Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
File Type

Articles 2761 - 2790 of 3103

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Financing Clinical Research And Experimental Therapies: Payment Due, But From Whom?, Patricia C. Kuszler Jan 2000

Financing Clinical Research And Experimental Therapies: Payment Due, But From Whom?, Patricia C. Kuszler

Articles

This article will explore the realm of clinical research and the question of who should finance such research. The first part will define the various types and levels of clinical research in terms of the regulatory controls and oversight applied to such research. Then the article will summarize how the costs of clinical research and experimental therapies have been covered in the past. Finally, the article will evaluate the risks and benefits derived by the various stakeholders and propose a financing rationale for therapies that places the burden of cost squarely on the stakeholders most likely to benefit.


Environmental Applications Of Remote Sensing, Anthony Vodacek Jan 2000

Environmental Applications Of Remote Sensing, Anthony Vodacek

Articles

This article may also be accessed from the publisher's website at http://www.svifsi.ch/revue/pages/issues/n004/no004.html Remote sensing is routinely used for understanding many aspects of the earth environment that are important to sustainability. Remote sensing is used in weather forecasting and global climate studies, natural hazard analysis, crop condition and yield prediction, and forestry applications, for example. The techniques and hardware used to obtain the remotely sensed data for these applications are as widely varying as the applications themselves. Remote imaging systems may collect spectral data of reflected sunlight, emitted thermal or microwave radiation, or reflected radar signals to provide the desired information …


Production Of A Signal By Irradiated Cells Which Leads To A Response In Unirradiated Cells Characteristic Of Initiation Of Apoptosis, Fiona Lyng, C. Seymour, C. Mothersill Jan 2000

Production Of A Signal By Irradiated Cells Which Leads To A Response In Unirradiated Cells Characteristic Of Initiation Of Apoptosis, Fiona Lyng, C. Seymour, C. Mothersill

Articles

This study investigated the ability of medium from irradiated cells to induce early events in the apoptotic cascade, such as mobilization of intracellular calcium, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in reactive oxygen species, in cells which were never exposed to radiation. Medium from irradiated human keratinocytes was harvested and transferred to unirradiated keratinocytes. Endpoints characteristic of the initiation of apoptosis were monitored for a period of 24 h following medium transfer. Clonogenic survival was also measured. Rapid calcium fluxes (within 30 s), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increases in reactive oxygen species (from 6 h after medium transfer), …


Three Faces Of Private Property, Michael A. Heller Jan 2000

Three Faces Of Private Property, Michael A. Heller

Articles

Private property is a rather elusive concept. Any kid knows what it means for something to be mine or yours, but grownup legal theorists get flustered when they try to pin down the term. Typically they, actually we, turn to a familiar analytic toolkit: including, for example, Blackstone's image of private property as "sole and despotic dominion"; Hardin's metaphor of the "tragedy of the commons"; and, more generally, the division of ownership into a trilogy of private, commons, and state forms. While each analytic tool has a distinguished pedigree and certain present usefulness, each also imposes a cost because it …


Linking The Visions, James Boyd White Jan 2000

Linking The Visions, James Boyd White

Articles

It is a major tendency of legal studies in our time to focus upon questions of general social policy, with argument centered on which theory or methodology ought to determine such matters. My own attention has been differently focused, on the nature and quality of legal thoughts itself, and of legal expression. It is to these matters that the work I do with the humanities – literature, classics, philosophy, and translation – many speaks.


The Promise And Perils Of Strategic Publication To Create Prior Art: A Response To Professor Parchomovsky, Rebecca S. Eisenberg Jan 2000

The Promise And Perils Of Strategic Publication To Create Prior Art: A Response To Professor Parchomovsky, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Articles

In a provocative recent article in the Michigan Law Review, Professor Gideon Parchomovsky observes that a firm racing with a competitor to make a patentable invention might find it strategically advantageous to publish interim research results rather than risk losing a patent race. This strategy exploits legal rules limiting patent protection to technological advances that are new and "nonobvious" in light of the "prior art" or preexisting knowledge in the field. By publishing research results, a firm adds to the prior art and thereby limits what may be patented in the future. Parchomovsky posits that, before it is able to …


Analyze This: A Law And Economics Agenda For The Patent System, Rebecca S. Eisenberg Jan 2000

Analyze This: A Law And Economics Agenda For The Patent System, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Articles

Legal scholars and economists might enhance the value and impact of their work by making more effective use of each other's knowledge and capabilities. Legal scholars can offer a more nuanced understanding of the legal rules that underlie the patent system and the doctrinal levers that might be manipulated in furtherance of public policy goals. Economists bring to bear a set of analytical and methodological tools that could shed considerable light on what these doctrinal levers are doing and which of them we ought to be manipulating. Together, we have a better chance of asking the right questions and thinking …


The Enlightenment Case For Vouchers, John O. Mcginnis Jan 2000

The Enlightenment Case For Vouchers, John O. Mcginnis

Articles

No abstract provided.


