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Sentencing Discretion: Current Trial And Appellate Court Perspectives In Idaho, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

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No abstract provided.

Criminalizing Juvenile Justice: Rules Of Procedure For The Juvenile Court, Barry C. Feld

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The 1967 United States Supreme Court decision In re Gault 1 precipitated a procedural revolution that has transformed the juvenile court into a legal institution very different from that envisioned by its Progressive creators. 2 In the years since Gault, states have struggled to bring the administration of their juvenile courts into harmony with the requirements of the Constitution, 3 aided by professional commentary and the continuing evolution of juvenile procedural due process requirements.

The Felony-Murder Rule: A Doctrine At Constitutional Crossroads, Nelson E. Roth, Scott E. Sundby

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No abstract provided.

Gates, 'Probable Cause', 'Good Faith', And Beyond, Yale Kamisar

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Illinois v. Gates1 was the most eagerly awaited constitutional-criminal procedure case of the 1982 Term. I think it fair to say, however, that it was awaited a good deal more eagerly by law enforcement officials and the Americans for Effective Law Enforcement than by defense lawyers and the American Civil Liberties Union. As it turned out, of course, the Gates Court, to the disappointment of many, did not reach the question whether the exclusionary rule in search and seizure cases should be modified so as not to require the exclusion of evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment when …

The Meaning Of Judicial Self-Restraint, Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

Shaping The Eighteenth-Century Criminal Trial: A View From The Ryder Sources, John H. Langbein

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No abstract provided.

Implementing The Criminal Defendant's Right To Trial: Alternatives To The Plea Bargaining System, Albert W. Alschuler

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No abstract provided.

The Sovereignty Of The Courts, Edward Hirsch Levi

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No abstract provided.

The Media And The Courts: A Troubled Symbiosis, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

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No abstract provided.

Discretionary Decisionmaking In The Regulatory Agencies: A Conceptual Framework, Daniel J. Gifford

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For years, Professor Kenneth Culp Davis has directed the professional public's attention to the prevalence of what he believes to be insufficiently confined administrative discretion. 1 Davis has found powers of unduly wide latitude in agencies and administrators, such as tax collectors, 2 police officers, 3 welfare administrators, 4 and independent agencies supervising business behavior. 5 In general, Davis recommends confining the discretionary powers of agencies and officials more narrowly than they have been done in the past. He suggests that where discretion cannot practically be so confined, it should be "checked" or "structured." 6 Thus, Davis urges that "one …

Does (Did) (Should) The Exclusionary Rule Rest On A 'Principled Basis' Rather Than An 'Empirical Proposition'?, Yale Kamisar

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[U]ntil the [exclusionary rule] rests on a principled basis rather than an empirical proposition, [the rule] will remain in a state of unstable equilibrium. Mapp v. Ohio, which overruled the then twelve-year-old Wolf case and imposed the fourth amendment exclusionary rule (the Weeks doctrine) on the states as a matter of fourteenth amendment due process, seemed to mark the end of an era. Concurring in Mapp, Justice Douglas recalled that Wolf had evoked "a storm of constitutional controversy which only today finds its end."' But in the two decades since Justice Douglas made this observation, the storm of controversy has …

Book Review (Reviewing G. Edward White, Earl Warren: A Public Life (1982)), Philip B. Kurland

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No abstract provided.

Towards Neutral Principles In The Administration Of Criminal Justice: A Critique Of Supreme Court Decisions Sanctioning The Plea Bargaining Process, Malvina Halberstam

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This article compares the Court's reasoning in plea bargaining cases with its reasoning in non-plea-bargaining cases that involve the same legal principles. It analyzes the Court's arguments for sustaining guilty pleas induced by fear of the death penalty or by promises of leniency, and for sanctioning the imposition of harsher penalties on those who reject prosecutional offers to plead and insist on a trial. Finally, it briefly addresses the contention that the system for the administration of criminal justice in the United States could not function if use of a sentencing differential to induce guilty pleas were prohibited.

Excessive Sanctions For Governmental Misconduct In Criminal Cases, Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

Limits Of Law Enforcement, The, Hans Zeisel

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No abstract provided.

The Verdict Of Five Out Of Six Civil Jurors: Constitutional Problems, Hans Zeisel

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A criminal jury of fewer than 6 members and a jury in which 5 out of 6 can find a verdict were held unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court for failing to meet the requirements of due process as mandated by the Fourteenth Amendment. In four states-Michigan is one of them-the 5 out of 6jury is the standard civil jury. Two questions are raised: first, whether such a jury violates the Michigan state constitution; second, whether such a 5 out of 6 civil jury violates the federal Constitution even though the civil jury is not protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.

International Trial Observers, David Weissbrodt

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Since the Dreyfus trial in 1899, governments have sent observers to foreign political trials both to increase their understanding of the affairs of other nations and to express concern about the fairness of the proceedings themselves. It is now common for a number of gov- ernments, including those of Canada, the Federal Republic of Ger- many, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States, to send official observers to foreign trials of political or human rights significance.

