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Health Privacy In A Techno-Social World: A Cyber-Patient's Bill Of Rights, Patricia S. Abril, Anita Cava
Health Privacy In A Techno-Social World: A Cyber-Patient's Bill Of Rights, Patricia S. Abril, Anita Cava
Articles
No abstract provided.
Green Tea Extract As A Natural Antioxidant To Extend The Shelf-Life Of Fresh-Cut Lettuce, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico
Green Tea Extract As A Natural Antioxidant To Extend The Shelf-Life Of Fresh-Cut Lettuce, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico
Articles
Green tea extract (GT) was evaluated as a preservative treatment for fresh-cut lettuce. Different quality markers, e.g. respiration, browning, ascorbic acid and carotenoid content were evaluated. GT concentration (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g 100 mL− 1) and temperature (20 °C and 50 °C) were tested. Optimal GT treatment (0.25 g 100 mL− 1 at 20 °C) was compared with chlorine (120 ppm at 20 °C). High GT concentrations (0.5 g 100 mL− 1 and 1.0 g 100 mL− 1) maintained better prevent ascorbic acid and carotenoid loss than 0.25 g 100 mL− 1 GT and chlorine. GT increased browning of …
Assessing The Effect Of Product Variability On The Management Of The Quality Of Mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporus), Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Leixuri Aguirre, Helen Grogan
Assessing The Effect Of Product Variability On The Management Of The Quality Of Mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporus), Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Leixuri Aguirre, Helen Grogan
Articles
To study the shelf-life of mushrooms, over 25 batches were subjected to three storage temperatures (T) (5, 15 and 25 ◦ C) and three storage relative humidity (RH) levels (70, 80 and 90%). The effect of T and the RH on the kinetics of quality attributes of the batches was studied by measuring water activity, turgor, colour (L, a* and b* in the Hunter Scale) and weight loss of three different tissues (cap, gills and stipe) of the mushroom. Linear mixed effect models, comprising polynomial models to describe quality kinetics and allowing for batch-to-batch and inside-batch nested variabilitystructure, were built. …
Working Report On The Status Quo Of Nanomaterials Impact On Health And Environment, Harald Krug, Margarita Apostolova, Marite Arija Bake, Gordon Chambers, Horia Chiriac, Eva Herzog, Victoria Hand, Jürgen Höck, Peter Hoet, Nicoleta Lupu, Declan Mccormack, Maja Remskar, George Robillard, Jamila Smisterova, Jan Stetkiewicz, Speranta Tanasescu, Aris Tsatsakis, David Vaughn, Peter Wick, Jörg Wörle-Knirsch
Working Report On The Status Quo Of Nanomaterials Impact On Health And Environment, Harald Krug, Margarita Apostolova, Marite Arija Bake, Gordon Chambers, Horia Chiriac, Eva Herzog, Victoria Hand, Jürgen Höck, Peter Hoet, Nicoleta Lupu, Declan Mccormack, Maja Remskar, George Robillard, Jamila Smisterova, Jan Stetkiewicz, Speranta Tanasescu, Aris Tsatsakis, David Vaughn, Peter Wick, Jörg Wörle-Knirsch
Articles
Nanotechnology is regarded as one of the key technologies of the future and associated with high expectations by politics, science and economy. Artificially produced nanosized particles and nanoscale system components have new properties which are of importance for the development of new products and applications. Such new properties of materials and substances result from the special properties of surfaces and interfaces and in part, from the geometric shape of the material. In theory nanoparticles (NPs) can be produced from nearly any chemical; however, most NPs that are currently in use today have been made from transition metals, silicon, carbon (single-walled …
Motivating Individuals: Growing Research From A Fragile Base, Ellen Hazelkorn
Motivating Individuals: Growing Research From A Fragile Base, Ellen Hazelkorn
Articles
Faculty around the world are experiencing changes in their academic work. While “traditional” universities are responding to demands for greater accountability and increased and timely outputs from research, faculty within new higher education institutions (HEIs) are undergoing a paradigm shift within three concentric circles of change. Not only do they have to alter their own academic practice, but their HEI is also undergoing a revolution at a time when higher education is itself being transformed. The article documents these changes, challenging the assumption that there is a homogeneous or “single academic profession” with a common experience of academic change, and …
