Digital Commons Network^™

Does (Did) (Should) The Exclusionary Rule Rest On A 'Principled Basis' Rather Than An 'Empirical Proposition'?, Yale Kamisar

Articles

[U]ntil the [exclusionary rule] rests on a principled basis rather than an empirical proposition, [the rule] will remain in a state of unstable equilibrium. Mapp v. Ohio, which overruled the then twelve-year-old Wolf case and imposed the fourth amendment exclusionary rule (the Weeks doctrine) on the states as a matter of fourteenth amendment due process, seemed to mark the end of an era. Concurring in Mapp, Justice Douglas recalled that Wolf had evoked "a storm of constitutional controversy which only today finds its end."' But in the two decades since Justice Douglas made this observation, the storm of controversy has …

Against Evaluator Relativity: A Response To Sen, Donald H. Regan

Articles

In a recent essay in this journal Amartya Sen introduced the notion of an evaluator-relative consequence-based morality. The basic idea can be described very simply. A consequence-based morality is a morality that instructs each agent to maximize some objective function defined over states of affairs. Such a morality is evaluator neutral if it assigns to every agent the same objective function. If different agents have different objective functions, then the morality is evaluator relative. For example, a morality would be evaluator relative if it assigned to Jones an objective function giving greater weight to the welfare of Jones's children than …

Essentially Indecomposable Modules Over A Complete Discret Valuation Ring, Brendan Goldsmith

Articles

No abstract available

Professor Delgado Replies Comments, Richard Delgado

Articles

No abstract provided.

Can Science Be Inopportune - Constitutional Validity Of Governmental Restrictions On Race-Iq Research, Richard Delgado, Sean Bradley, David Burkenroad, Ron Chavez

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Natural Law Of Administrative Law, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

Articles

Law teachers and researchers are inveterate seekers of metaphors. The metaphor, even if glib and obvious, invariably suggests further parallels and relationships, the conjoinder of phenomena. This is the road to uncovering unsuspected linkages and building simple descriptive models.

Theory building, in administrative law as elsewhere, begins with the capture and expression of the convincing metaphor. Extracting metaphors from the natural sciences to account for social happenings begins with a figure of speech and often ends there. Legislatures now are squeezing fat out of administrative agencies, an apt biological picture of a weight watcher's rigor being imposed on flabby, middle-aged …

An Analysis Of The Median Polish Procedure, Patricia M. Burgess, David L. Farnsworth

Articles

The effect of the median polish procedure on artificial data having known general characteristics, disturbances, and random elements is examined. Monte Carlo experiments were designed for this purpose. The behavior of the fits, residuals, and various accompanying statistics are determined under special controlled conditions. Then, the procedure is applied to selected data sets from the literature utilizing the findings of this study.

The Coming Curtailment Of Compulsory Child Support, David L. Chambers

Articles

Absent parents ought to contribute to the support of their minor children and states can appropriately invoke the force of law to compel them to do so. Stated so generally, even absent parents behind in their payments would probably agree. Since so many others agree as well, and since the numbers of single-parent children have mushroomed, systems of governmentally compelled support in this country have grown enormously. By the early part of the next century, if current laws remain in force and current population trends continue, most of America's children on any given day will be entitled to support from …

How Judges Speak: Some Lessons On Adjudication In Billy Budd, Sailor With An Application To Justice Rehnquist, Richard H. Weisberg

Articles

The article examines how authority figures use language and procedural structures to shape outcomes in both literary and legal contexts, highlighting the tension between formal legal processes and true justice. Through a comparative analysis of Herman Melville's Billy Budd, Sailor and the Supreme Court case Paul v. Davis, the article argues that "considerate communication"—a subtle form of manipulation—can distort reality and undermine fairness in adjudication. It critiques legal systems that prioritize formality over substance, emphasizing how narrative techniques and rhetorical strategies in both literature and law can mask subjective biases and influence decisions.

The Social Consequences Of Common Law Rules, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

In the past decade, commentators applying both economic and historical methods to the study of the classical common law have explicitly or implicitly made sweeping claims for the system's ability to allocate or redistribute substantial shares of wealth. In this Article, Professor Epstein challenges the assumption that the fundamental doctrines of the common law can have a decisive effect on the flow of resources in society. He calls attention to the constraints placed upon the system by the generality of its rules, the prospectively indeterminate alignment of economically interested parties, the expenses of adjudication, and the divergent social beliefs of …

Monitors And Freeriders In Commercial And Corporate Settings, Saul Levmore

Articles

No abstract provided.

