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Oxysterols And Parkinson´S Disease. Evidence That Levels Of 24s-Hydroxycholesterol In Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlates With The Duration Of The Disease., Steve Meaney, Anita Lovgren-Sandblom, Lovisa Brodin, Lisette Salveson, Valerio Leoni, Kristian Winge, Sven Palhagen, Per Svenninson
Oxysterols And Parkinson´S Disease. Evidence That Levels Of 24s-Hydroxycholesterol In Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlates With The Duration Of The Disease., Steve Meaney, Anita Lovgren-Sandblom, Lovisa Brodin, Lisette Salveson, Valerio Leoni, Kristian Winge, Sven Palhagen, Per Svenninson
Articles
Oxysterols are important for cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and may be affected in neurodegenerative diseases. The levels of the brain-derived oxysterol 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OH) have been reported to be markedly reduced in the circulation of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (Lee et al., Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11 (2009) 407–420). The finding is surprising in view of the fact that other neurodegenerative diseases are associated with relatively modest effects on the circulating levels of 24S-OH. We determined the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 24S-OH and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH) in patients with PD with different disease duration using a highly accurate …
Article Navigation Wild-Type Measles Virus Infection Upregulates Poliovirus Receptor-Related 4 And Causes Apoptosis In Brain Endothelial Cells By Induction Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Lnducing Ligand, Haniah Abdullah, Brenda B. Brankin, Clare Brady, Sara Louise Cosby
Article Navigation Wild-Type Measles Virus Infection Upregulates Poliovirus Receptor-Related 4 And Causes Apoptosis In Brain Endothelial Cells By Induction Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Lnducing Ligand, Haniah Abdullah, Brenda B. Brankin, Clare Brady, Sara Louise Cosby
Articles
Small numbers of brain endothelial cells (BECs) are infected in children with neurologic complications of measles virus (MV) infection. This may provide a mechanism for virus entry into the central nervous system, but the mechanisms are unclear. Both in vitro culture systems and animal models are required to elucidate events in the endothelium. We compared the ability of wild-type (WT), vaccine, and rodent-adapted MV strains to infect, replicate, and induce apoptosis in human and murine brain endothelial cells (HBECs and MBECs, respectively). Mice also were infected intracerebrally. All MV stains productively infected HBECs and induced the MV receptor PVRL4. Efficient …
The Difference A Justice May Make: Remarks At The Symposium For Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Suzanne Baer
The Difference A Justice May Make: Remarks At The Symposium For Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Suzanne Baer
Articles
First, I will briefly summarize the state of the art of equality law in Germany today. A distinct dimension of this story from a European Union member state is that we are not just theorizing postnational constitutionalism these days, but that we live it already, since law is not anymore isolated as national but needs to be seen in the context of transnational migration and multinational regimes. Second, I turn to a key feature and key challenge in and to equality law today. It is what I have called the triangle of fundamental rights, referring to the three most prominent …
Prometheus Rebound: Diagnostics, Nature, And Mathematical Algorithms, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Prometheus Rebound: Diagnostics, Nature, And Mathematical Algorithms, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
The Supreme Court’s decision last Term in Mayo v. Prometheus left considerable uncertainty as to the boundaries of patentable subject matter for molecular diagnostic inventions. First, the Court took an expansive approach to what counts as an unpatentable natural law by applying that term to the relationship set forth in the challenged patent between a patient’s levels of a drug metabolite and the indication of a need to adjust the patient’s drug dosage. And second, in evaluating whether the patent claims add enough to this unpatentable natural law to be patent eligible, the Court did not consult precedents concerning the …
The Effect Of Non-Thermal Processing Technologies On Microbial Inactivation: An Investigation Into Sub-Lethal Injury Of Escherichia Coli And Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Rachel Halpin, L. Duffy, O. Cregenzán-Alberti,, J.G Lyng, F. Noci
The Effect Of Non-Thermal Processing Technologies On Microbial Inactivation: An Investigation Into Sub-Lethal Injury Of Escherichia Coli And Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Rachel Halpin, L. Duffy, O. Cregenzán-Alberti,, J.G Lyng, F. Noci
Articles
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in food processing technologies that could lessen the thermal impact on food products. In the present study, thermosonication (TS) and pulsed electric fields (PEF), applied individually or in combination (TS/PEF), were investigated to determine their effects on inactivation and sub-lethal injury of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli. TS was applied at a low (L) and high (H) wave amplitude (18.6 μm and 27.9 μm, respectively), while PEF was applied at a low and high electrical field strength (29 kV cm−1 and 32 kV cm−1, respectively). In addition, …