The Development Of A Qualitative Real-Time Rt-Pcr Assay For The Detection Of Hepatitis C Virus, Celine Herra, A. Clancy, B. Crowley, H. Niesters
The Development Of A Qualitative Real-Time Rt-Pcr Assay For The Detection Of Hepatitis C Virus, Celine Herra, A. Clancy, B. Crowley, H. Niesters
Articles
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) represents a favourable option for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RTPCR) assay was developed as a qualitative diagnostic screening method for the detection of HCV using the ABI PRISM 7500 Sequence Detection System. The primers and probe were designed to target the 5′ untranslated region of the hepatitis C viral genome. A second heterologous probe assay was developed for the detection of the haemagglutinin gene of phocine distemper virus (PDV) and was used as an internal control. A semi-automated HCV extraction method was also implemented using the ABI …
High-Power Low-Frequency Ultrasound: A Review Of Tissue Dissection And Ablation In Medicine And Surgery, Brendan O'Daly, Edmund Morris, Graham Gavin, John O'Byrne, Garrett Mcguinness
High-Power Low-Frequency Ultrasound: A Review Of Tissue Dissection And Ablation In Medicine And Surgery, Brendan O'Daly, Edmund Morris, Graham Gavin, John O'Byrne, Garrett Mcguinness
Articles
High-power low-frequency ultrasound in the range 20–60 kHz has wide ranging clinical applications in surgical and medical instruments for biological tissue cutting, ablation or fragmentation, and removal. Despite widespread clinical application and common device operating characteristics, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of tissue failure, removal and damage. The relative contribution of cavitation, direct mechanical impact and thermal effects to each process for specific tissue types remains unclear. Different and distinct mechanisms and rates of tissue removal are observed for interaction with soft and hard tissue types. Device operating parameters known to affect the interaction include frequency, peak–peak …
Recent Applications Of Chemical Imaging To Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring And Quality Control, A. A. Gowen, Colm O'Donnell, Patrick J. Cullen, S. Bell
Recent Applications Of Chemical Imaging To Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring And Quality Control, A. A. Gowen, Colm O'Donnell, Patrick J. Cullen, S. Bell
Articles
Chemical Imaging (CI) is an emerging platform technology that integrates conventional imaging and spectroscopy to attain both spatial and spectral information from an object. Vibrational spectroscopic methods, such as Near Infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy, combined with imaging are particularly useful for analysis of biological/pharmaceutical forms. The rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive features of CI mark its potential suitability as a process analytical tool for the pharmaceutical industry, for both process monitoring and quality control in the many stages of drug production. This paper provides an overview of CI principles, instrumentation and analysis. Recent applications of Raman and NIR-CI to pharmaceutical …
Resolving Conflict In Non-Ideal, Complex Systems: Solutions For The Law-Science Breakdown In Environmental And Natural Resource Law, Barbara Cosens
Resolving Conflict In Non-Ideal, Complex Systems: Solutions For The Law-Science Breakdown In Environmental And Natural Resource Law, Barbara Cosens
Articles
In 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court decided a consolidated case concerning the scope of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' jurisdiction to require permits for dredge and fill of wetlands under section 404 of the Clean Water Act, issuing a plurality, two concurrences, and two dissents. Each opinion has a solid legal foundation, yet none truly makes sense if the science of the resource in question is considered. The opinions in Rapanos v. United States illuminate the struggle at the law-science interface. The problem is not due to either a failure in legal reasoning or a failure in scientific methodology …
Parenthood, Professorship, And Librarianship: Are They Mutually Exclusive?, Stephanie J. Graves, Jian Anna Xiong, Ji-Hye Park
Parenthood, Professorship, And Librarianship: Are They Mutually Exclusive?, Stephanie J. Graves, Jian Anna Xiong, Ji-Hye Park
Articles
A survey of tenure-track and tenured librarians at ARL libraries provides data on the relationship between parenthood and professorship. Results analyze the impact of the promotion and tenure process on child-bearing and child-rearing decisions. Discrepancies are found based on gender, tenure status, and family status.
