Digital Commons Network^™

Defects In Death-Inducing Signalling Complex Formation Prevent Jnk Activation And Fas-Mediated Apoptosis In Du 145 Prostate Carcinoma Cells, James Curtin, Thomas Cotter

Articles

Androgen-independent prostate carcinomas are resistant to chemotherapy and cell lines derived from androgen-independent prostate carcinomas such as DU 145 cells are highly resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The incubation of DU 145 cells with anti-Fas IgM agonistic antibody of Fas receptor fails to activate JNK, a stress kinase involved in regulating apoptosis. We have previously shown that JNK activation is sufficient and necessary to promote Fas-mediated apoptosis in DU 145 cells. We investigate the mechanisms by which JNK activation and apoptosis are abrogated. HSP27 is overexpressed in DU 145 cells and has previously been reported to sequester DAXX and prevent JNK …

Of World Music And Sovereign States, Professors And The Formation Of Legal Norms, Justin Hughes

Articles

No abstract provided.

Identification And Use Of Actinomycetes For Enhanced Nodulation Of Soybean Co-Inoculated With Bradyrhizobium Japonicum, A. K. Gregor, Brian Klubek, E. C. Versa

Articles

The utilization of actinomycetes as potential soybean (Glycine max (L.)) co-inoculants was evaluated. Soil samples from Carbondale and Belleville, Ill., were used to inoculate pre-germinated soybean plants to determine antibiotic sensitivity in the native Bradyrhizobium japonicum population. Sensitivity was in the order kanamycin > tetracycline > oxytetracycline > rifampicin > neomycin. Antagonism by five actinomycete cultures toward seven test strains of B. japonicum was also assessed. The ranking average inhibition (across all seven B. japonicum strains) by these actino mycetes was Streptomyces kanamyceticus = Streptomyces coeruleoprunus > Streptomyces rimosus > Streptomyces sp. > Amy colatopsis mediterranei. Ten antibiotic combinations were used to isolate antibiotic-resistant mutants of B. …

The Persistence Of Ecological-Economic Systems: Alternate Measures And Their Properties, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal

Articles

A number of ecologists and some economists have commented on the significance of persistence as a stability concept for jointly determined ecological-economic systems. This notwithstanding, the economics and the regional science literatures have paid scant attention to the problem of computing an ecological-economic system’s persistence. As such, this paper has two objectives. First, we derive three measures of the persistence of a jointly determined ecological-economic system whose temporal behavior is governed by the presence of thresholds. Next, we compare and contrast these three measures. Finally, we discuss their theoretical properties and their practical uses.

Law's Non-Existent Empire, Jeanne L. Schroeder, David G. Carlson

Articles

The article critiques Pierre Schlag's normative legal thought, arguing that while his descriptive critique of law as a fiction is accurate, his normative proposal to abolish law is contradictory and flawed. By incorporating Lacanian psychoanalysis, the authors contend that law, as part of the symbolic order, is constitutive of subjectivity and cannot be abolished. They propose that legal scholarship should instead focus on exposing law's role in shaping subjectivity rather than seeking to eliminate it. The analysis emphasizes that law, like language, is an intersubjective system sustained by collective belief, despite lacking a concrete foundation.

Patenting Genome Research Tools And The Law., Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Articles

Patenting genes encoding therapeutic proteins was relatively uncontroversial in the early days of biotechnology. Controversy arose in the era of high-throughput DNA sequencing, when gene patents started to look less like patents on drugs and more like patents on scientific information. Evolving scientific and business strategies for exploiting genomic information raised concerns that patents might slow subsequent research. The trend towards stricter enforcement of the utility and disclosure requirements by the patent offices should help clarify the current confusion.

Subject Unrest, Jerome M. Culp Jr., Angela P. Harris, Francisco Valdes

Articles

No abstract provided.

Crossing Borders In Anne Tyler's Fiction, Susan Norton

Articles

No abstract provided.

A Theory Of The Laws Of War, Eric A. Posner

Articles

No abstract provided.

Indirect Restraints On The Provision Of Health Care Quality, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

Journals As A Feminist Playground, Mary Anne Case

Articles

No abstract provided.

The 'Necessary' History Of Property And Liberty, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

Protecting Sex: Sexual Disincentives And Sex-Based Discrimination In Nguyen V. Ins, Laura Weinrib

Articles

No abstract provided.

Simply Efficient Markets And The Role Of Regulation: Lessons From The Iowa Electronic Markets And The Hollywood Stock Exchange, Saul Levmore

Articles

No abstract provided.

Piney Run: The Permits Are Not What They Seem, Jessica Owley

Articles

In 2001, the Fourth Circuit addressed the permit shield provision of the Clean Water Act and found it to provide broad-scale protection for polluters. In Piney Run Preservation Association v. County Commissioners of Carroll County, the Fourth Circuit held that facilities with discharge permits are protected from lawsuits even when discharging pollutants not contained within their permits. Under this ruling, permit holders may discharge, without fear of penalty, any disclosed pollutant within the reasonable expectation of the permitting authority. This decision is worrisome because it does not protect the goals of the Clean Water Act and deprives the public …

Beyond The Precautionary Principle, Cass R. Sunstein

Articles

The precautionary principle has been highly influential in legal systems all over the world. In its strongest and most distinctive forms, the principle imposes a burden of proof on those who create potential risks, and it requires regulation of activities even if it cannot be shown that those activities are likely to produce significant harms. Taken in this strong form, the precautionary principle should be rejected, not because it leads in bad directions, but because it leads in no direction at all. The principle is literally paralyzing-forbidding inaction, stringent regulation, and everything in between. The reason is that in the …

Naturalized Epistemology And The Law Of Evidence: Reply To Redmayne, Ronald J. Allen, Brian Leiter

