Digital Commons Network^™

Kinetics Of Tomato Peroxidase Inactivation By Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Based On Dielectric Barrier Discharge, Patrick J. Cullen, Shashi Pankaj, N. Misra

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Atmospheric pressure cold plasma technology is an emerging nonthermal food technology for microbiological decontamination of food and bio-materials. This study demonstrates the applicability of in-package cold plasma technology as a novel means to inactivation of enzymes. The kinetics of inactivation of tomato peroxidase as a model enzyme was studied at 30, 40 and 50kV, for up to 5’ of atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatments. The enzyme activity was found to decrease with both treatment time and voltage, the former variable exhibiting a more pronounced effect. Kinetic models viz. first-order, Weibull and logistic models were fitted to the experimentally …

Rethinking The Digital Media Library For Rit's The Wallace Center, April Younglove

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In 2012, the Digital Preservation Team at Rochester Institute of Technology's The Wallace Center undertook an assessment of its Institutional Repository, the Digital Media Library. The Digital Preservation Team looked at the repository's current performance and requirements for ensuring its future success, and then examined four different philosophical approaches to configuring an IR that are in use by research institutions today: All-in-one, Archival, Researcher-centric and Subject. The team also compared open source vs. in-house repository providers and services including DSpace, Digital Commons, IR+, and Discovery Garden. A decision was made to move from the open source software DSpace to the …

Dual Orientation Of The Outer Membrane Lipoprotein P6 Of Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae, Lea V. Michel, Joy Snyder, Rachel Schmidt, Jennnifer Milillo, Kyle Grimaldi, Breanna Kalmeta, M. Nadeem Khan, Sharad Sharma, Leslie Kate Wright, Michael E. Pichichero

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The majority of outer membrane (OM) lipoproteins in Gram-negative bacteria are tethered to the membrane via an attached lipid moiety and oriented facing in toward the periplasmic space; a few lipoproteins have been shown to be surface exposed. The outer membrane lipoprotein P6 from the Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is surface exposed and a leading vaccine candidate for prevention of NTHi infections. However, we recently found that P6 is not a transmembrane protein as previously thought (L. V. Michel, B. Kalmeta, M. McCreary, J. Snyder, P. Craig, M. E. Pichichero, Vaccine 29:1624–1627, 2011). Here we pursued studies …

Happiness Institutions, Jennifer Nou

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No abstract provided.

From Citizen Suits To Conservation Easements: The Increasing Private Role In Public Permit Enforcement, Jessica Owley

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The past 40 years have seen an increase in the involvement of private actors in environmental law. One of the best-known (and arguably best-loved) methods for public involvement is the citizen suit. This popular method of public enforcement of environmental permits (among other things) has been joined by the use of conservation easements. Conservation easements are increasingly used to meet permit mitigation requirements. When private nonprofits hold these exacted conservation easements, they assume the role of permit enforcers. It is their job to ensure that conservation easement terms are complied with, giving them oversight and control over one of the …

Incorporation Of Himanthalia Elongata Seaweed To Enhance The Phytochemical Content Of Breadsticks Using Response Surface Methodology (Rsm), Sabrina Cox, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

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Optimization of incorporating seaweed into breadsticks was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). Ten formulations of breadsticks were processed by varying concentrations of seaweed (X₁ = 5 to 15% of overall flour concentration) and white flour (X₂ = 10 to 30% of overall flour concentration) using a central composite design. The remaining flour concentrations were comprised of wholemeal flour. Predicted models were found to be significant (P < 0.05) for total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, texture and color. Predicted values for each of the responses were in good agreement with the experimental values. Seaweed concentration had most significant effect on phytochemical constituents of the breadsticks with TPC and DPPH activity maximized when 17.07% H. elongata was incorporated into the flour (P < 0.05). An acceptable edible texture and color of breadsticks was also achieved at this concentration. Multiple response optimization demonstrated that phytochemical content of H. elongata breadsticks may be maximized with dried seaweed and white flour concentrations of 17.07 and 21.89%, respectively, in the …