Treg Depletion Inhibits Efficacy Of Cancer Immunotherapy: Implications For Clinical Trials., James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Tamer Fakhouri, Chunyan Liu, Anderson Alden, Matthew Edwards, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Treg Depletion Inhibits Efficacy Of Cancer Immunotherapy: Implications For Clinical Trials., James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Tamer Fakhouri, Chunyan Liu, Anderson Alden, Matthew Edwards, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
BACKGROUND: Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) infiltrate human glioblastoma (GBM); are involved in tumor progression and correlate with tumor grade. Transient elimination of Tregs using CD25 depleting antibodies (PC61) has been found to mediate GBM regression in preclinical models of brain tumors. Clinical trials that combine Treg depletion with tumor vaccination are underway to determine whether transient Treg depletion can enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve long term survival in cancer patients. FINDINGS: Using a syngeneic intracrabial glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model we show that systemic depletion of Tregs 15 days after tumor implantation using PC61 resulted in a decrease in Tregs …
Design Of A Multiple Component Geometric Breast Phantom, Karl G. Baum, Kevin Mcnamara, María Helguera
Design Of A Multiple Component Geometric Breast Phantom, Karl G. Baum, Kevin Mcnamara, María Helguera
Articles
The quality and realism of simulated images is currently limited by the quality of the digital phantoms used for the simulations. The transition from simple raster based phantoms to more detailed geometric (mesh) based phantoms has the potential to increase the usefulness of the simulated data. A preliminary breast phantom which contains 12 distinct tissue classes along with the tissue properties necessary for the simulation of dynamic positron emission tomography scans was created (activity and attenuation). The phantom contains multiple components which can be separately manipulated, utilizing geometric transformations, to represent populations or a single individual being imaged in multiple …
Turning The Gene Tap Off; Implications Of Regulating Gene Expression For Cancer Therapeutics, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Turning The Gene Tap Off; Implications Of Regulating Gene Expression For Cancer Therapeutics, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
Cancer poses a tremendous therapeutic challenge worldwide, highlighting the critical need for developing novel therapeutics. A promising cancer treatment modality is gene therapy, which is a form of molecular medicine designed to introduce into target cells genetic material with therapeutic intent. Anticancer gene therapy strategies currently used in preclinical models, and in some cases in the clinic, include proapoptotic genes, oncolytic/replicative vectors, conditional cytotoxic approaches, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of growth factor signaling, inactivation of oncogenes, inhibition of tumor invasion and stimulation of the immune system. The translation of these novel therapeutic modalities from the preclinical setting to the clinic …
Us Missile Shield Plan Heightens European Insecurities, Tom Clonan
Us Missile Shield Plan Heightens European Insecurities, Tom Clonan
Articles
European Missile Shield The US Missile Defence Agency (MDA) – without recourse to NATO – is engaged in bilateral negotiations with Poland and the Czech Republic to site missile-shield silos and X-Band radar facilities in central Europe. The US intends to site 10 long-range interceptor missiles at one weapon silo - approximately the size of a football pitch - in Poland by 2011. They also intend to forward-deploy an X-Band radar station from the Marshall Islands in the Pacific to the Czech Republic in the same time period. The Russians have reacted angrily to this development with Russian Defence Minister …
Soybean Genomics: Developments Through The Use Of Cultivar “Forrest”, David A. Lightfoot
Soybean Genomics: Developments Through The Use Of Cultivar “Forrest”, David A. Lightfoot
Articles