Atmospheric Cold Plasma Inactivation Of Escherichia Coli In Liquid Media Inside A Sealed Package, Dana Ziuzina, Sonal Patil, Paula Bourke, Kevin Keener, Patrick J. Cullen
Atmospheric Cold Plasma Inactivation Of Escherichia Coli In Liquid Media Inside A Sealed Package, Dana Ziuzina, Sonal Patil, Paula Bourke, Kevin Keener, Patrick J. Cullen
Articles
Abstract Aims: The main objective of this study was to determine the inactivation efficacy of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (DBD-ACP) generated inside a sealed package for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Methods and Results: A plasma discharge was generated between two circular aluminium electrodes at 40 kV. E. coli suspensions (10^7 CFU/ml) in either maximum recovery diluent (MRD) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were treated in a 96-well microtitre plate inside a sealed package. The effects of treatment time, post-treatment storage time, either direct or indirect samples exposure to the plasma discharge and suspension media were studied. Regardless of …
Rf Breast Cancer Detection Employing A Non-Characterized Vivaldi Antenna And A Music-Inspired Algorithm, Giuseppe Ruvio, Raffaele Solimene, Antonietta D'Alterio, Max Ammann, Rocco Pierri
Rf Breast Cancer Detection Employing A Non-Characterized Vivaldi Antenna And A Music-Inspired Algorithm, Giuseppe Ruvio, Raffaele Solimene, Antonietta D'Alterio, Max Ammann, Rocco Pierri
Articles
A novel microwave breast cancer detection system consisting of an Evolutionary Global Optimized Vivaldi antenna and an algorithm inspired by MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) is presented. Its performance is assessed by using a simplified numerical breast phantom for a number of critical conditions including the presence of fibroglandular tissues.
Mathematical Modelling At Secondary School: The Macsi-Clongowes Wood College Experience, J.P.F. Charpin, S. O'Hara, Dana Mackey
Mathematical Modelling At Secondary School: The Macsi-Clongowes Wood College Experience, J.P.F. Charpin, S. O'Hara, Dana Mackey
Articles
In Ireland, to encourage the study of STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects and particularly mathematics, the Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) and Clongowes Wood College (County Kildare, Ireland) organized a mathematical modelling workshop for senior cycle secondary school students. Participants developed simple mathematical models for everyday life problems with an open-ended answer. The format and content of the workshop are described and feedback from both students and participating teachers is provided. For nearly all participants, this workshop was an enjoyable experience which showed mathematics and other STEM components in a very positive way.
Ultrasound For Improved Crystallisation In Food Processing, N. Misra, Navneet Deora, Brijesh Tiwari, Patrick J. Cullen
Ultrasound For Improved Crystallisation In Food Processing, N. Misra, Navneet Deora, Brijesh Tiwari, Patrick J. Cullen
Articles
Within the food industry, controlling crystallisation is a key factor governing food structure, texture and consumer appeal, with some foods requiring the promotion of crystallisation in a controlled manner (e.g. chocolate) and others a check (e.g. in honey). Sonocrystallisation is the application of ultrasound energy to control the nucleation of a crystallisation process. The use of power ultrasound provides a non-invasive approach to producing crystals with desired properties. Sonocrystallisation facilitates process control, primarily by modulating crystal size distribution and morphology. This paper details the governing mechanisms of sonocrystallisation. Proven and potential applications of the process in foods, including chocolates, honey, …
Valorisation Of Apple Peels, Laura Massini, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Valorisation Of Apple Peels, Laura Massini, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Articles
The peels of processed apples can be recovered for further food applications. Limited information on the valorisation of this type of waste is available for cooking varieties, e.g. cv Bramley’s Seedling. Extracts from fresh or dried (oven-dried or freeze-dried) peels were obtained with solvents of different polarity (aqueous acetone or ethanol) and assayed for their total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity; their antiradical power was compared to herb extracts. The dried peels were also characterised as bulk powders by assessing their nutritional value and total phenolic content. High amounts of ascorbic acid (up to 4 mg/g, dry weight) and polyphenols …
Making Connections: Networked Mindmaps As A Student Centred Assessment For Learning., Barry Ryan
Making Connections: Networked Mindmaps As A Student Centred Assessment For Learning., Barry Ryan
Articles
Engaging students is a difficult task faced by all academics. Student engagement can be achieved by giving ownership of their learning back to the student and by carefully aligning the assessment methodology to the students learning and future employability. To promote learning ownership in this case-study, a group of final year students were involved in the design of the delivery (‘flipped classroom’) and assessment strategy (‘flipped assessment’) of the curriculum. Upon reflection, students noted a deep understanding of their self-selected topic by taking ownership of their learning and their ‘assessment for learning’ within the bounded learning environment. Additionally, students enhanced …
An Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatoghraphy-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Uplc-Ms/Ms) Method For The Rapid And Sensitive Determination Of Sulforaphane And Sulforaphane Nitrile In Brassica Vegetables, Laura Alvarez Jubete, Thomas J. Smyth, Juan Valverde, Dilip K. Rai, Catherine Barry-Ryan
An Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatoghraphy-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Uplc-Ms/Ms) Method For The Rapid And Sensitive Determination Of Sulforaphane And Sulforaphane Nitrile In Brassica Vegetables, Laura Alvarez Jubete, Thomas J. Smyth, Juan Valverde, Dilip K. Rai, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Articles
A rapid UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile from Brassica Oleracea L. This method was developed utilising an Acquity BEH C8 column with gradient elution combined with tandem mass spectrometry detection, using positive ion electrospray ionisation in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and recovery. The retention times for sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile were 0.4 and 0.6 min, respectively. The limits of detection and lower limits of quantification were 0.005 μM and 0.01 μM respectively for sulforaphane, and 0.06 μM …
Combined Treatment With Mild Heat, Manothermosonication And Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Microbial Growth In Milk., Rachel Halpin, O. Cregenzán-Alberti, P. Whyte, J.G Lyng, F. Noci
Combined Treatment With Mild Heat, Manothermosonication And Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Microbial Growth In Milk., Rachel Halpin, O. Cregenzán-Alberti, P. Whyte, J.G Lyng, F. Noci
Articles
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in non-thermal milk processing. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of two non-thermal technologies (manothermosonication; MTS, and pulsed electric fields; PEF) in comparison to thermal pasteurisation, by assessing the microbial levels of each of these milk samples post-processing. Homogenised milk was subjected to MTS (frequency; 20 kHz, amplitude; 27.9 μm, pressure; 225 kPa) at two temperatures (37 °C or 55 °C), before being immediately treated with PEF (electric field strength; 32 kV/cm, pulse width; 10 μs, frequency; 320 Hz). Thermal pasteurisation (72 °C, 20 s) was included …
Effect Of Alveolar Bone Support On Zygomatic Implants – An Fea Study, Michael Ring, Michael Freedman, Leo F.A Stassen
Effect Of Alveolar Bone Support On Zygomatic Implants – An Fea Study, Michael Ring, Michael Freedman, Leo F.A Stassen
Articles
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of maxillary alveolar bone on the stress distribution of zygomatic implants. A three-dimensional finite element model was created of half of a skull. Two zygomatic implants were modelled, placed in the skull supported by the zygomatic bone and the maxillary alveolar bone and connected by a fixed bridge. This model was duplicated, and the area of the maxillary alveolar bone supporting the implants was removed. Occlusal and lateral forces were applied to both models and the maximum von Mises stresses were recorded. Higher maximum stresses were noted in the model …
The Bio-Nano-Interface In Predicting Nanoparticle Fate And Behaviour In Living Organisms: Towards Grouping And Categorising Nanomaterials And Ensuring Nanosafety By Design, Hugh Byrne, Arti Ahluwalia, Diana Boraschi,, Bengt Fadeel, Peter Gehr, Arno C. Gutleb, Michaela Kendall, Manthos Papadopoulos, Iseult Lynch
The Bio-Nano-Interface In Predicting Nanoparticle Fate And Behaviour In Living Organisms: Towards Grouping And Categorising Nanomaterials And Ensuring Nanosafety By Design, Hugh Byrne, Arti Ahluwalia, Diana Boraschi,, Bengt Fadeel, Peter Gehr, Arno C. Gutleb, Michaela Kendall, Manthos Papadopoulos, Iseult Lynch
Articles
In biological media, nanoparticles acquire a coating of biomolecules (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides) from their surroundings, which reduces their surface energy and confers a biological identity to the particles. This adsorbed layer is the interface between the nanomaterial and living systems and therefore plays a significant role in determining the fate and behaviour of the nanoparticles. This review summarises the state of the art in terms of understanding the bio-nano interface and provides direction for potential future research directions and some recommendations for future priorities and strategies to support the safe implementation of nanotechnologies. The central premise is that nanomaterials must …
Generation Of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species And Genotoxicity Effect To Exposure Of Nanosized Polyamidoamine (Pamam) Dendrimers In Plhc-1 Cells In Vitro, Hugh Byrne, Pratap Naha
Generation Of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species And Genotoxicity Effect To Exposure Of Nanosized Polyamidoamine (Pamam) Dendrimers In Plhc-1 Cells In Vitro, Hugh Byrne, Pratap Naha
Articles