Enhancement Of The Phytochemical And Fibre Content Of Beef-Patties With Himanthalia Elongata Seaweed, Sabrina Cox, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

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The effect of adding Himanthalia elongata seaweed (10 - 40% w/w) as a source of antioxidants and dietary fibre on physical, chemical, microbial and sensory traits of cooked beef patties was studied throughout chilled storage. Patties with seaweed showed reduced cooking losses and were nearly 50% more tender as compared to patties without seaweed. Microbiological counts and lipid oxidation were significantly lower in patties containing seaweed (P < 0.05), by day 30 of storage there was no bacterial growth in samples with ≥ 20% seaweed and lipid oxidation levels were low (0.61 mg malondialdehyde/kg of sample). Seaweed incorporation significantly increased the dietary fibre (1.64 g per 100 g fw in 40% seaweed-patties), total phenolic content (up to 28.11 mg GAE/100 g fw) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (up to 52.32%) of patties compared to the control. Sensory analysis indicated that the seaweed-patties were accepted by consumers in terms of aroma, appearance, texture and taste. Patties containing 40% seaweed were rated highest in terms of overall acceptability, most likely due to improvement in texture and mouthfeel. Addition of seaweed in the formulation of beef patties leads to the enhancement of the nutritional and technological quality together with an acceptable sensory quality.

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Human Skin Tissue Sections Ex-Vivo: Evaluation Of The Effects Of Tissue Processing And Dewaxing, Syed Mehmood Ali, Franck Bonnier, Ali Tfayli, Helen Lambkin, Kathleen Flynn, Vincent Mcdonagh, Claragh Healy, Thomas Lee, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne

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Raman spectroscopy coupled with K-means clustering analysis (KMCA) is employed to elucidate the biochemical structure of human skin tissue sections, and the effects of tissue processing. Both hand and thigh sections of human cadavers were analysed in their unprocessed and formalin fixed paraffin processed (FFPP) and subsequently dewaxed forms. In unprocessed sections, KMCA reveals clear differentiation of the stratum corneum, intermediate underlying epithelium and dermal layers for sections from both anatomical sites. The stratum corneum is seen to be relatively rich in lipidic content; the spectrum of the subjacent layers is strongly influenced by the presence of melanin, while that …

Isolation And Partial Characterization Of Bioactive Fucoxanthin From Himanthalia Elongata Brown Seaweed: A Tlc-Based Approach, Gaurav Rajauria, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

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Seaweeds are important sources of carotenoids, and numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of these pigments on human health. In the present study, Himanthalia elongata brown seaweed was extracted with a mixture of low polarity solvents, and the crude extract was separated using analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC).The separated compounds were tested for their potential antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes bacteria using TLC bioautography approach. For bio-autography, the coloured band on TLC chromatogram was visualized after spraying with DPPH and triphenyltetrazolium chloride reagents which screen antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, respectively, and only one active compound was screened …

Using Pcr To Target Misconceptions About Gene Expression, Leslie Kate Wright, Dina L. Newman

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We present a PCR-based laboratory exercise that can be used with first- or second-year biology students to help overcome common misconceptions about gene expression. Biology students typically do not have a clear understanding of the difference between genes (DNA) and gene expression (mRNA/protein) and often believe that genes exist in an organism or cell only when they are expressed. This laboratory exercise allows students to carry out a PCR-based experiment designed to challenge their misunderstanding of the difference between genes and gene expression. Students first transform E. coli with an inducible GFP gene containing plasmid and observe induced and un-induced …

Using Pcr To Target Misconceptions About Gene Expression, Leslie Kate Wright, Dina L. Newman

Articles

We present a PCR-based laboratory exercise that can be used with first- or second-year biology students to help overcome common misconceptions about gene expression. Biology students typically do not have a clear understanding of the difference between genes (DNA) and gene expression (mRNA/protein) and often believe that genes exist in an organism or cell only when they are expressed. This laboratory exercise allows students to carry out a PCR-based experiment designed to challenge their misunderstanding of the difference between genes and gene expression. Students first transform E. coli with an inducible GFP gene containing plasmid and observe induced and un-induced …

Pricing European And American Options In The Heston Model With Accelerated Explicit Finite Differencing Methods, Conall O'Sullivan, Stephen O'Sullivan

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No abstract provided.

