Digital Commons Network^™

Linkline's Institutional Suspicions, Daniel A. Crane

Articles

Antitrust scholars are having fun again. Not so long ago, they were the poor, redheaded stepchildren of the legal academy, either pining for the older days of rigorous antitrust enforcement or trying to kill off what was left of the enterprise. Other law professors felt sorry for them, ignored them, or both. But now antitrust is making a comeback of sorts. In one heady week in May of 2009, a front-page story in the New York Times reported the dramatic decision of Christine Varney-the Obama Administration's new Antitrust Division head at the Department of Justice-to jettison the entire report on …

The Federal Courts As A Franchise: Rethinking The Justifications For Federal Question Jurisdiction, Gil Seinfeld

Articles

The components of the Federal Franchise model-procedural homogeneity, cultural conformity, and technical competence-should be familiar. The federal courts' capacity to provide these benefits has not escaped commentators' notice; indeed, there are points of connection between these features of federal court adjudication and the individual fragments of the conventional account.l0 But prior scholarly discussion of these themes has been unsystematic, treating them as (at best) secondary considerations when it comes to the allocation of federal question cases between the state and federal courts. This Article attempts to weave together these previously disconnected strands of thinking about federal court adjudication and to …

Teaching Multiple Skills In Drafting & Simulation Courses, Karen J. Sneddon

Articles

Good morning. I am really excited to be at this conference as a transactional lawyer who never drafted anything before she went into practice and had very, very little experience with any of the other transactional skills that I would be using on a daily basis. I am really excited to hear about the number of courses and opportunities that students have now. Of course, I am thrilled to speak about the opportunities that I offer the students in my courses.

What I do is provide two opportunities to learn about counseling. Every student at Mercer University School of Law …

Reflection Contributions To The Dispersion Artefact In Ftir Spectra Of Single Biological Cells., Paul Bassan, Hugh Byrne, Joe Lee, Franck Bonnier, Colin Clarke, Paul Dumas, Ehsan Gazi, Michael Brown, Noel Clarke, Peter Gardner

Articles

Fourier transform infrared spectra of a single cell in transflection geometry are seen to vary significantly with position on the cell, showing a distorted derivative-like lineshape in the region of the optically dense nucleus. A similar behaviour is observable in a model system of the protein albumin doped in a potassium bromide disk. It is demonstrated that the spectrum at any point is a weighted sum of the sample reflection and transmission and that the dominance of the reflection spectrum in optically dense regions can account for some of the spectral distortions previously attributed to dispersion artefacts. Rather than being …

Existence Of Infinitely Many Distinct Solutions To The Quasi-Relativistic Hartree-Fock Equations, Mattias Enstedt, Michael Melgaard

Articles

We establish existence of infinitely many distinct solutions to the semilinear elliptic Hartree-Fock equations for N-electron Coulomb systems with quasirelativistic kinetic energy −α−2Δxn α−4 − α−2 for the nth electron. Moreover, we prove existence of a ground state. The results are valid under the hypotheses that the total charge Ztot of K nuclei is greater than N − 1 and that Ztot is smaller than a critical charge Zc. The proofs are based on a new application of the Fang-Ghoussoub critical point approach to multiple solutions on a noncompact Riemannian manifold, in combination with density operator techniques.

A Generic Approach To Computer-Based Clinical Practice Guideling Management Using The Eca Rule Paradigm And Active Databases, Bing Wu, Kudakwashe Dube

Articles

The increasing demand for reduced cost and improved quality of service in healthcare has prompted the call for better management of medical knowledge. The main emphasis has been on knowledge that is acquired through experience and medical research and then formalised into Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). This paper presents a generic approach to CPG information and knowledge management that uses the Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rule paradigm and active databases within a unified management framework. The paper focuses on an approach for facilitating the use and management of CPGs by clinicians through delivering the CPGs at the point-of-care by a computerised mechanism.

Rankings And The Battle For World-Class Excellence: Institutional Strategies And Policy Choices, Ellen Hazelkorn

Articles

Global rankings are creating a furore wherever or whenever they are published or mentioned. They have become a barometer of global competition measuring the knowledge-producing and talent-catching capacity of higher education institutions. These developments are injecting a new competitive dynamic into higher education, nationally and globally, and encouraging a debate about its role and purpose. As such, politicians regularly refer to them as a measure of their nation’s economic strength and aspirations, universities use them to help set or define targets mapping their performance against the various metrics, while academics use rankings to bolster their own professional reputation and status. …

Analysis And Evaluation Of The Dynamic Performance Of Sma Actuators For Prosthetic Hand Design, Kevin O'Toole, Mark Mcgrath, Eugene Coyle