A Presumption Of Innocence, Not Of Even Odds, Richard D. Friedman Jan 2000

A Presumption Of Innocence, Not Of Even Odds, Richard D. Friedman

Articles

Now I know how the Munchkins felt. Here I have been, toiling in the fields of Evidenceland for some years, laboring along with others to show how use of Bayesian probability theory can assist in the analysis and understanding of evidentiary problems.' In doing so, we have had to wage continuous battle against the Bayesioskeptics-the wicked witches who deny much value, even heuristic value, for probability theory in evidentiary analysis.2 Occasionally, I have longed for law-and-economics scholars to help work this field, which should be fertile ground for them.3 So imagine my delight when the virtual personification of law and …


Legal Representation For Children In Protection Proceedings: Two Distinct Lawyer Roles Are Required, Donald N. Duquette Jan 2000

Legal Representation For Children In Protection Proceedings: Two Distinct Lawyer Roles Are Required, Donald N. Duquette

Articles

The thesis of this article is that it is a mistake to try to develop a single lawyer role for children in protection cases which tries to accommodate their developing capacities from infants to articulate teens. Sometimes a child needs a traditional attorney; sometimes a best interests advocate. We should adopt different standards for the different lawyer roles. Trying to define a single lawyer role for children of all ages and all capacities is an impossible task. This article argues that we should resolve the ambivalence not by adopting a client-directed or a best interests approach, but by having two …


Civilizing The Natives: Marriage In Post-Apartheid South Africa, David L. Chambers Jan 2000

Civilizing The Natives: Marriage In Post-Apartheid South Africa, David L. Chambers

Articles

South Africa is a land of many cultures. For several hundred years, British and Afrikaaner whites controlled the country, systematically manipulating black people to the whites' advantage. For the most part, however, whites tolerated the continuation within black communities of traditional marriage practices that white Christians considered uncivilized. In 1994, South Africa changed governments. A black majority Parliament came to power, adopting a consitution dedicated to equality and human dignity. Four years later, Parliament adopted a new marriage law that, though permitting some of the external trappings of the traditional marriage system to continue, eliminated by law much of the …


Kenneth Starr: Diabolically Evil?, Jeanne L. Schroeder, David G. Carlson Jan 2000

Kenneth Starr: Diabolically Evil?, Jeanne L. Schroeder, David G. Carlson

Articles

No abstract provided.


The Baker [Baker V. State, 744 A.2d 864 (Vt. 1999)] Case, Civil Unions, And The Recognition Of Our Common Humanity: An Introduction And A Speculation, David L. Chambers Jan 2000

The Baker [Baker V. State, 744 A.2d 864 (Vt. 1999)] Case, Civil Unions, And The Recognition Of Our Common Humanity: An Introduction And A Speculation, David L. Chambers

Articles

Every. Vermonter seems to know about two recent decisions of the Vermont Supreme Court. In the first, the court struck down the system of local financing of public schools. Like similar decisions in many other states, the school financing case led to a struggle in the legislature and difficulties for legislators at election time. In the second and even more controversial decision, the court reached an outcome that no other state supreme court had ever reached: it held unconstitutional the state's marriage law on the ground that it inappropriately denied the legal benefits of marriage to same-sex couples. This decision, …


Family Law In The Age Of Distrust, Carl E. Scheider Jun 1999

Family Law In The Age Of Distrust, Carl E. Scheider

Articles

I have been invited to examine the relationship between American culture and American family law at the end of the century. No doubt I was foolish to accept the invitation, since the topic can hardly be sketched, much less discussed, within the compass of even a lengthy article. On the other hand, that happy fault forces me to accept the luxury of writing a speculative essay and of eschewing the footnotes that are the misery (and majesty) of the academic lawyer. But even thus set free I am still enchained. Family law is shaped by more cultural forces than I …


Professionalism: Restoring The Flame, Donald L. Burnett Jr. Jan 1999

Professionalism: Restoring The Flame, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

Articles

No abstract provided.