Identifying Section 306 Stock: The Sleeping Beauty Of Revenue Ruling 66-332, Saul Levmore

Articles

No abstract provided.

Musings On Form And Substance In Taxation (Reviewing Boris I. Bittker, Federal Taxation Of Income, Estates And Gifts (1981)), Joseph Isenbergh

Articles

No abstract provided.

Book Review (Reviewing Paul R. Hyams, Kings, Lords And Peasants In Medieval England: The Common Law Of Villeinage In The Twelfth And Thirteenth Centuries (1980)), Richard H. Helmholz

Articles

No abstract provided.

Building Theories Of Judicial Review In Natural Resources Law, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

Articles

In the specialty of natural resources law, there is no reason to expect our tasks of description and prescription to be any easier. We deal, after all, with the allocation of scarce resources where there are winners and losers. This leads us quickly into substantive justice theories based on entitlements, needs, and deserts and process justice theories extending to each loser his due.

Justice theory is implemented through judicial review, and what courts do depends importantly upon behavioral assumptions about people, agencies of government, and empirical proof. The sources of these assumptions and evidence are often the sciences, and I …

I Remember Them Well, Marian Gallagher, Julius J. Marke, Arthur A. Charpentier

Articles

We who have undertaken the task of translating our AALL memories of personalities into words should not be viewed by our readers as having been present at the Narragansett Pier organizational meeting. We date from the early forties. No one now living can take any of us back to 1906. What we know of our early people we have gleaned from the Law Library Journal, and so should you, for we shall not talk of them. Ours is to be personal recollection, and we have known enough remarkable people to be content with that. Nor shall we talk of …

Price Discrimination Law And Economic Efficiency, Edward H. Cooper

Articles

The Clayton Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act (15 U.S.C. § 13), undertakes to outlaw price "discrimination" upon proof of threatened injury to competition, and subject to specified defenses. Lawyers often bewail the fact that administration of this statute frequently fails to conform to an economist's notion of discrimination. For the most part, the complaints are addressed to the clear fact that, as drafted and interpreted, the statute wreaks unnecessary damage. In the name of protecting competition, competition and economic efficiency are often curtailed.

The Regulation Of Labor Unions, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

This year completes exactly a half century in the federalization and codification of American labor law. Before that the regulation of both the internal affairs and external relations of labor organizations was left largely to the individual states, usually through the application of common or nonstatutory law by the courts. One major exception was the railroad industry, whose patent importance to interstate commerce made it an acceptable subject for federal legislation like the Railway Labor Act.

Comments On Parfit, Donald H. Regan

Articles

I will begin by saying that I am persuaded by most of Derek's claims and arguments. That may tend to make for rather uninteresting commentary, but I shall try to find something to say. I shall offer only one criticism of the main part of Derek's paper, and then I shall discuss at somewhat greater length the questions he raises in the last section of his paper. In the main body of the paper, Derek attempts to prove that if we accept what he calls the Complex View of personal identity, then we must abandon what he calls the Equal …

How We Got The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule And Why We Need It, Yale Kamisar

Articles

Why the continuing storm of controversy over the exclusionary rule? Why the deep and widespread hostility to it? I think a recent law office search case, because it arose in a setting so unlike the typical search and seizure case, furnishes a clue. In O'Connor v. Johnson, St. Paul police obtained a warrant to search an attorney's office for business records of a client suspected of making false written statements in applying for a liquor license. The attorney happened to be present when the police arrived. Holding on to his work product file, which contained some of the records sought, …

On Recognizing Variations In State Criminal Procedure, Jerold H. Israel

Articles

Everyone recognizes that the laws governing criminal procedure vary somewhat from state to state. There is often a tendency, however, to underestimate the degree of diversity that exists. Even some of the most experienced practitioners believe that aside from variations on some minor matters, such as the number of peremptory challenges granted, and variation on a few major items, such as the use of the grand jury, the basic legal standards governing most procedures are approximately the same in a large majority of states. I have seen varied evidence of this misconception in practitioner discussions of law reform proposals, particularly …

