Digital Commons Network^™

Indoor Vs Outdoor Classification Of Consumer Photographs Using Low-Level And Semantic Features, Jiebo Luo, Andreas Savakis

Articles

Scene categorization to indoor vs outdoor may be approached by using low-level features for inferring high-level information about the image. Low-level features such as color and texture have been used extensively in image understanding research, however, they cannot solve the problem completely. We propose the use of a Bayesian network for integrating knowledge from low-level and semantic features for indoor vs outdoor classification of images. Using ground truth data for sky and grass detection, we demonstrate that the classification performance can be significantly improved when semantic features are employed in the classification process.

The Symbiosis Of Constitutionalism And Technology, John O. Mcginnis

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Technology does not change the essential problems that constitutionalism seeks to address because these problems are rooted in the enduring nature of man. Technological change, however, can transform man's environment. A different environment, in turn, may require substantially modified forms of constitutionalism even if the underlying objectives remain constant. As the great political philosopher Edmund Burke recognized, the key to sound structures of governance in every age and place is to understand the intersection of man's enduring nature with his particular circumstances. Because technology increasingly shapes the circumstances of modem man, technology is becoming progressively more important to constitutionalism.

Evaluation Of Texture Features For Image Segmentation, Navid Serrano, Jiebo Luo, Andreas Savakis

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Texture features are among the most commonly used image attributes in image understanding applications, such as image retrieval from databases. A number of methods and their variants have been developed over the years for texture feature extraction. Whereas they all have their merits and flaws, it is worthwhile to evaluate their performance in a specific application domain. The goal here is to establish which texture features are better suited for segmentation of natural scenes that contain multiple natural and synthetic textures. The performance of unsupervised texture segmentation based on multiresolution simultaneous autoregressive (MRSAR) models, wavelet coefficients, fractal dimension, edge direction …

A Measure Of Freedom, James W. Nickel

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No abstract provided.

Infrastructure For Distributed Applications In Ad Hoc Networks Of Small Mobile Wireless Devices, Alan Kaminsky

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Mobile wireless computing devices such as cellphones, pagers, personal digital assistants, pocket PCs, and tablet computers are all potential platforms for participating in small group, wireless, many-to-many distributed applications. The networking technology needed to support such applications is readily available. However, almost all existing middleware infrastructure for distributed applications was designed for central servers and wired connections. The Anhinga Infrastructure described here runs entirely on the wireless mobile devices and so does not require any central server support. The Anhinga Infrastructure provides a message broadcast ad hoc networking protocol and a distributed computing platform based on lightweight versions of Java, …

Representational Standing: U.S. Ex Rel. Stevens And The Future Of Public Law Litigation, Myriam E. Gilles

Articles

In May 2000, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. U.S. ex rel. Stevens, a seemingly predictable 11th Amendment case. In upholding the plaintiff's Article III standing to bring that case, however, the Court suggested a theory of "representational standing" that holds the potential to radically transform the entire body of law governing the ability of private citizens to seek, through the federal courts, the vindication of broadly-held public interests.

Over the past 30 years, the Court's increasingly restrictive standing jurisprudence has effectively precluded private citizens from playing a meaningful role in public …

Robust Stabilization Of Tone Reproduction Curves For The Xerographic Printing Process, Perry Li, Sohail Dianat

Articles

The problem of stabilizing a single color tone reproduction curve of a xerographic printing engine is considered. This problem is critical to ensure high-fidelity color printing. The control system uses a small number of actuators and a small number of measurements to stabilize the potentially high-dimensional tone reproduction curve. The goal is to minimize the overall least squares deviation of the tone reproduction curve from the ideal nominal one in the face of disturbances like material changes, temperature, humidity, and uncertainty in the system description. The control design consists of the steps of 1) determining a robust optimally performing static …

Dual-Mode Combustion Of Hydrogen In A Mach 5, Continuous-Flow Facility, C. Goyne, J. Mcdaniel, T. Quagliaroli

Articles

Results of an experimental and numerical study of a dual-mode scramjet combustor are reported. The experiment consisted of a direct-connect test of a Mach 2 hydrogen-air combustor with a single unswept-ramp fuel injector. The flow stagnation enthalpy simulated a flight Mach number of S. Measurements were obtained using conventional wall instrumentation and a particle-imaging laser diagnostic technique. The particle imaging was enabled through the development of a new apparatus for seeding fine silicon dioxide particles into the combustor fuel stream. Numerical simulations of the combustor were performed using the GASP code. The modeling, and much of the experimental work, focused …