Toward A Positive Theory Of Privacy Law, Lior Strahilevitz

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No abstract provided.

Gender Quotas After The End Of Men, Julie C. Suk

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The article explores the evolving role of gender quotas in a society where women are increasingly surpassing men in education and professional sectors, a concept termed "the end of men." It examines the legal and social implications of gender quotas, contrasting France's constitutional commitment to gender parity with Sweden's shift away from such quotas as they begin to disadvantage women in certain contexts. The author argues that the justification for gender quotas is being reevaluated, moving from correcting historical discrimination to maintaining gender balance as a permanent societal goal.

Rethinking Sustainability To Meet The Climate Change Challenge, Jessica Owley, Michael Burger, Elizabeth Burleson, Rebecca M. Bratspies, Robin Kundis Craig, David M. Driesen, Alexandra R. Harrington, Keith H. Hirokawa, Sarah Krakoff, Katrina Fischer Kuh, Stephen R. Miller, Patrick Parenteau, Melissa Powers, Shannon M. Roesler, Jonathan Rosenbloom

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A group of environmental law professors formed the Environmental Law Collaborative with the goal of engaging environmental law scholars in the thorny issues of the day. The members of the Collaborative gathered in the summer of 2012 to produce an intensive and collective assessment of sustainability in the age of climate change. Their writings examine the process of adapting the principles and application of sustainability to the demands of climate change, including framing the term sustainability in climate change discussions; coordinating sustainable practices across disciplines such as law, economics, ethics, and the hard sciences; and conceptualizing the role of sustainability …

Protein Kinase C Delta Is A Substrate Of Tissue Transglutaminase And A Novel Autoantigen In Coeliac Disease, Greg Byrne, Michael Freeley, Con Feighery, Alex Whelan, Aideen Long

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Post-translational modification of proteins by deamidation or transamidation by tissue transglutaminase (tTG) has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the development of autoimmunity. Sequence analysis of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) identified an amino acid motif that suggested the possibility that PKCδ was a glutamine substrate of tTG and MALDI-TOF analysis of synthesised peptides from PKCδ proved that this was the case. Polymerisation experiments using recombinant tTG and biotinylated hexapeptide substrate incorporation assays demonstrated that PKCδ is a substrate for tTG-mediated transamidation. Elevated levels of anti-PKCδ antibodies were detected in sera from patients with coeliac disease (pb0.0001) but not …

Raising The Stakes In Patent Cases, Anup Malani, Jonathan Masur

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No abstract provided.

Cell Death Pathways In Directly Irradiated Cells And Cells Exposed To Medium From Irradiated Cells, K.K. Jella, Amaya Garcia, Brendan Mcclean, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare levels of apoptosis, necrosis, mitotic cell death and senescence after treatment with both direct radiation and irradiated cell conditioned medium. Materials and methods: Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) were irradiated (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 Gy) using a cobalt 60 teletherapy unit. For bystander experiments, the medium was harvested from donor HaCaT cells one hour after irradiation and transferred to recipient HaCaT cells. Clonogenic assay, apoptosis, necrosis, mitotic cell death, senescence and cell cycle analysis were measured in both directly irradiated cells and bystander cells Results: A reduction in cell survival was …

Microwave Drying Kinetics And Quality Characteristics Of Corn, Songul Gursoy, Ruplal Choudhary, Dennis G. Watson

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In recent years, microwave (MW) drying has gained popularity as an alternative drying method for a wide variety of food and agricultural products because of increasing concerns over product quality and production costs. However, the determination of drying kinetics that accurately describes microwave drying characteristics is crucial for the optimization of operating parameters, performance improvement of the drying system and product quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the drying kinetics and the quality characteristics of corn kernels, especially the effects of different initial moisture contents (18.3%, 26.3%, 34.3% and 42.3% db), MW power levels (70, 175 and …

Legal Realisms, Old And New, Brian Leiter

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No abstract provided.