How We Got The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule And Why We Need It, Yale Kamisar

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Why the continuing storm of controversy over the exclusionary rule? Why the deep and widespread hostility to it? I think a recent law office search case, because it arose in a setting so unlike the typical search and seizure case, furnishes a clue. In O'Connor v. Johnson, St. Paul police obtained a warrant to search an attorney's office for business records of a client suspected of making false written statements in applying for a liquor license. The attorney happened to be present when the police arrived. Holding on to his work product file, which contained some of the records sought, …

On Recognizing Variations In State Criminal Procedure, Jerold H. Israel

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Everyone recognizes that the laws governing criminal procedure vary somewhat from state to state. There is often a tendency, however, to underestimate the degree of diversity that exists. Even some of the most experienced practitioners believe that aside from variations on some minor matters, such as the number of peremptory challenges granted, and variation on a few major items, such as the use of the grand jury, the basic legal standards governing most procedures are approximately the same in a large majority of states. I have seen varied evidence of this misconception in practitioner discussions of law reform proposals, particularly …

Selective Incorporation Revisited, Jerold H. Israel

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In June 1960 Justice Brennan's separate opinion in Ohio ex re. Eaton v. Price' set forth what came to be the doctrinal foundation of the Warren Court's criminal procedure revolution. Justice Brennan advocated adoption of what is now commonly described as the "selective incorporation" theory of the fourteenth amendment. That theory, simply put, holds that the fourteenth amendment's due process clause fully incorporates all of those guarantees of the Bill of Rights deemed to be fundamental and thereby makes those guarantees applicable to the states. During the decade that followed Ohio ex re. Eaton v. Price, the Court found incorporated …

Court Rulemaking In Washington State, Hugh D. Spitzer

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Reviews the history and approach to court rule making in Washington State. Critiques the Washington Supreme Court’s weakening of the Judicial Council and the Court’s assumption of control of aspects of rulemaking that might better be handled by a Judicial Council or the Legislature.

Standing Up For Fourth Amendment Rights: Salvucci, Rawlings, And The Reasonable Expectation Of Privacy (Comment), Elizabeth Brandt

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The initial inquiry a court must make before considering a motion to suppress evidence based on an unreasonable search and seizure is whether the individual has standing under the fourth amendment. This Note examines the historical development of the standing doctrines leading to the reasonable expectation of privacy test adopted by the Supreme Court in Rakas v. Illinois. The Note also identifies the problems created by the Court's far-reaching application of this test. The author concludes that the overall effect of recent decisions may be to limit the number of defendants able to assert fourth amendment claims, since suppression hearing …

The Changing Plea Bargaining Debate, Albert Alschuler

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No abstract provided.

Mr. Chief Justice Burger On The State Of The Judiciary - 1981, Philip B. Kurland

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No abstract provided.

Race Bias In The Administration Of The Death Penalty: The Florida Experience, Hans Zeisel

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No abstract provided.

The Disposition Of Felony Arrests, Hans Zeisel

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While we know a great deal about the disposition of felony arrests that reach the trial stage, we know little about the details of the dispositions reached without trial. And yet, this latter category forms as a rule over 90 percent, in New York City 98 percent, of all dispositions. Basing his analysis on a study done in the early 1970s, the author describes and presents data on the various stages in the process from arrest to final disposition through plea bargaining, trial, or dismissal of the case. For the first time, this usually opaque disposition pattern prior to trial …

Social Science Hubris--A Review Of Lindblom And Cohen's Usable Knowledge Review Article, Hans Zeisel

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No abstract provided.

Juvenile Court Legislative Reform And The Serious Young Offender: Dismantling The "Rehabilitative Ideal", Barry C. Feld

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There are two principal mechanisms for transferring juvenile offenders to the adult criminal justice process. The most common mechanism is judicial waiver; the alternative is legislative waiver, i.e., the legislature redefines juvenile court jurisdiction to exclude from juvenile courts those youths charged with certain offenses. During 1980, the Minnesota Legislature actively reviewed the State's juvenile code and significantly modified several provisions focusing on the serious young offender, the certification process, and the interface between the juvenile and criminal courts in sentencing. Under the new legislation, the exclusively benevolent and rehabilitative purpose of the juvenile court remains only for children alleged …

Cults And Conversion: The Case For Informed Consent, Richard Delgado

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Is Washington Ready For Merit Selection Of Judges, Hugh D. Spitzer, William S. Bailey

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In 1980, Seattle established a judicial merit selection process for the Seattle Municipal Court, based on an approach used in many other jurisdictions and by the federal government under President Carter. The Seattle plan represents the first time a merit selection commission of lawyers and lay people has been used for nonfederal appointments in Washington. The two individuals subsequently appointed to the Seattle Municipal Court have gone through one of this state's most rigorous judicial selection processes.

In this article, we will review how judges are presently selected in this state, the various methods of choosing judges in other jurisdictions …