Integration Of Silicon-Based Tunnel Diodes With Cmos: An Rit-Osu-Nrl-Nsf Effort, Jeremy Kempisty, Karl Hirschman, Santosh Kurinec

Articles

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) are promising band gap engineered heterostructures that exhibit a distinctive negative differential resistance (NDR) that can be exploited for various electronic functions. Large scale integration of RTDs with heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs) has been demonstrated in III-V compound semiconductors. Since the current microelectronics industry has evolved around silicon CMOS technology, it is of great interest if RTDs can be integrated with Si CMOS circuitry. Silicon-based tunnel diodes have great potential for this integration. Ohio State University and RIT have received funding from the National Science Foundation to address these issues with the Naval Research Laboratory. …

Application Of Digital Image Processing To Marker-Free Analysis Of Human Gait, Jane Courtney, David Burke, Annraoi Depaor

Articles

The standard method of human gait analysis in use in gait laboratories today invariably involves marker-based motion tracking systems. Although somewhat effective, these methods require accurate placement of awkward external markers. We report on an enhanced approach being researched and developed at the National Rehabilitation Hospital, Dublin based on marker-free motion tracking incorporating advanced digital image processing techniques.

Intellectual Property: Old Boundaries And New Frontiers, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

The Market For Federal Judicial Law Clerks, Richard A. Posner, Christopher Avery, Christine Jolls, Alvin E. Roth

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No abstract provided.

The Irrelevance Of Constitutional Amendments, David A. Strauss

Articles

Article V of the Constitution specifies how the Constitution may be amended. Notwithstanding all the attention that constitutional amendments receive, however, our constitutional order would look little different if a formal amendment process did not exist. At least since the first few decades of the Republic, constitutional amendments have not been an important means by which the Constitution, in practice, has changed. Many changes have come about without amendments. In some instances, even though amendments were rejected, the law changed in the way the failed amendments sought. Several amendments that were thought to be important in fact had little effect …

Speculating Law: Beyond Cigarettes And Swiss Banks, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.

Implementing Everglades Restoration, Mary Doyle

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No abstract provided.

Cost-Benefit Default Principles, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Is Cost-Benefit Analysis For Everyone?, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Symposium: Legal Reasoning And Artificial Intelligence: How Computers Think Like Lawyers, Cass R. Sunstein, Kevin Ashley, Karl Branting, Howard Margolis

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No abstract provided.

Preparation Of Magnetic Nanoparticles And Their Assemblies Using A New Fe(Ii) Alkoxide Precursor, Suresh Pillai, Grainne Biddlecombe, Yurii Gun’Ko, John Kelly, J. Michael Coey, Alexis Douvalis

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No abstract provided.

Should It Be A Free For All? The Challenge Of Extending Trade Dress Protection To The Look And Feel Of Web Sites, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

In the e-commerce world, a company's web site becomes the primary communication center with the customer. The web site is where the company displays products, presents marketing materials, and provides sales and post-sales support. Increasingly, companies are spending valuable resources to build and maintain their web sites. With the rapid change in web technology, many web sites now feature more than just ordinary text. Color, clipart, graphics, designs, animations, and sounds are now part of the overall appearance of web sites. Yet copying an image from a web site is just one click away. What protection is available to the …

Commentary: International And Comparative Law Perspectives On Internet Patents, Toshiko Takenaka

Articles

The Internet and e-commerce have created a borderless market. Goods and services sold on the Internet are subject to the patent statutes and regulations of all countries in which customers have access. Because the presence or absence of patent protection—or variations in that protection—hinders the movement of goods and services throughout the Internet, it is necessary to harmonize the protection afforded by Internet patents in their early stages of development. Among the three papers, however, only Professor Chiappetta touched upon the problem of compliance with the provisions in TRIPS. None of the papers paid attention to the feasibility of harmonizing …

Curing Conflicts Of Interest In Clinical Research: Impossible Dreams And Harsh Realities, Patricia C. Kuszler