Risk Assessment Of Erosion From Concentrated Flow On Rangelands Using Overland Flow Distribution And Shear Stress Partitioning, Osama Z. Al-Hamdan, Frederick B. Pierson, Mark A. Nearing, Christopher Jason Williams, Jeffry J. Stone, Patrick R. Kormos, Jan Boll, Mark A. Weltz

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Erosion rates of overland flow on rangelands tend to be relatively low, but under certain conditions where flow is concentrated, soil loss can be significant. Therefore, a rangeland site can be highly vulnerable to soil erosion where overland flow is likely to concentrate and exert high shear stress on soil grains. This concept is commonly applied in cropland and wildland soil erosion modeling using predictions of flow effective shear stress (shear stress applied on soil grains). However, historical approaches to partition shear stress in erosion models are computationally complex and require extensive parameterization. Furthermore, most models are not capable of …

Transcript Abundance Responses Of Resistance Pathways Of Arabidopsis Thaliana To Deoxynivalenol, Jiazheng Yuan, Michelle M. Zhu, Khalid Meksem, Matt Geisler, Patrick Hart Dr, David A. Lightfoot

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Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (teleomorph of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) was known to be both a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and an inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana L. seed germination. Fusarium graminearum causes both Gibberella ear rot in maize (Zea mays L.) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and barley. Arabidopsis thaliana was also a host for the related root rot pathogen F. virguliforme Aoki. A. thaliana seedling growth was reduced by the pathogen in a proportional response to increasing spore concentrations. Here, the changes in transcript abundances corresponding to …

Homo-Dimerization And Ligand Binding By The Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain At Rhg1/Rfs2 Underlying Resistance To Two Soybean Pathogens, Ahmad Walid Afzali, Ali Srour, Abhishek Goil, Sheeja Vasudaven, Tianyun Liu, Ram Samudrala, Navneet Dogra, Punit Kohli, Ayan Malakar, David A. Lightfoot

Articles

Background: The protein encoded by GmRLK18-1 (Glyma_18_02680 on chromosome 18) was a receptor like kinase (RLK) encoded within the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Rhg1/Rfs2 locus. The locus underlies resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines (I.) and causal agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki). Previously the leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain was expressed in Escherichia coli.

Results: The aims here were to evaluate the LRRs ability to; homo-dimerize; bind larger proteins; and bind to small peptides. Western analysis suggested homo-dimers could form after protein extraction from roots. The purified LRR domain, from …

Snp-Based Genetic Linkage Map Of Soybean Using The Soysnp6k Illumina Infinium Beadchip Genotyping Array, Masum Akond, Shiming Liu, Lauren Schoener, James A. Anderson, Stella K. Kantartzi, Khalid Meksem, Qijian Song, Dechun Wang, Zixiang Wen, David A. Lightfoot, My Abdelmajid Kassem

Articles

This study reports a high density genetic linkage map based on the ‘Maryland 96-5722’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and constructed exclusively with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The Illumina Infinium SoySNP6K BeadChip genotyping array produced 5,376 SNPs in the mapping population, with a 96.75% success rate. Significant level of goodness-of-fit for each locus was tested based on the observed vs. expected ratio (1:1). Out of 5,376 markers, 1,465 SNPs fit the 1:1 segregation rate having ≤20% missing data plus heterozygosity among the RILs. Among this 1,456 just 657 were polymorphic …