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers elicit systematically variable cyto- and eco-toxic responses, promising the basis for structure activity relationships governing nanotoxicological responses. Increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), genotoxicity and apoptosis due to in-vitro exposure of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to dendrimer generations G-4, G-5 and G-6 is demonstrated. A generation dependent increase in ROS and genotoxicity was observed, consistent with our previous studies. The responses correlate well with the number of surface amino groups per generation. Although ROS production initially increases approximately linearly, it saturates at higher doses. Notably, normalised to molar dose of surface amino groups, the dose-dependent ROS …
Reducing In-Stent Restenosis Through Novel Stent Flow Field Augmentation, Eoin Murphy, Fergal Boyle
Reducing In-Stent Restenosis Through Novel Stent Flow Field Augmentation, Eoin Murphy, Fergal Boyle
Articles
In-stent restenosis (ISR), manifested as a re-narrowing of the arterial lumen post-implantation of a stent, is a detrimental limitation of stent technology. Understanding and consequently devising ways of reducing the frequency of ISR has been a continuing goal of research into improved stent designs. The biological processes that can lead to ISR have been found to be partially flow dependent with the local hemodynamics at the arterial wall of crucial importance. This paper investigates these biological processes and their instigating factors. Furthermore, the history and theory behind three stent technologies which endeavour to reduce ISR rates through stent flow field …
Immunoproteomics: The Key To Discovery Of New Vaccine Antigens Against Bacterial Respiratory Infections, Ruth Dennehy, Siobhan Mcclean
Immunoproteomics: The Key To Discovery Of New Vaccine Antigens Against Bacterial Respiratory Infections, Ruth Dennehy, Siobhan Mcclean
Articles
The increase in antibiotic resistance and the shortage of new antimicrobials to prevent difficult bacterial infections underlines the importance of prophylactic therapies to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. Vaccination has reduced the incidence of many serious diseases, including respiratory bacterial infections. However, there are many pathogens for which no vaccine is available and some vaccines are not effective among all age groups or among immunocompromised individuals. Immunoproteomics is a powerful technique which has been used to identify potential vaccine candidates to protect against pathogenic bacteria. The combination of proteomics with the detection of immunoreactive antigens using serum highlights immunogenic proteins …
Grm7 Variants Associated With Age-Related Hearing Loss Based On Auditory Perception, Dina L. Newman, Laurel M. Fisher, Jeffrey Ohmen, Robert Parody, Chin-To Fong, Susan T. Frisina, Frances Mapes, David A. Eddins, Robert D. Frisina, Rick A. Friedman
Grm7 Variants Associated With Age-Related Hearing Loss Based On Auditory Perception, Dina L. Newman, Laurel M. Fisher, Jeffrey Ohmen, Robert Parody, Chin-To Fong, Susan T. Frisina, Frances Mapes, David A. Eddins, Robert D. Frisina, Rick A. Friedman
Articles
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), or presbycusis, is a common condition of the elderly that results in significant communication difficulties in daily life. Clinically, it has been defined as a progressive loss of sensitivity to sound, starting at the high frequencies, inability to understand speech, lengthening of the minimum discernable temporal gap in sounds, and a decrease in the ability to filter out background noise. The causes of presbycusis are likely a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Previous research into the genetics of presbycusis has focused solely on hearing as measured by pure-tone thresholds. A few loci have been identified, …
Exchanging Information Without Intellectual Property, Michael J. Burstein
Exchanging Information Without Intellectual Property, Michael J. Burstein
Articles
Contracting over information is notoriously difficult. Nearly fifty years ago, Kenneth Arrow articulated a “fundamental paradox” that arises when two parties try to exchange information. To complete such a transaction, the buyer of information must be able to place a value on the information. But once the seller discloses the information, the buyer can take it without paying. The conventional solution to this disclosure paradox is intellectual property. If the information is protected by a patent or a copyright then the seller can disclose the information free in the knowledge that the buyer can be enjoined against making, using, or …
Web-Based Interactive Video Vignettes Create A Personalized Active Learning Classroom For Introducing Big Ideas In Introductory Biology, Leslie Kate Wright, Dina L. Newman, Jean A. Cardinale, Robert Teese
Web-Based Interactive Video Vignettes Create A Personalized Active Learning Classroom For Introducing Big Ideas In Introductory Biology, Leslie Kate Wright, Dina L. Newman, Jean A. Cardinale, Robert Teese
Articles
The typical “flipped classroom” delivers lecture material in video format to students outside of class in order to make space for active learning in class. But why give students passive material at all? We are developing a set of high-quality online educational materials that promote active, hands-on science learning to aid in teaching of core concepts for introductory biology at the college level. Interactive video vignettes (IVVs) incorporate evidence based teaching strategies to address known areas of confusion for entering students. Each IVV includes a live action scenario with undergraduates investigating a biological problem with a realistic experiment that users …