Legume crops are particularly important due to their ability to support symbiotic nitrogen fixation, a key to sustainable crop production and reduced carbon emissions. Soybean (Glycine max) has a special position as a major source of increased protein and oil production in the common grass-legume rotation. The cultivar “Forrest” has saved US growers billions of dollars in crop losses due to resistances programmed into the genome. Moreover, since Forrest grows well in the north-south transition zone, breeders have used this cultivar as a bridge between the southern and northern US gene pools. Investment in Forrest genomics resulted in the development …
On The Nature Of The Action-Omission Network, Theodore Y. Blumoff
On The Nature Of The Action-Omission Network, Theodore Y. Blumoff
Articles
This work explores the foundations of a deeply felt intuition that pervades American jurisprudence: the act-omission distinction ("AvO"). I conclude that Hume's understanding of the origins of our conception of duties presaged an important insight from modem evolutionary theory: our tendency to engage in altruistic conduct begins, although it clearly does not end, with the physical reality of personal kinship in an unkind world, and it tends to extend out in a social network of ever-diminishing strength the farther we move from the nuclear family. The thesis begins with the observation that we privilege "acts" over "omissions" for purposes of …
Separate Loci Underlie Resistance To Root Infection And Leaf Scorch During Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome, Samreen Kazi, Jeffry Shultz, Jawad Afzal, J. Johnson, V. N. Njiti, David A. Lightfoot
Separate Loci Underlie Resistance To Root Infection And Leaf Scorch During Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome, Samreen Kazi, Jeffry Shultz, Jawad Afzal, J. Johnson, V. N. Njiti, David A. Lightfoot
Articles
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars show differences in their resistance to both the leaf scorch and root rot of sudden death syndrome (SDS). The syndrome is caused by root colonization by Fusarium virguliforme (ex. F. solani f. sp. glycines). Root susceptibility combined with reduced leaf scorch resistance has been associated with resistance to Heterodera glycines HG Type 1.3.6.7 (race 14) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). In contrast, the rhg1 locus underlying resistance to Hg Type 0 was found clustered with three loci for resistance to SDS leaf scorch and one for root infection. The aims of this study …
In Silico Comparison Of Transcript Abundances During Arabidopsis Thaliana And Glycine Max Resistance To Fusarium Virguliforme, Jiazheng Yuan, Mengxia Zhu, David A. Lightfoot, M Javed Iqbal, Jack Y. Yang, Khalid Meksem
In Silico Comparison Of Transcript Abundances During Arabidopsis Thaliana And Glycine Max Resistance To Fusarium Virguliforme, Jiazheng Yuan, Mengxia Zhu, David A. Lightfoot, M Javed Iqbal, Jack Y. Yang, Khalid Meksem
Articles
Background
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is an economically important disease, caused by the semi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, recently renamed Fusarium virguliforme (Fv). Due to the complexity and length of the soybean-Fusarium interaction, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance and susceptibility to the pathogen are not fully understood. F. virguliforme has a very wide host range for the ability to cause root rot and a very narrow host range for the ability to cause a leaf scorch. Arabidopsis thaliana is a host for many types of phytopathogens including bacteria, fungi, viruses and …
Effect Of Uva Fluence Rate On Indicators Of Oxidative Stress In Human Dermal Fibroblasts, James D. Hoerter, Christopher S. Ward, Kyle D. Bale, Admasu N. Gizachew, Rachelle Graham Rachelle Graham, Jaclyn Reynolds, Melanie E. Ward Melanie E. Ward, Chesca Choi, Jean-Leonard Kagabo, Michael Sauer, Tara Kuipers, Timothy Hotchkiss Timothy Hotchkiss, Nate Banner, Renee A. Chellson, Theresa Ohaeri, Langston Gant, Leah Vanderhill
Effect Of Uva Fluence Rate On Indicators Of Oxidative Stress In Human Dermal Fibroblasts, James D. Hoerter, Christopher S. Ward, Kyle D. Bale, Admasu N. Gizachew, Rachelle Graham Rachelle Graham, Jaclyn Reynolds, Melanie E. Ward Melanie E. Ward, Chesca Choi, Jean-Leonard Kagabo, Michael Sauer, Tara Kuipers, Timothy Hotchkiss Timothy Hotchkiss, Nate Banner, Renee A. Chellson, Theresa Ohaeri, Langston Gant, Leah Vanderhill