Free Speech Or Economic Weapon? The Persisting Problem Of Picketing, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

"Peaceful picketing," the United States Supreme Court has said, "is the workingman's means of communication."' One line of analysis is that, as a means of communication, picketing is free speech and is therefore entitled to every constitutional protection afforded other forms of expression. This means that it cannot be subjected to special restrictions, such as antiboycott curbs, simply because it is picketing. The opposing line of analysis is that picketing is not simply speech; it is "speech plus." The "plus" element removes picketing from the realm of pure speech and enables it to be regulated in ways that the Constitution …

Testimonial Immunity And The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination: A Study In Isomorphism, Peter Lushing

Articles

This Article accepts and will develop the Court's isomorphic theory of immunity and privilege, and will show why Portash is nonetheless correct in result. A case for a broadened view of the privilege, partially because of the availability of testimonial immunity, will be made. Apftlbaum will be shown to be incorrect in result. This Article will also analyze the problem of immunized testimony and perjury by inconsistent statement, a problem faced once by the Court but left unresolved. Finally, this Article will discuss the constitutional requirements of an immunity statute, and consider an immunity case presently pending before the Supreme …

Words That Wound: A Tort Action For Racial Insults, Epithets, And Name-Calling, Richard Delgado

Articles

One of the first articles to discuss the problem of hate speech Words That Wound discusses the harms of racist speech before proposing a new tort enabling its victims to recover damages from the utterer I later expanded the article into a book with Jean Stefancic Entitled Understanding Words That Wound the book covers a range of recent problems including hate speech on the Internet campus hate speech codes and child porn

Bringing People Back: Toward A Comprehensive Theory Of Taking In Natural Resources Law, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

Articles

This Article attempts to bring people back into legal analysis by drawing upon behavioral preferences of human beings suggested by the laws of biology. Biological theory offers no all-encompassing explanations of legal outcomes, although it offers important, and much neglected, partial explanations.

That the law can be explained in this light suggests that courts have a view of human nature departing from the caricatures of much contemporary legal theory. We take as our setting an issue faced by each society in every era-property rights in natural resources.

Part I takes up the task of theory development by recanvassing property theory …

National Labor Policy And The Conflict Between Safety And Production, Jonathan L.F. Silver

Articles

No abstract provided.

Judicial Review Of Risk Assessments: The Role Of Decision Theory In Unscrambling The Benzene Decision, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

Articles

[Reprinted in 13 Land Use & Envtl. L. Rev. 629-48 (1982).]

An Analysis Of The Impact Of The 55 Mph Speed Limit, David L. Farnsworth, Kenneth Mathis, Janet Herbert

Articles

In January 1974 the speed limit on the New York State Thruway was set at 55 mph for all vehicles. This paper examines the effect of that action on Thruway fatality rates. The exact number of total miles driven is known for this toil road. Hence, death rates are based upon precise information. Since seven years have elapsed during the post-treatment period, 1974-1980, longer trends can be investigated. The death rate is modeled and intervention analysis performed. Using a variety of forecasting techniques, the pre-treatment fatality rates are used to project rates through the post-treatment period. In this way, the …

Faces Without Features: The Surface Validity Of Criminal Inferences, Peter Lushing

Articles

The article critiques the Supreme Court's decision in County Court v. Allen, arguing that the Court's approach to evaluating instructed inferences in criminal cases undermines the integrity of the fact-finding process. The central concern is that the Court's methodology, which assesses inferences as applied rather than on their face, fails to address the potential irrationality of such inferences and the pressure they may exert on jurors to convict without thorough consideration of the evidence. The article advocates for a more rigorous standard to ensure the rationality and constitutionality of instructed inferences in criminal trials.

Standing Up For Fourth Amendment Rights: Salvucci, Rawlings, And The Reasonable Expectation Of Privacy (Comment), Elizabeth Brandt

Articles

The initial inquiry a court must make before considering a motion to suppress evidence based on an unreasonable search and seizure is whether the individual has standing under the fourth amendment. This Note examines the historical development of the standing doctrines leading to the reasonable expectation of privacy test adopted by the Supreme Court in Rakas v. Illinois. The Note also identifies the problems created by the Court's far-reaching application of this test. The author concludes that the overall effect of recent decisions may be to limit the number of defendants able to assert fourth amendment claims, since suppression hearing …