Digital Commons Network^™

All Optical Clock Distribution With Synchronous Frequency Division And Multiplication, Gerald Farrell, P. Phelan, Joe Hegarty

Articles

A master optical clock from a mode locked laser is distributed to two slave twin section lasers. One slave laser divides the optical modulation frequency by 2, the other slave laser multiplies the frequency by 2. It is also possible to vary the multiplication4ivision ratio in a slave laser using only DC control of the absorber of the twin section laser.

Taxation Of Business Rent, George Mundstock

Articles

No abstract provided.

Infrared And Visible Photometry Of The Gravitational Lens Systems 2237 + 030, Daniel Nadeau, Howard Yee, William Forrest

Articles

As part of a program of high spatial resolution imaging of gravitationally lensed sources in the visible and IR, images of 2237 + 030 were obtained in the Gunn r and infrared J, H, K, and 3.3 micron filters. The results of the photometry of the four bright quasar components provide evidence of extinction through the lens and a determination of the extinction law in the galaxy is made. The energy distribution shows evidence of a sharp decrease of the spectral index at wavelengths longer than a rest wavelength of 1 micron. Assuming that microlensing amplification in the IR is …

Modeling Ultrasound Speckle Formation And Its Dependence On Imaging System’S Impulse Response, Navalgund A. H. K. Rao, Hui Zhu

Articles

Ultrasonic echoes, backscattered from an inhomogeneous medium have the character of a random signal, which is mainly responsible for the observed speckle in medical images. Such a medium can be modeled as a uniform matrix with scattering bodies distributed randomly. When the number of density of scatterers is high, the individual scatterers are not resolved by the imaging process, and a speckle pattern is produced as a result of interference of waves from many scatterers within the resolution cell volume. This cell volume depends on the beam profile and the pulse width of the interrogating pulse. We have used a …

An Analytical Model Of Earth-Observational Remote Sensing Systems, John Kerekes, David Landgrebe

Articles

The field of optical remote sensing for the analysis of Earth’s resources has grown tremendously over the past 20 years. With increasing societal concern over such problems as ozone layer depletion and global warming, political support is likely to continue that growth. NASA has recently begun a program that will use state of the art sensor technology and processing algorithms to gain ever more detailed data about our Earth. To better understand the remote sensing process, research has begun on modeling the process as a system and investigating the interrelationships of system components. This paper presents a system model for …

Parameter Trade-Offs For Imaging Spectroscopy Systems, John Kerekes, David Landgrebe

Articles

To help better understand the problems of specifying data acquisition parameters and extracting desired information from the voluminous data, research has been focused on understanding the remote sensing process as a system and investigating the interrelated effects of various parameters. A system model is used to explore system parameter trade-offs for a model sensor based on the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (HIRIS). Radiometric performance was studied, along with the effect on classification accuracy of several system parameters. The atmosphere and sensor have significant effects on the mean received signal and noise performance. The effect of random uncorrelated errors in the radiometric …

Does The Camel Have Its Nose In The Tent: Individual Religious Freedom V. Prayer In Public Schools, Elizabeth Brandt

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No abstract provided.

Of Defamation And Decisionmaking: Wiemer V. Rankin And The Abdication Of Appellate Responsibility, Dale Goble

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No abstract provided.

Rationing Access To Medical Care: Some Sober Second Thoughts, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Three Civil Rights Fallacies, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Black, Brown, Poor & Poisoned: Minority Grassroots Environmentalism And The Quest For Eco-Justice, Michael H. Schill, Regina Austin

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No abstract provided.

Tradition, Precedent, And Justice Scalia, David A. Strauss

Articles

No abstract provided.

Public Prosecution And Hydro-Engineering, Michael Tonry

Articles

There are inherent tensions between conceptions of public prosecutors as elected officials who respond to public intolerance of crime and criminals and as officers of the court who answer to normative injunctions of fairness and dispassion. Discussion of prosecutors' roles has progressed little beyond recognition of inherent tensions. There is no literature on prosecutorial strategies. The empirical literature on prosecutorial operations is scant.

Of Spoil Pits And Swimming Pools: Reconsidering The Measure Of Damages For Construction Contracts, Carol Chomsky

Articles

To obtain a remedy in a breach of contract suit, a party must prove, and courts must determine, what damage the breach has caused. The general rule is straightforward: A party injured by a breach of contract is entitled to be placed in as good a position as if the contract had been performed.1 Ap- plying the general rule to specific circumstances - computing what it means to be placed in "as good a position as if the con- tract had been performed" - is more difficult.

Bfoq Revisited: Johnson Controls Halts The Expansion Of The Defense To Intentional Sex Discrimination, Stephen F. Befort

Articles

The bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) is a statutory defense to intentional discrimination under Title VII. 1 The BFOQ defense permits an employer to adopt an otherwise facially discriminatory employment practice if "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business. . . ." 2 Both the courts and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have traditionally interpreted this defense very narrowly. A gender-based employment classification, for example, qualifies as a BFOQ only if the failure to adopt a single-sex policy undermines the employer's ability to accomplish its essential business mission. 3

Self-Pulsation Operating Regime For The Absorber Of A Twin Section Laser Diode, Gerald Farrell, P. Phelan, Joe Hegarty

Articles

The voltage-current characteristic of the absorber of a twin section laser diode is investigated as a function of the gain section current. For self pulsation to occur the absorber must be operated within a specific region of the voltage-current characteristics. This region only exists for absorber voltage current characteristics which contain an S-shaped negative resistance.