Articles
During the course of a day human skin is exposed to solar UV radiation that fluctuates in fluence rate within the UVA (290-315 nm) and UVB (315-400 nm) spectrum. Variables affecting the fluence rate reaching skin cells include differences in UVA and UVB penetrating ability, presence or absence of sunscreens, atmospheric conditions, and season and geographical location where the exposure occurs. Our study determined the effect of UVA fluence rate in solar-simulated (SSR) and tanning-bed radiation (TBR) on four indicators of oxidative stress---protein oxidation, glutathione, heme oxygenase-1, and reactive oxygen species--in human dermal fibroblasts after receiving equivalent UVA and UVB …
Evaluation Of In Vitro Virulence Characteristics Of The Genus Pandoraea In Lung Epithelial Cells, Emma M. Caraher, Jonathan Collins, Jonathan Collins,, Gillian Herbert, Philip G. Murphy Philip G. Murphy, Charles G. Gallagher, Mary J. Crowe, Máire Callaghan, Siobhan Mcclean
Evaluation Of In Vitro Virulence Characteristics Of The Genus Pandoraea In Lung Epithelial Cells, Emma M. Caraher, Jonathan Collins, Jonathan Collins,, Gillian Herbert, Philip G. Murphy Philip G. Murphy, Charles G. Gallagher, Mary J. Crowe, Máire Callaghan, Siobhan Mcclean
Articles
Pandoraea species are emerging opportunistic pathogens capable of causing chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. This study examined the interactions of 17 Pandoraea isolates from the five identified species (Pandoraea apista, Pandoraea norimbergensis, Pandoraea pulmonicula, Pandoraea sputorum and Pandoraea pnomenusa) plus two Pandoraea genomospecies isolates with lung epithelial cells and their ability to form biofilms in vitro. Only three isolates showed an ability to invade A549 lung epithelial cells, and only one isolate was able to form biofilms. In contrast, all isolates triggered a pronounced pro-inflammatory response, with elevation of both interleukin (IL)-6 (two- to 19-fold) and IL-8 (10- …
Technology-Aided Participative Methods In Environmental Assessment: An International Perspective, Ainhoa Gonzalez, Alan Gilmer, Ronan Foley, John Sweeney, John Fry
Technology-Aided Participative Methods In Environmental Assessment: An International Perspective, Ainhoa Gonzalez, Alan Gilmer, Ronan Foley, John Sweeney, John Fry
Articles
Provisions for citizen involvement in the assessment of potential environmental effects of certain plans, programmes and projects are present in current legislation. An international survey revealed that public participation is common practice in European and some other countries worldwide. However, a number of issues are observed to affect public involvement in EIA/SEA processes and expert opinion differs when evaluating the effectiveness of existing participative methods. Results suggest that technology-aided methods can improve traditional participation processes. In particular, GIS has the potential to increase community knowledge and enhance involvement by communicating information more effectively. Variable accessibility to technology and data quality …
Happiness And Revealed Preferences In Evolutionary Perspective, Richard A. Epstein
Happiness And Revealed Preferences In Evolutionary Perspective, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
Child Sexual Abuse And Hiv Transmission In Sub-Saharan Africa, Kevin Lalor
Child Sexual Abuse And Hiv Transmission In Sub-Saharan Africa, Kevin Lalor
Articles
The purpose of this paper is to examine the risks of HIV transmission to children through sexual abuse and exploitation in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper is based on a review of pertinent literature. Child sexual abuse in this region must be defined broadly enough to encompass widespread coercion or violence in early sexual relations in some regions, the practice of ‘transactional sex’ and constructions of masculinity, emphasising multiple sexual partners and power over women and girls. The high HIV prevalence in SSA is briefly described. Research evidence showing the link between child sexual abuse and HIV transmission is reviewed, although …
Proving Causation: The Holism Of Warrant And The Atomism Of Daubert, Susan Haack
Proving Causation: The Holism Of Warrant And The Atomism Of Daubert, Susan Haack
Articles
No abstract provided.