Articles

It is widely acknowledged within the biomedical engineering community that shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit great potential for application in the actuation of upper limb prosthesis designs. These lightweight actuators are particularly suitable for prosthetic hand solutions. A four-fingered, 12 degree-of-freedom prosthetic hand has been developed featuring SMA bundle actuators embedded within the palmar structure. Joule heating of the SMA bundle actuators generates sufficient torque at the fingers to allow a wide range of everyday tasks to be carried out. Transient characterization of SMA bundles has shown that performance/response during heating and cooling differs substantially. Natural convection is insufficient to …

Investigation Of Polarization Dependent Loss For A Macrobending Loss Sensitive Singlemode Fiber, Pengfei Wang, Gerald Farrell, Yuliya Semenova, Ginu Rajan

Articles

An investigation of the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of macrobending loss sensitive single fiber (1060XP) is presented theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the modeling outcomes. Through the comparison of experimental results of PDL between 1060XP fiber with coatings and bare 1060XP fiber, it is shown that the fiber coating has significant impact on the PDL of bend loss sensitive singlemode fiber.

Investigation Of Polarization Dependent Loss For A Macrobending Loss, Pengfei Wang, Gerald Farrell, Yuliya Semenova, Ginu Rajan

Articles

An investigation of the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of macrobending
loss sensitive single fiber (1060XP) is presented theoretically and experimentally. The
experimental results are in good agreement with the modeling outcomes. Through the
comparison of experimental results of PDL between 1060XP fiber with coatings and
bare 1060XP fiber, it is shown that the fiber coating has significant impact on the PDL
of bend loss sensitive singlemode fiber

Effect Of Organic Chelates On The Performance Of Hybrid Sol–Gel Coated Aa2024-T3 Aluminium Alloys, Rajath Varma, John Colreavy, John Cassidy, Mohamed Oubaha, Colette Mcdonagh, Brendan Duffy

Articles

Sol–gels are organic–inorganic polymers formed by hydrolysis/condensation reactions of alkoxide precursors, primarily silanes, which have found applications as electronic, optical and protective coatings. These coatings possess important characteristics such as chemical stability, physical strength and scratch resistance. Further performance improvement is achieved through the incorporation of zirconium and titanium based nanoparticles, also formed through the sol–gel process. However due to the inherent difference in the reactivity of the precursors, the hydrolysis of each precursor must be carried out separately before being combined for final condensation. Zirconium precursors are commonly chelated using acetic acids, prior to hydrolysis, to lower the hydrolysis …

Zero-Broadening Measurement In Brillouin Based Slow-Light Delays, Andrzej Wiatrek, Ronny Henker, Stefan Preußler, Max Ammann, Andreas Schwarzbacher, Thomas Schneider

Articles

A novel method for the achievement of zero-broadening in a SBS based slow-light system is discussed in theory and demonstrated experimentally. The system is realized just with a single broadened Brillouin gain. It is shown, that if the gain bandwidth is much broader than the initial pulse width, the output pulse width decreases with increasing pump power. A compression of approximately 90 % of the initial pulse width was achieved in simulation and experiment.

Integration Of Microstrip Patch Antennas With Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells, S. Shynu, Maria Roo Ons, Max Ammann, Sarah Mccormack, Brian Norton

Articles

The implementation of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell as a microwave groundplane in a low-profile, reduced-footprint microstrip patch antenna design for autonomous communication applications is reported. The effects on the antenna/solar performances due to the integration, different electrical conductivities in the silicon layer and variation in incident light intensity are investigated. The antenna sensitivity to the orientation of the anisotropic solar cell geometry is discussed.

Emitter-Wrap-Through Photovoltaic Dipole Antenna With Solar Concentrator, Maria Roo Ons, S. Shynu, Max Ammann, Sarah Mccormack, Brian Norton

Articles

A novel photovoltaic dipole antenna employing a solar concentrator as a reflector is proposed. Four identical emitter-wrap-through rear contact solar cells connected in series as a folded dipole are simultaneously used for power generation and as the antenna radiating element, which is located in the focal line of a parabolic solar concentrator. The parabolic structure acts as a solar concentrator for the photovoltaic cells as well as a reflector for the folded dipole antenna. Full-wave electromagnetic simulation with supportive experimental work validates this design. The measured fractional impedance bandwidth and gain were 21% and 11.1 dBi, respectively. The antenna/solar arrangement …

Compact Uwb Antenna With I-Shaped Band-Notch Parasitic Element For Laptop Applications, Nakchung Choi, Changwon Jung, Joonho Byun, Frances J. Harackiewicz, Myun-Joo Park, Yong-Seek Chung, Taekyun Kim, Byungje Lee

Articles

A compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with a band-notch function is proposed for laptop applications. The band-notch function is realized by a half-wavelength parasitic element printed on the rear side of the substrate. The impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) of the antenna is 3.1 ~ 11.4 GHz (114%) with a notched frequency from 5.05 to 5.90 GHz. The antenna has a fairly good omnidirectional pattern, and the average gain is -3.0 ~ -1.2 dBi over the UWB frequency band except for the notched frequency band. The performance of the proposed antenna is confirmed by simulation and measurement results.