Articles

This article will explore conflicts of interest in the context of clinical research, focusing on the incentives and practices that foster such conflicts. Part I will briefly define and categorize the revenue streams at play in clinical research—both contemporaneous with the clinical trial, and the downstream, long-term gains available to the researcher and research university. Part II will discuss how these entangled revenue streams result in financial and non-financial conflicts of interest that affect the nature and balance of the research enterprise and potentially endanger patients and human subjects. Part III will summarize current conflicts of interest regulations and policies, …

International And Comparative Law Perspectives On Internet Patents, Toshiko Takenaka

Articles

This commentary will focus on the participants' proposals relative to the laws of other countries. Particularly, assuming that the same proposals were to be made in an international negotiation, my commentary reflects potential reactions and responses from Japanese and European delegates.

Experimental Testing And Modeling Of A Dual-Fired Libr-H2o Absorption Chiller, Tom A. Gee, Jiming Cao, James A. Mathias, Richard N. Christensen

Articles

An LiBr-H₂O chiller was modified to utilize heat sources from natural gas combustion and/or from hot fluid. This was achieved by replacing the original gas-fired generator with a dual-fired generator. Steam was used as the hot fluid. The generator of the chiller can be powered by each source separately or both sources simultaneously. Experimental investigation was performed to obtain capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the original chiller and the modified chiller. During the experiments, the modified chiller was powered solely by steam, natural gas, or both. There was a significant increase in COP and capacity when …

The Changing Role Of Labor Arbitration (Symposium: New Rules For A New Game: Regulating Employment Relationships In The 21st Century), Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

A quarter century ago, in a provocative and prophetic article, David E. Feller lamented the imminent close of what he described as labor arbitration's "golden age." I have expressed reservations about that characterization, insofar as it suggested an impending shrinkage in the stature of arbitration. But Professor Feller was right on target in one important respect. Labor arbitration was going to change dramatically from the autonomous institution in the relatively self-contained world of union-management relations which it had been from the end of World War II into the 1970s. When the subject matter was largely confined to union-employer agreements, arbitration …

Women's International Tribunal On Japanese Military Sexual Slavery, Christine M. Chinkin

Articles

From December 8 to 12,2000, a peoples' tribunal, the Women's International War Crimes Tribunal 2000, sat in Tokyo, Japan. It was established to consider the criminal liability of leading high-ranking Japanese military and political officials and the separate responsibility of the state of Japan for rape and sexual slavery as crimes against humanity arising out of Japanese military activity in the Asia Pacific region in the 1930s and 1940s.

The immediate background to the tribunal's establishment was a series of events commencing in 1988 when the women's movement in the Republic of Korea began to learn of the research of …

Federal Regulation Of Isolated Wetlands After Swancc, Stephen M. Johnson

Articles

This past January the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Clean Water Act (CWA) did not authorize the federal government to prohibit a landfill operator from filling isolated ponds on its property merely because the ponds were used as habitat by migratory birds. The National Association of Home Builders claimed that the decision in Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (SWANCC) was "a major legal victory for home builders and other private property owners." Critics of the SWANCC decision argued that it jeopardizes "perhaps a fifth of the water bodies in the United …

Afterword To Latcrit V Symposium Latcrit At Five: Institutionalizing A Postsubordination Future, Elizabeth M. Iglesias, Francisco Valdes

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No abstract provided.

Magnetic Nanoparticles And Nanoparticle Assemblies From Metallorganic Precursors, Suresh Pillai, Yurri Gunko, David Mcinerney

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No abstract provided.

Zr-Containing 4,4'-Oda/Pmda Polyimide Composites Parts I And Ii, Marvin Illingsworth, J. Betancourt, Liling He

Articles

The objective of this research is to improve the atomic oxygen resistance of KaptonTM, a polyimide (PI) made from pyromellitic acid dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), while retaining or enhancing the desirable properties of the pure polymer. Toward this end, zirconium-containing complexes and polymers were used to make composites and blends. Tetra(acetylacetonato)zirconium(IV), Zr(acac)4, which is commercially available, was identified as the best zirconium-containing complex for enhancing the atomic oxygen resistance of polyimide composites of the 10 complexes screened. Films prepared from the commercially-available polyamic acid (PAA) of PMDA-ODA (DuPont) have good uniformity, flexibility, and tensile strength. A 24-layer 10% (mol) …