"Latinas/Os" And The Politics Of Knowledge Production: Latcrit Scholarship And Academic Activism As Social Justice Action, Margaret E. Montoya, Francisco Valdes
"Latinas/Os" And The Politics Of Knowledge Production: Latcrit Scholarship And Academic Activism As Social Justice Action, Margaret E. Montoya, Francisco Valdes
Articles
No abstract provided.
Combating The Color-Coded Confinement Of Kids: An Equal Protection Remedy, Perry L. Moriearty
Combating The Color-Coded Confinement Of Kids: An Equal Protection Remedy, Perry L. Moriearty
Articles
This Article considers the viability of a constitutional challenge to the disproportionate confinement of juveniles of color – a phenomenon known as “disproportionate minority contact” or “DMC.” Specifically, I ask whether, in the wake of McCleskey v. Kemp and its progeny, it is possible bring an Equal Protection claim based on statistical evidence that juveniles of color are significantly more likely to be detained by juvenile court judges than similarly-situated white youth. I argue that the nature of the juvenile detention decision places it squarely within the contours of the types of administrative decisions for which the Supreme Court has …
Negative Dimensions Of Identity: A Research Agenda For Law And Public Policy, Avner Ben-Ner, Claire Hill
Negative Dimensions Of Identity: A Research Agenda For Law And Public Policy, Avner Ben-Ner, Claire Hill
Articles
Legal scholarship has long concerned itself with race, gender, and other core identities. Economics, and law and economics, is now turning its attention to other dimensions of identity. What is identity? Identity is "a person's sense of self."' Identity has genetic, cultural and neural bases grounded in an evolutionary process.' Identity helps individuals make sense of themselves and provides a feeling of grounding or belonging. There are many potential identity dimensions, including gender, facial features, and height, as well as religion, ethnicity, social-group affiliation, sports-team loyalty, family, profession, artistic preferences, culinary preferences, and place of origin. The significance of different …
Wipo-Wto Relations And The Future Of Global Intellectual Property Norms, Ruth Okediji
Wipo-Wto Relations And The Future Of Global Intellectual Property Norms, Ruth Okediji
Articles
The intense scholarly debate about the effects of harmonized global intellectual property (IP) rules under the TRIPS Agreement has yet to consider what role an appropriate organizational framework should play in facilitating development of IP norms to address new global challenges. The prevailing assumption has been that the norm-setting role of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) will remain unchanged despite the primacy of the TRIPS Agreement and the explicit mandate of the WTO for global IP regulation. Indeed, with respect to the supply of public goods, only the WTO - not WIPO - has the formal legal mandate to …
The Rationality Of Preference Construction (And The Irrationality Of Rational Choice), Claire Hill
The Rationality Of Preference Construction (And The Irrationality Of Rational Choice), Claire Hill
Articles
Economists typically assume that preferences are fixed - that people know what they like and how much they like it relative to all other things, and that this rank-ordering is stable over time. But this assumption has never been accepted by any other discipline. Economists are increasingly having difficulty arguing that the assumption is true enough to generate useful predictions and explanations. Indeed, law and economics scholars increasingly acknowledge that preferences are constructed, and that the law itself can help construct preferences. Still, fixed preferences are often treated as a normative ideal: Even if people don't have fixed preferences, they …
What's Wrong With Litigation-Driven Science? An Essay In Legal Epistemology, Susan Haack
What's Wrong With Litigation-Driven Science? An Essay In Legal Epistemology, Susan Haack
Articles
No abstract provided.