Professionalism: Restoring The Flame, Donald L. Burnett Jr. Jan 1999

Professionalism: Restoring The Flame, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

Articles

No abstract provided.


Between Monster And Machine: Rethinking The Judicial Function, Lee Anne Fennell Jan 1999

Between Monster And Machine: Rethinking The Judicial Function, Lee Anne Fennell

Articles

No abstract provided.


What Does Frieda Yoder Believe?, Emily Buss Jan 1999

What Does Frieda Yoder Believe?, Emily Buss

Articles

No abstract provided.


Controlling The Costs Of Alternative Medicine, Lior Strahilevitz Jan 1999

Controlling The Costs Of Alternative Medicine, Lior Strahilevitz

Articles

No abstract provided.


Very Stereotype The Law Condemns: Constitutional Sex Discrimination Law As A Quest For Perfect Proxies, Mary Anne Case Jan 1999

Very Stereotype The Law Condemns: Constitutional Sex Discrimination Law As A Quest For Perfect Proxies, Mary Anne Case

Articles

No abstract provided.


Hayekian Socialism, Richard A. Epstein Jan 1999

Hayekian Socialism, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.


Status Signaling And The Law, With Particular Application To Sexual Harassment, Richard A. Posner, Gertrud M. Fremling Jan 1999

Status Signaling And The Law, With Particular Application To Sexual Harassment, Richard A. Posner, Gertrud M. Fremling

Articles

No abstract provided.


Sex Discrimination In Life And Law, Diane P. Wood Jan 1999

Sex Discrimination In Life And Law, Diane P. Wood

Articles

No abstract provided.


Mine Disaster Threatens Spain's Donana National Park, Jerrold A. Long Jan 1999

Mine Disaster Threatens Spain's Donana National Park, Jerrold A. Long

Articles

No abstract provided.


Is The Clean Air Act Unconstitutional?, Cass R. Sunstein Jan 1999

Is The Clean Air Act Unconstitutional?, Cass R. Sunstein

Articles

No abstract provided.


Liberty, Patriarchy, And Feminism, Richard A. Epstein Jan 1999

Liberty, Patriarchy, And Feminism, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.


The Ada In Turmoil: Judicial Dissonance, The Supreme Court's Response, And The Future Of Disability Discrimination Law, Stephen F. Befort, Holly Lindquist Thomas Jan 1999

The Ada In Turmoil: Judicial Dissonance, The Supreme Court's Response, And The Future Of Disability Discrimination Law, Stephen F. Befort, Holly Lindquist Thomas

Articles

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1 was enacted in 1990 with considerable fanfare and support. A broad-based coalition of supporters testified in favor of the legislation before committee hearings 2 and both houses of Congress passed the legislation by wide margins. 3 President George Bush, in signing the ADA into law, described the new statute as "an historic opportunity" 4 representing "the full flowering of our democratic principles." 5


More Light Thoughts And Night Thoughts On The American Family, Judith T. Younger Jan 1999

More Light Thoughts And Night Thoughts On The American Family, Judith T. Younger

Articles

No abstract provided.


Mental Illness And Long-Term Disability Plans Under The Americans With Disabilities Act, Stephen F. Befort Jan 1999

Mental Illness And Long-Term Disability Plans Under The Americans With Disabilities Act, Stephen F. Befort

Articles

No abstract provided.


The Transformation Of The Juvenile Court--Part Ii: Social Structure, Race, And The "Crack Down" On Youth Crime, Barry C. Feld Jan 1999

The Transformation Of The Juvenile Court--Part Ii: Social Structure, Race, And The "Crack Down" On Youth Crime, Barry C. Feld

Articles

Part I briefly analyzes the social history of the juvenile court and argues that the progressive reformers who created the juvenile court designed it to discriminate against "other peoples' children," a feature that carries over into contemporary juvenile justice administration. Part II analyzes the "constitutional domestication" of the juvenile court. It places the U.S. Supreme Court's juvenile court "due process" decisions in a broader social structural context and argues that the Court emphasized procedural safeguards as part of its broader agenda to protect the civil rights and liberty interests of minorities. Part III analyzes the impact of the juvenile court's …