interesting ways, but I will use three broad propositions that emerge from his work as a way of organizing my remarks. First, that the scale at which activities and events unfold should drive …

Two Visions Of Corporate Law, M. Todd Henderson

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No abstract provided.

Interpretive Preferences And The Limits Of The New Formalism, Adam Badawi

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A recent movement in contracts scholarship-the so-called New Formalism-seeks to justify limitations on the introduction of extrinsic evidence to interpret contracts on the instrumental grounds of efficiency and empirical observation. Less attention has been directed at the development of a similar instrumental argument for the more contextual types of interpretation observed in the Uniform Commercial Code and the Restatement (Second) of Contracts. This Article engages this question by arguing that the relative ability of transactors to draft complete contracts is likely to be an important determinant of their preferred interpretive regime. Where low contracting costs allow commercial parties to draft …

The Bankruptcy Exchange, Douglas G. Baird

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No abstract provided.

The President And Immigration Law, Adam B. Cox, Cristina M. Rodriguez

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The plenary power doctrine sharply limits the judiciary's power to police immigration regulation - a fact that has preoccupied immigration law scholars for decades. But scholars' persistent focus on the distribution of power between the courts and the political branches has obscured a second important separation-of-powers question: how is immigration authority distributed between the political branches themselves? The Court's jurisprudence has shed little light on this question. In this Article, we explore how the allocation of regulatory power between the President and Congress has evolved as a matter of political and constitutional practice. A long-overlooked history hints that the Executive …

The Effects Of Liberalization On Litigation: Notes Toward A Theory In The Context Of Japan, Tom Ginsburg

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This Essay examines the under-studied relationship between liberalization and litigation. Liberalization should lead to expanded civil litigation for four reasons: (1) new market entrants are less subject to informal sanctions and may have a greater propensity to go to court; (2) privatization transfers resources away from the state, expanding the number of transactions subject to civil law regimes; (3) liberalization reduces the government’s ability to resolve disputes outside the courts; and (4) liberalization leads to economic development, which is generally litigation-enhancing. We test these propositions using a unique dataset of prefecture-level civil litigation data in Japan during the 1990s. Using …

Fault In Contract Law, Eric A. Posner

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A promisor is strictly liable for breaching a contract, according to the standard account. However, a negligence-based system of contract law can be given an economic interpretation, and this Article shows that such a system is in some respects more attractive than the strict-liability system. This may explain why, as a brief discussion of cases shows, negligence ideas continue to play a role in contract decisions.

Judicial Evaluations And Information Forcing: Ranking State High Courts And Their Judges, Eric A. Posner, Stephen J. Choi, G. Mitu Gulati

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Judges and courts get evaluated and ranked in a variety of contexts. The President implicitly ranks lower-court judges when he picks some rather than others to be promoted within the federal judiciary. The ABA and other organizations evaluate and rank these same judges. For the state courts, governors and legislatures do similar rankings and evaluations, as do interest groups. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, for example, produces an annual ranking of the state courts that is based on surveys of business lawyers. These various rankings and evaluations are often made on the basis of subjective information and opaque criteria. The …

Describing The Effect Of Adaptation On Settlement, Jonathan Masur, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco

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No abstract provided.

Happiness And Punishment, Jonathan Masur, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco

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This Article continues our project of applying new findings in the behavioral psychology of human happiness to some of the most deeply analyzed questions in law. When a state decides how to punish criminal offenders, at least one important consideration is the amount of harm any given punishment is likely to inflict. It would be undesirable, for example, to impose greater harm on those who commit less serious crimes or to impose harm that rises to the level of cruelty. Our penal system fits punishments to crimes primarily by adjusting the size of monetary fines and the length of prison …

Lessons From The Common Law Of Reasonable Expectations, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

One-Pot Synthesis Of Anionic (Nitrogen) And Cationic (Sulfur) Codoped High-Temperature Stable, Visible Light Active, Anatase Photocatalysts, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, Steven Hinder, Pradeepan Periyat

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No abstract provided.

A New Proposal For Loan Modifications, Christopher Mayer, Edward Morrison, Tomasz Piskorski

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No abstract provided.

Activity Levels Under The Hand Formula: A Comment On Gilo And Guttel, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Explaining Theoretical Disagreement, Brian Leiter

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Scott Shapiro has recently argued that Ronald Dworkin posed a new objection to legal positivism in Law's Empire, to which positivists, he says, have not adequately responded. Positivists, the objection goes, have no satisfactory account of what Dworkin calls "theoretical disagreement" about law, that is, disagreement about "the grounds of law" or what positivists would call the criteria of legal validity. I agree with Shapiro that the critique is new but disagree that it has not been met. Positivism cannot offer an explanation that preserves the "Face Value" of theoretical disagreements, because the only intelligible dispute about the criteria of …

Debate, Implicit Race Bias And The 2008 Presidential Election: Much Ado About Nothing?, Richard A. Epstein, Gregory S. Parks, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

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No abstract provided.

Reputation, Information And The Organization Of The Judiciary, Tom Ginsburg, Nuno Garoupa

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No abstract provided.

The Future Of Law And Development, Tom Ginsburg

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No abstract provided.

The Impotence Of Delaware's Taxes: A Response To Barzuza's 'Delaware's Compensation', M. Todd Henderson

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No abstract provided.

The Perils Of Religious Passion: A Response To Professor Samuel Calhoun, Geoffrey R. Stone

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No abstract provided.

The Comparative Law And Economics Of Judicial Councils, Tom Ginsburg, Nuno Garoupa

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No abstract provided.