Shadow Casting Phenomena At Newgrange, Frank Prendergast

Articles

A digital model of the Newgrange passage tomb and surrounding ring of monoliths known as the Great Circle is used to investigate sunrise shadow casting phenomena at the monument. Diurnal variation in shadow directions and lengths are analysed for their potential use in the Bronze Age to indicate the passage of seasonal time. Computer-aided simulations are developed from a photogrammetric survey to accurately show how three of the largest monoliths, located closest to the tomb entrance and archaeologically coded GC1, GC-1 and GC-2, cast their shadows onto the vertical face of the entrance kerbstone, coded K1. The phenomena occur at …

Expert Evidence, Samuel R. Gross

Articles

It seems that the use of expert witnesses in common law courts has always been troublesome. In his Treatise on the Law of Evidence, first published in 1848, Judge John Pitt Taylor describes several classes of witnesses whose testimony should be viewed with caution, including: enslaved people (which accounts for "the lamentable neglect of truth, which is evinced by most of the nations of India, by the subjects of the Czar, and by many of the peasantry in Ireland"); women (because they are more susceptible to "an innate vain love of the marvelous"); and "foreigners and others ... living out …

The Substantial Identity Rule Under The Japanese Novelty Standard, Toshiko Takenaka

Articles

This article compares the novelty standard under Japanese patent law with the novelty standard under American patent law. This article first explains the structure of the novelty and inventive step provisions under Japanese patent law and examines the interpretation and basic legal theories of these provisions. The inventive step standard developed out of the novelty standard. Thus, to understand the inventive step standard, it is necessary to understand the novelty standard.

Next, this article discusses the unique features of the Japanese novelty standard. The strict novelty requirements of the patent laws of the United States and European countries are contrasted …

The Limited Liability Company: A Study Of The Emerging Entity, Robert R. Keatinge, Larry E. Ribstein, Susan Pace Hamill, Michael L. Gravelle

Articles

This article reflects the thinking of business and tax lawyers at the dawn of the development of limited liability companies It provides a thorough discussion of the few things known and many questions that existed in 1992 when only a handful of states had LLC legislation Many of the questions have now been resolved some by the checkthebox regulations and some by the more recent limited liability company legislation but the article provides useful background in the development of what was to become a predominating business organization

Competitive Deregulation Of Financial Services Activity In Europe After 1992, Caroline Bradley

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Fletcher Years, Ralph W. Johnson

Articles

How would you best describe Robert L. Fletcher, I asked my colleagues. He is, they said, thoughtful, a man of integrity, a delightful and companionable gentleman, sincere of purpose, hard-working, reliable, exceedingly thorough, a respected scholar and teacher. By habit he examines all aspects of a proposal before acting on it, reserves judgment until "all the evidence is in." Reputedly he enjoys ferreting out arcane future interests that violate the Rule Against Perpetuities in trust and real estate documents. Bob Fletcher practiced law for nine years in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, before entering teaching in 1956. Before that he was …

Aeration System Design For Flat Grain Storages With An Expert System, Dennis G. Watson, Roger C. Brook

Articles

An expert system, Aeration System Design (ASD), was developed for the design of aeration systems for farm-sized flat grain storages. ASD requests information about the storage problem from a user and generates a custom design drawing, component specification list, and management recommendations. The knowledge base was derived from publications and experts. ASD represents the first attempt to consolidate aeration system design guidelines and procedures for flat grain storage into an expert system. ASD uses illustrations to communicate concepts and terminology more clearly with users. A feature of ASD allows an expert to change the design guidelines and factors. For example, …

Bispectral Reconstruction Of Signals In Noise: Amplitude Reconstruction Issues, Gopal Sundaramoorthy, M.R. Raghuveer, Sohail Dianat

Articles

When we have observations of a discrete deterministic signal (physical object) in colored Gaussian noise, it is possible to obtain asymptotically unbiased estimates of the bispectrum of the signal only at frequency pairs (al, w2) which do not satisfy any of the following: wI = 0, w2 = 0, and o1 + w2 = 0. Several approaches reported in the literature that deal with magnitude reconstruction from bispectra use bispectrum samples that lie on one of these three straight lines, thus using samples which are biased due to noise. We propose two approaches that rectify this situation. The paper also …

Intellectual Property Is Still Property, Frank H. Easterbrook

Articles

No abstract provided.

What Has Pragmatism To Offer Law?, Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

Fine-Tuning Judicial Federalism: A Proposal For Reform Of The Anti-Injunction Act, Diane P. Wood

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No abstract provided.

Origins Of The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination: The Role Of The European Ius Commune, Richard H. Helmholz

Articles

Current orthodoxy holds that the fifth amendment's privilege against self-incrimination has its roots in the seventeenth-century triumph of enlightened English common law over the older tradition of continental common law and the English ecclesiastical courts which used this tradition to limit religious freedom. In this Article, Professor Helmholz presents and analyzes documentary evidence demonstrating the inaccuracy of this account. These documents reveal that the continental blend of Roman and canon law known as the ius commune had long recognized the privilege against selfincrimination, and that English ecclesiastical courts first considered arguments for the privilege based on this body of law. …

Fairness To The Absent Members Of A Defendant Class: A Proposed Revision Of Rule 23, Elizabeth Brandt

Articles

No abstract provided.

Republicanism And The Preference Problem, Cass R. Sunstein

Articles

No abstract provided.