Role Of Polymeric Excipients On Controlled Release Profile Of Glipizide From Plga And Eudragit Rs 100 Nanoparticles, Pratap Naha, Hugh Byrne, Amulya Panda
Role Of Polymeric Excipients On Controlled Release Profile Of Glipizide From Plga And Eudragit Rs 100 Nanoparticles, Pratap Naha, Hugh Byrne, Amulya Panda
Articles
Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) 50:50 and Eudragit RS 100 nanoparticles entrapping glipizide along with excipients were prepared using single emulsion solvent evaporation method. The objective was to develop single oral dose glipizide nano particles for reducing blood sugar level in diabetes induced experimental animals. Incorporation of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5%), Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (0.5%) and Tween 20 (0.5%) in the organic phase during particle formulation improved release profile of glipizide from the polymer particles. Entrapment efficiency of glipizide in all the polymeric formulations was around ~70 %. Around 80 % of glipizide was released from both PLGA and Eudragit …
Effects Of Salinity On The Toxicity Of Ionic Silver And Ag-Pvp Nanoparticles To Tisbe Battagliai And Ceramium Tenuicorne, Ailbhe Macken, Hugh Byrne, Kevin Thomas
Effects Of Salinity On The Toxicity Of Ionic Silver And Ag-Pvp Nanoparticles To Tisbe Battagliai And Ceramium Tenuicorne, Ailbhe Macken, Hugh Byrne, Kevin Thomas
Articles
The toxic effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPPVP) and ionic Ag, to Tisbe battagliai (Tb) and Ceramium tenuicorne (Ct) were investigated and the usefulness of standardised marine guidelines for ENP risk assessment were assessed. The toxicity of Ag-NPPVP [CtEC50 = 26.6 µg/L, TbEC50 = 7.9 µg/L] and Ag+ [CtEC50 = 2312.2µg/L, Tb EC50 = 90.9 µg/L] to both test species differed, with the silver ENPs being more toxic. In contrast to Ag+ the toxicity of Ag-NPPVP increased significantly with increasing salinity, however, after thorough characterisation it was not …
Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Dna Damage In Human Lung Alveolar Epithelial (A549) Cells From Exposure To Non-Cytotoxic Mfi-Type Zeolite Nanoparticles, Kunal Bhattacharya, Pratap Naha, Izabela Naydenova, Svetlana Mintova, Hugh Byrne
Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Dna Damage In Human Lung Alveolar Epithelial (A549) Cells From Exposure To Non-Cytotoxic Mfi-Type Zeolite Nanoparticles, Kunal Bhattacharya, Pratap Naha, Izabela Naydenova, Svetlana Mintova, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles in the field of electronics and biomedical applications demands an assessment of risk associated with deliberate or accidental exposure. Metal based nanoparticles are potentially most important of all the nanoparticles in terms of health risks. Microporousalumino-silicates and pure silicates named as zeolites and zeo-type materials with variety of structures, chemical compositions, particle sizes and morphologies have a significant number of industrial uses such as in catalysis, sorption and ion-exchange processes. In particular, the nanosized particles due to their unique properties are used in hybrid organic-inorganic materials for photography, photonics, electronics, labeling, imaging, and sensing. The …
Quality And Nutritional Status Of Fresh-Cut Tomato As Affected By Spraying Of Delactosed Whey Permeate Compared To Industrial Washing Treatment., Lubna Ahmed, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Quality And Nutritional Status Of Fresh-Cut Tomato As Affected By Spraying Of Delactosed Whey Permeate Compared To Industrial Washing Treatment., Lubna Ahmed, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Articles
The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of delactosed whey permeate 28 (DWP) treatment on preserving the quality and antioxidant attributes of fresh-cut 29 tomato. Tomatoes were treated with 3 % DWP by dipping, spraying and a 30 combination of both, stored at 4 °C for 10 days and compared with the industrial 31 standard, chlorine. The combination of dipping and spraying of DWP showed the best 32 results for all the markers tested. The combined treatment of dipping and spraying of 33 DWP significantly lowered total counts (~ 1.0 log cfu/g), yeast and moulds (~ 1.2 …
Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, And The Siren's Call Of Property, Justin Hughes
Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Expression, And The Siren's Call Of Property, Justin Hughes
Articles
Discussions on international legal norms for the protection of TK/TCE have, in their contemporary form, been ongoing since the late 1990s. In that time, our understanding of key issues for a workable system—subject matter, beneficiaries, rights, or protections—have advanced little, if at all. Indeed, as Michael Brown has observed, “vexing questions of origins and boundaries . . . are commonly swept under the rug in public discussions.” Yet even if all those questions were settled, we also need a clear justification or justifications for a new form of intellectual property on the world stage.