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy By Dispersive Wave Generations In A Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber, Jinhui Yuan, Guiyao Zhou, Hongzhan Liu, Changmin Xia, Xinzhu Sang, Qiang Wu, Chongxiu Yu, Kuiru Wang, Binbin Yan, Ying Han, Gerald Farrell, Lantian Hou

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The polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) with two zero dispersion wavelengths is designed and fabricated by the improved stack-and-draw technology in our laboratory. The broadband blue-shifted and red-shifted dispersive waves (DWs) are efficiently generated from soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) along the slow axis of PM-PCF. By optimizing the pump parameters and the fiber length, the polarized DWs centered in the normal dispersion region can be used as the pump and Stokes pulses for the high resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the widely tunable relevant CARS wavelengths can be obtained by adjusting the …

Criminal Securities Fraud And The Lower Materiality Standard, Wendy Gerwick Couture

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No abstract provided.

Generation Of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species And Genotixity Effect To Exposure Of Nanosized Polyamidoamine (Pamam) Dendrimers In Plhc-1 Cells In Vitro, Pratap Naha, Hugh Byrne

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Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers elicit systematically variable cyto- and eco-toxic responses, promising the basis for structure activity relationships governing nanotoxicological responses. Increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), genotoxicity and apoptosis due to in-vitro exposure of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to dendrimer generations G-4, G-5 and G-6 is demonstrated. A generation dependent increase in ROS and genotoxicity was observed, consistent with our previous studies. The responses correlate well with the number of surface amino groups per generation. Although ROS production initially increases approximately linearly, it saturates at higher doses. Notably, normalised to molar dose of surface amino groups, the dose-dependent ROS …

Raman Spectroscopic Mapping For The Analysis Of Solar Radiation Induced Skin Damage, Hugh Byrne, Syed Mehmood Ali, Franck Bonnier, K. Ptasinski, Helen Lambkin, Kathleen Flynn, Fiona Lyng

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The effects of simulated solar irradiation of an artificial skin model have been examined using Raman spectroscopy and the results are compared with cytotoxicological and histological profiling. Samples exposed for times varying between 30 minutes and 240 minutes were incubated post exposure for a period of 96hours. The cytotoxicological response as measured by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay demonstrated a ~50% loss of viability of the artificial tissue after 120 minutes exposure. Histological staining of tissue sections showed considerable loss of cellular content in the epidermal layer at this endpoint. Raman spectroscopic mapping of tissue sections, coupled with …

Vibrational Spectroscopy In Sensing Radiobiological Effects: Analyses Of Targeted And Non-Targeted Effects In Human Keratinocytes, Aidan Meade, Orla L. Howe, Valerie Unterreiner, Ganesh Sockalingum, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng

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Modern models of radiobiological effects include mechanisms of damage initiation, sensing and repair, for those cells that directly absorb ionizing radiation as well as those that experience molecular signals from directly irradiated cells. In the former case, the effects are termed targeted effects while, in the latter, non-targeted effects. It has emerged that phenomena occur at low doses below 1Gy in directly irradiated cells which are associated with cell-cycle dependent mechanisms of DNA damage sensing and repair. Likewise in non-targeted bystander irradiated cells the effect saturates at 0.5Gy. Both effects at these doses challenge the limits of detection of vibrational …

Sensory And Chemical Interactions Of Food Pairings (Basmati Rice, Bacon And Extra Virgin Olive Oil) With Banana, Mark Traynor, Roisin Burke, Maurice O'Sullivan, John Hannon, Catherine Barry-Ryan

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The aim of this study aimed to investigate food pairings as an important sensory phenomenon in order to determine how different components in the selected food pairings affect and interact with other components. Three novel food pairings (banana and bacon, banana and olive oil, and banana and rice) were selected. A conjoint approach utilising qualitative (organic volatile analysis and descriptive sensory analysis) and quantitative (comparable semi quantitative organic volatile analysis and affective sensory tests) methods of analysis n an attempt to elucidate the success or failure of selected food pairings. Free choice profiling (descriptive sensory analysis) data was analysed using …