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Long-Run Growth In Obesity As A Function Of Technological Change, Richard A. Posner, Tomas J. Philipson

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Economists' New Arguments, Brett Mcdonnell

Articles

Adam and Max, two law professors and longtime friends, have just run into each other at an Association of American Law Schools (AALS) meeting. Adam has long been a zealous partisan of the law and economics approach to legal analysis. Max, though he has some training in economics, is more skeptical about that approach. The two old friends have discussed various aspects of this subject over the years, and in this meeting they renew their discussion. The topic this time: Fairness Versus Welfare, 1 the new book (formerly a mammoth article in the Harvard Law Review) 2 by two leading …

Human Rights Approach To Intellectual Property Protection: The Genesis And Application Of Sub-Commission Resolution 2000/7, David Weissbrodt, Kell Schoff

Articles

On August 17, 2000, the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (the Sub- Commission) adopted Resolution 2000/7, entitled Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights .1 This resolution signified the Sub-Commission s belief that international intellectual property regimes were not adequately accounting for human rights norms.2 Resolution 2000/7 called on U.N. Member States, intergovernmental bodies, and various U.N. entities to reaffirm their commitments toward the achievement of international human rights norms, adopt a human rights approach to the development of international intellectual property regimes, and further study the interaction between intellectual property protection and human rights.3

Race, Politics, And Juvenile Justice: The Warren Court And The Conservative "Backlash", Barry C. Feld

Articles

A century ago, the Progressive reformers who created the juvenile court embraced a particular ideological construction of childhood as one of innocence and vulnerability. They also adopted a scientific conception of social control - positive criminology - that attempted to identify the causes of criminality and purported to treat, rather than to punish, offenders. The juvenile court combined the new conception of childhood with the new strategies of positive criminology to create a judicial-welfare alternative to the adult criminal process for juveniles. The juvenile court affirmed the responsibility of families to raise their children while expanding the state's prerogative to …

Competence, Culpability, And Punishment: Implications Of Atkins For Executing And Sentencing Adolescents, Barry C. Feld

Articles

The Supreme Court has explored the issues of culpability, proportionality, and deserved punishment most fully in the context of capital punishment. In death penalty decisions addressing developmental impairments and culpability, the Court has considered the cases of defendants with mental retardation and older adolescents, and has created an anomalous inconsistency by reaching opposite conclusions about the deserved punishment for each group of defendants. Recently, in Atkins v. Virginia, the Court relied on both empirical and normative justifications to categorically prohibit states from executing defendants with mental retardation. Atkins reasoned that mentally retarded offenders lacked the reasoning, judgment, and impulse control …

Historical Perspectives (Apoptosis), James Curtin, Thomas Cotter

Articles

Apoptosis is one of the most widely studied fields in biology and accounts for over 2% of all life science publications annually. It plays a fundamental role in development, and defects in the regulation of apoptosis are directly implicated in numerous well-known diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, tissue atrophy and auto-immune diseases. However, the field of apoptosis has humble beginnings and was neglected by biologists for much of its history. This chapter reviews the history of research in apoptosis and highlights key experiments that have contributed significantly to our current understanding of apoptosis. In addition, the topics covered in later …

Class And Status In American Law: Race, Interest, And The Anti-Transformation Cases, Martha R. Mahoney

Articles

No abstract provided.

Hard Law, Soft Law, And Non-Law In Multilateral Arms Control: Some Compliance Hypotheses, Richard L. Williamson Jr.

Articles

No abstract provided.

Water Quality Today - Has The Clean Water Act Been A Success Symposium: The Clean Water Act At Thirty: Progress, Problems, And Potential, William L. Andreen

Articles

No abstract provided.

Taking Educational Caste Seriously: Why Grutter Will Help Very Little From Brown To Grutter: Affirmative Action And Higher Education In The South, Bryan K. Fair

Articles

No abstract provided.

Equal Access And The Public Forum: Pinette's Imbalance Of Free Speech And Establishment, Alberto B. Lopez

Articles

Donna's Law would allow individuals who fear suicide to prevent their own impulsive gun purchases. Research shows that many people would sign up, and versions of Donna's Law have passed in Washington State and Virginia. This study is the first to assess public support for enacting Donna's Law. We find broad support overall, including majority support among Republicans and gun owners. There is room for consensus around this voluntary measure to reduce gun suicide.

Substantially Limited Justice?: The Possibilities And Limits Of A New Rawlsian Analysis Of Disability-Based Discrimination, Elizabeth Pendo

Articles

John Rawls has been called the most significant and influential moral philosopher of the twentieth century, and his ideas have deeply influenced discussions of social, political, and economic justice across disciplines including law, philosophy, and political science. Given his preeminence, does Rawls's theory of justice as fairness fail in either of the two ways described above or is it a promising analysis for achieving justice for people with disabilities?

In its most recent terms, the Supreme Court has increasingly turned its attention toward the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the ADA). In several significant decisions, it has grappled with …

Assessment Of The Acoustic Properties Of Common Tissue-Mimicking Test Phantoms, Jacinta Browne, K. Ramnarine, A. Watson, P. Hoskins

Articles

Ultrasound (US) test phantoms incorporating tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) play an important role in the quality control (QC) and performance testing of US equipment. Three commercially available TMMs (ZerdineTM from CIRS Inc.; condensed-milk-based gel from Gammex RMI; urethane-rubber-based from ATS Labs) and a noncommercial agar-based TMM, were investigated. Acoustic properties were measured over the frequency range 2.25 to 15 MHz at a range of ambient temperatures (10 to 35°C). The acoustic velocity of the TMMs remained relatively constant with increasing frequency. Only the agar-based TMM had a linear increase of attenuation with frequency, with the other materials exhibiting nonlinear responses to …