A Rough Look At The Shifting Effects On Learning Through Student Work Placement, Frank Cullen
A Rough Look At The Shifting Effects On Learning Through Student Work Placement, Frank Cullen
Articles
The use of internship as a means of informal education is relatively commonplace. This is evident by the vast amount of literature dedicated to workplace learning, however very little research to date has explored the impact of international culinary internships on students. This paper addresses the void in research by exploring the nuances associated with culinary internships and in particular investigates the 2006 and 2007 student cohorts studying in the Technological University Dublin for the degree award of BA in Culinary Arts. The paper examines the internship preparation and experiences examining the impact of internship on the student’s attitudes towards …
Spectral Cross Correlation As A Supervised Approach For The Analysis Of Complex Raman Datasets: The Case Of Nanoparticles In Biological Cells, Mark Keating, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne
Spectral Cross Correlation As A Supervised Approach For The Analysis Of Complex Raman Datasets: The Case Of Nanoparticles In Biological Cells, Mark Keating, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Spectral Cross-correlation is introduced as a methodology to identify the presence and subcellular distribution of nanoparticles in cells. Raman microscopy is employed to spectroscopically image biological cells previously exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles, as a model for the study of nano-bio interactions. The limitations of previously deployed strategies of K-means clustering analysis and principal component analysis are discussed and a novel methodology of Spectral Cross Correlation Analysis is introduced and compared with the performance of Classical Least Squares Analysis, in both unsupervised and supervised modes. The previous study demonstrated the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy to map cells and identify polystyrene …
Influence Of Aboveground Vegetation On Seed Bank Composition And Distribution In A Great Basin Desert Sagebrush Community, Kristen M. Pekas, Eugene W. Schupp
Influence Of Aboveground Vegetation On Seed Bank Composition And Distribution In A Great Basin Desert Sagebrush Community, Kristen M. Pekas, Eugene W. Schupp
Articles
The quantity, composition, and spatial dispersion of seed banks can greatly affect community dynamics. While seed banks of hot deserts have been studied extensively, little is known about seed banks in cold deserts, in particular the relationship between the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation. We investigated the relationship between the seed bank and aboveground vegetation and the effect of microhabitat (shrub interspace or beneath shrub) and aboveground community phase (high or low perennial bunchgrass cover) on the seed bank of a Great Basin Desert sagebrush community. The seed bank and aboveground vegetation differed in their most dominant species, resulting …
Eight Stranded -Barrel And Related Outer Membrane Proteins: Role In Bacterial Pathogenesis., Siobhan Mcclean
Eight Stranded -Barrel And Related Outer Membrane Proteins: Role In Bacterial Pathogenesis., Siobhan Mcclean
Articles
Gram negative bacteria have evolved many mechanisms of attaching to and invading host epithelial and immune cells. In particular, many outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are involved in this initial interaction between the pathogen and their host. This review focuses on a number of small pore-forming OMPs that are all composed of eight-stranded b- barrel proteins and include members of the OmpA, OmpW and OmpX families of proteins. These proteins, together with the related OmpA-like peptidoglycan associated lipoproteins, are involved in interactions with host cells and are mediators of virulence. In many cases, these proteins interact with host immune cells and …