Comparative Models Of Hydrocarbon Emissions For A Diesel Engine Operating At Constant Loads And Speeds, Dennis G. Watson, David R. Bostic, Tony V. Harrison

Articles

Linear multiple regression (LMR) and nonlinear polynomial network (NPN) models were developed from data collected from ISO 8178‐4 (1996) test cycle B‐type tests (ISO) and an expanded set of tests (EXP) to predict hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from a diesel engine. LMR using the ISO training data (R2 = 0.94) resulted in overfitting of the model as applied to the evaluation data (R2 = 0.49). LMR based on the expanded data (R2 = 0.68) was a better LMR model when applied to the evaluation data (R2 = 0.64). NPN using the expanded training data (R2 = 0.99) resulted in the best …

The "Accidental Procreation" Argument For Withholding Legal Recognition For Same-Sex Relationships, Edward D. Stein

Articles

This article examines “the accidental procreation argument,” an argument against same-sex marriage that still has some traction in United States appellate courts. The accidental procreation argument is meant to take the place of one of the central arguments made by states — and almost universally accepted by courts — in the first batch of cases in the United States about same-sex marriage. That original procreation-based argument — now widely acknowledged to be inadequate — posited that marriage is crucially related to procreation; therefore, since same-sex couples cannot procreate, same-sex couples should not be allowed to marry. The accidental procreation argument …

Copyright And Its Rewards, Foreseen And Unforeseen, Justin Hughes

Articles

Responding to Shyamkrishna Balganesh, Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives, 122 Harv. L. Rev. 1569 (2009)

Alternative Approach For Teaching Multibody Dynamics, George Sutherland

Articles

The paper presents an alternative method, the Implicit Constraint Approach (ICA), for developing the equations of motion to describe a system of connected bodies typified by mechanisms and robotic devices. By its simplicity of description and implementation compared to conventional methods, the ICA engages students more in the physics (rather than the mathematics) of the system under study. The ICA enables the direct formation of all needed equations by using only the dynamic equilibrium conditions (in the Newton or Lagrange form). Unlike current approaches, no auxiliary algebraic constraint equations are required. Thus the descriptive equations are ordinary differential equation (ODEs) …

On The Approximability Of Dodgson And Young Elections, Ioannis Caragiannis, Jason Covey, Michal Feldman, Christopher Homan, Christos Kaklamanis, Nikos Karanikolas, Ariel D. Procaccia, Jeffrey S. Rosenschein

Articles

The voting rules proposed by Dodgson and Young are both designed to nd the alternative closest to being a Condorcet winner, according to two di erent notions of proximity; the score of a given alternative is known to be hard to compute under either rule. In this paper, we put forward two algorithms for ap- proximating the Dodgson score: an LP-based randomized rounding algorithm and a deterministic greedy algorithm, both of which yield an O(logm) approximation ratio, where m is the number of alternatives; we observe that this result is asymptotically optimal, and further prove that our greedy algorithm is …

Bayesian Computation Of The Intrinsic Structure Of Factor Analytic Models, Ernest Fokoue

Articles

The study of factor analytic models often has to address two important issues: (a) the determination of the “optimum” number of factors and (b) the derivation of a unique simple structure whose interpretation is easy and straightforward. The classical approach deals with these two tasks separately, and sometimes resorts to ad-hoc methods. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach to these two important issues, and adapts ideas from stochastic geometry and Bayesian finite mixture modelling to construct an ergodic Markov chain having the posterior distribution of the complete collection of parameters (including the number of factors) as its equilibrium distribution. The …

Letting Good Deeds Go Unpunished: Volunteer Immunity Laws And Tort Deterrence, Jill R. Horwitz, Joseph Mead

Articles

Does tort law deter risky behavior in individuals? We explore this question by examining the relationship between tort immunity and volunteering. During the 1980s and 1990s, nearly every state provided some degree of volunteer immunity. Congress followed with the 1997 Volunteer Protection Act. This article analyzes these acts, identifying three motivations for them: the chilling effects of tort liability, limits on liability insurance, and moral concerns. Using data from the Independent Survey’s Giving and Volunteering surveys, we then identify a large and positive correlation between immunity and volunteering. We next consider the implications of the findings for tort theory and …

Combating Global Climate Change: Why A Carbon Tax Is A Better Response To Global Warming Than Cap And Trade, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, David M. Uhlmann

Articles

Global climate change is the most significant environmental issue facing our nation and the world. There no longer is any question that global warming is occurring. Nor is there any serious debate about whether human activity is the root cause. If we fail to make significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions over the next ten to twenty years, we face the possibility of catastrophic environmental harm by the end of this century.

Interpreting Data: A Reply To Professor Pardo, Robert M. Lawless, Angela K. Littwin, Katherine M. Porter, John A. E. Pottow, Deborah K. Thorne, Elizabeth Warren

Articles

Professor Pardo has published a pointed critique to our Report, raising three major complaints. First, he claims that we make two predicating assumptions in our study that are flawed. Second, he contends that we misunderstand the means test and fail to appreciate with sufficient "nuance" its "operative effect." Third, he maintains that our Report suffers from methodological problems. We can address the two impugned assumptions quickly. The first one - that BAPCPA's means test is the sole causal agent driving 800,000 putative filers from the bankruptcy courts - is not one we make. The second - regarding the income profiles …

How Much Does It Matter Whether Courts Work Within The "Clearly Marked" Provisions Of The Bill Of Rights Or With The "Generalities" Of The Fourteenth Amendment?, Yale Kamisar

Articles

We know that it really mattered to Justice Hugo Black. As he made clear in his famous dissenting opinion in Adamson v. California] Black was convinced that the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment was to apply the complete protection of the Bill of Rights to the states.2 And, as he also made plain in his Adamson dissent, he was equally convinced that working with the "specific" or "explicit" guarantees of the first Eight Amendments would furnish Americans more protection than would applying the generalities of the Fourteenth Amendment.3

Converging Flow Between Coaxial Cones, O. Hall, A. D. Gilbert, C. P. Hills

Articles

Fluid flow governed by the Navier-Stokes equation is considered in a domain bounded by two cones with the same axis. In the first, 'non-parallel' case, the two cones have the same apex and different angles θ = α and β in spherical polar coordinates (r, θ, φ). In the second, 'parallel' case, the two cones have the same opening angle α, parallel walls separated by a gap h and apices separated by a distance h/sinα. Flows are driven by a source Q at the origin, the apex of the lower cone in the parallel case. The Stokes solution for the …

Nonaxisymmetric Stokes Flow Between Concentric Cones, O. Hall, C. P. Hills, A. D. Gilbert

Articles

We study the fully three-dimensional Stokes flow within a geometry consisting of two infinite cones with coincident apices. The Stokes approximation is valid near the apex and we consider the dominant flow features as it is approached. The cones are assumed to be stationary and the flow to be driven by an arbitrary far-field disturbance. We express the flow quantities in terms of eigenfunction expansions and allow for the first time for nonaxisymmetric flow regimes through an azimuthal wave number. The eigenvalue problem is solved numerically for successive wave numbers. Both real and complex sequences of eigenvalues are found, their …

Generalised Fourier Transform And Perturbations To Soliton Equations, Georgi Grahovski, Rossen Ivanov

Articles

A brief survey of the theory of soliton perturbations is presented. The focus is on the usefulness of the so-called Generalised Fourier Transform (GFT). This is a method that involves expansions over the complete basis of “squared solutions” of the spectral problem, associated to the soliton equation. The Inverse Scattering Transform for the corresponding hierarchy of soliton equations can be viewed as a GFT where the expansions of the solutions have generalised Fourier coefficients given by the scattering data. The GFT provides a natural setting for the analysis of small perturbations to an integrable equation: starting from a purely soliton …

One-Pot Synthesis Of Anionic (Nitrogen) And Cationic (Sulfur) Codoped High-Temperature Stable, Visible Light Active, Anatase Photocatalysts, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, Steven Hinder, Pradeepan Periyat

Articles

No abstract provided.

Application Of Natural Antimicrobials For Food Preservation, Brijesh Tiwari, Vasilis Valdramidis, Colm O' Donnell, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Patrick J. Cullen, Paula Bourke

Articles

In this review, antimicrobials from a range of plant, animal, and microbial sources are reviewed 10 along with their potential applications in food systems. Chemical and biochemical antimicrobial 11 compounds derived from these natural sources and their activity against a range of pathogenic and 12 spoilage microorganisms pertinent to food, together with their effects on food organoleptic proper- 13 ties, are outlined. Factors influencing the antimicrobial activity of such agents are discussed 14 including extraction methods, molecular weight, and agent origin. These issues are considered in 15 conjunction with the latest developments in the quantification of the minimum inhibitory (and …