Digital Commons Network^™

Application Of Big-Data For Epidemiological Studies Of Refractive Error, Michael Moore, James Loughman, John Butler, Arne Ohlendorf, Siegfried Wahl, Daniel Ian Flitcroft

Articles

Purpose

To examine whether data sourced from electronic medical records (EMR) and a large industrial spectacle lens manufacturing database can estimate refractive error distribution within large populations as an alternative to typical population surveys of refractive error.

Subjects

A total of 555,528 patient visits from 28 Irish primary care optometry practices between the years 1980 and 2019 and 141,547,436 spectacle lens sales records from an international European lens manufacturer between the years 1998 and 2016.

Methods

Anonymized EMR data included demographic, refractive and visual acuity values. Anonymized spectacle lens data included refractive data. Spectacle lens data was separated into lenses …

In Situ Water Quantification In Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy, Suha Elderderi, Laura Wils, Charlotte Leman-Loubière, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Cécile Enguehard-Gueiffier, Emilie Munnier, Abdalla A. Elbashir, Leslie Boudesocque-Delaye, Franck Bonnier

Articles

Raman spectroscopy is a cost-effective, label free and non-destructive analytical tool [1] that delivers specific molecular information to enable the determination of the chemical composition of samples within seconds, with minimum or no requirements for sample preparation. The technique is based on the illumination of samples with a monochromatic laser source, resulting in a fraction of the light being inelastically scattered (the Raman effect) which can be collected as spectral signatures [2]. Raman spectroscopy is considered as an approach well suited for the monitoring and control of chemical and pharmaceutical processes [3,4], end point prediction of chemical synthesis reactions [5] …

Praseodymium Mid-Infrared Emission In Alf3-Based Glass Sensitized By Ytterbium, Jiquan Zhang, Mo Liu, Jin Yu, Ruicong Wang, Shijie Jia, Zijun Liu, Gerald Farrell, Shunbin Wang, Pengfei Wang

Articles

Broadband emission was obtained over 2.6 to 4.1 μm (Pr3+: 1G4→3F4, 3F3) in AlF3-based glass samples doped with different concentrations of praseodymium and 1 mol% ytterbium using a 976 nm laser pump. An efficient energy transfer process from Yb3+: 2F5/2 to Pr3+: 1G4 was analyzed through emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime values. The absorption and emission cross-sections were calculated by Füchtbauer-Ladenburg and McCumber theories and a positive gain can be obtained when P>0.3. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first report of broadband mid-infrared emission of Pr3+ in an AlF3-based glass. The results show …

Social Mobilization In Partisan Spaces, Florian Foos, Peter John, Christian Muller, Kevin Cunningham

Articles

Three decades ago Huckfeldt and Sprague hypothesised that partisan context constrains information sharing between neighbours. We develop their theory to identify implications for campaign mobilisation in homogeneous and mixed-partisan contexts. We argue that GOTV spillover effects should vary with the proportion of rival party supporters in a neighbourhood. Based on two samples of households that were either included or excluded pre-random assignment from a street-level GOTV experiment, we test this expectation of differential spillover effects. We estimate neighbourhood party preferences based on targeting data made available by the UK Labour Party. We find that spillover effects on party supporters are …

An Investigation Into The Food Related Traditions Associated With The Christmas Period In Rural Ireland, Stephanie Byrne, Kathleen Farrell

Articles

The interdisciplinary nature of food studies lends itself to the study of food through many avenues, most notably in this research, through folklore and the oral history transcripts of the Schools’ Collection made by the Irish Folklore Commission in 1937–1938. Folklore can give us an insight into sometimes overlooked features of society and how people’s lives can be studied and highlighted through their relationship with food. The Christmas period was an extremely important time in Irish tradition, and food was a main aspect of that celebration. This paper, therefore, at first delves into the literature surrounding Christmas, folklore, and food; …

Affiliated Issue With 2020 College Art Association Annual Conference, ‘Flesh And Circuit: Rethinking Performance And Technology’ (Chicago, Il, Usa), Conor Mcgarrigle Dr., E.L. Putnam

Articles

The live, embodied, material, and interactive qualities of performance have made it a notable means of exploring the creative potential of technological engagement, acting as a critical vector for revealing and resisting the technological colonisation of everyday life. The innovative collaborations of Experiments in Art and Technology (EAT) during the 1960’s with artists such as Yvonne Rainer and Robert Rauschenberg, Stelarc’s extreme body modifications, Dumb Type’s intermedia performance, and Guillermo Gomez-Pena and La Pocha Nostra’s poetic and speculative imaginings, have mapped the advances in technology and opened new creative fields to explore embodiment. However, there are still some significant oversights …

Getting To Know You: An Expanded Approach To Capital Jury Selection, Samuel P. Newton

Articles

The Colorado Method of capital jury selection is a widely embraced strategy defense attorneys use to select jurors during voir dire, in which attorneys rank each juror exclusively on the likelihood that the juror will vote for death. The method could benefit from some expansion. Not all defense lawyers have access to Colorado-Method-based training. In innocence cases, defense lawyers should soften discussions of punishment prior to guilt since this tactic predisposes juries to vote for death. Nor do jurors' views or positions on the death penalty guarantee their eventual votes. While capital juries are already inclined to give death sentences …

How The U.S. Constitution Connects With Covid-19, Richard Henry Seamon

Articles

No abstract provided.

Two-Party Structural Countermandering, Benjamin Plener Cover

Articles

The popular narrative surrounding gerrymandering frames it as a performative phenomenon—achieved through the intentional manipulations of malevolent partisan actors. Efforts to curb partisan gerrymandering —which I call countermandering—have been performative, in turn, focusing on constraining these bad actors through judicial review or mapmaker neutrality. Yet performative countermandering has had limited success. Judicial and institutional constraints are only sometimes available and are often cumbersome and costly. More important, their utility is inherently limited, because gerrymandering is not only performative. It is also structural—an inevitable product of the American electoral schema itself. This paper makes the case for structural countermandering. It explains …

Geographic Gerrymandering, Benjamin Plener Cover

Articles

The leading measures of gerrymandering reflect a party-centric theory of representation based on the statewide relationship between seats and votes. But electoral districting, a traditional practice that still predominates, reflects a geographic theory of representation focused on the district-based relationship between a representative and her constituents. We propose a new approach to gerrymandering that takes electoral districting on its own terms and defines fairness geographically without reference to the seats-votes relationship. Scholars, courts, and mapmakers recognize the representational interests advanced by geographic criteria, such as preservation of local political boundaries. We ask whether an electoral map fairly distributes these benefits. …

Multicomponent Fokas-Lenells Equations On Hermitian Symmetric Spaces, Vladimir Gerdjikov, Rossen Ivanov

Articles

Multi-component integrable generalizations of the Fokas-Lenells equation, associated with each irreducible Hermitian symmetric space are formulated. Description of the underlying structures associated to the integrability, such as the Lax representation and the bi-Hamiltonian formulation of the equations is provided. Two reductions are considered as well, one of which leads to a nonlocal integrable model. Examples with Hermitian symmetric spaces of all classical series of types A.III, BD.I, C.I and D.III are presented in details, as well as possibilities for further reductions in a general form.

Familial Factors In The Development Of Social Anxiety Disorder, Christine M. Olson

Articles

The purpose of the current article is to explore familial factors that influence the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in children and adolescents, including parenting, sibling relationships, and family environment. A multitude of interrelated genetic and familial factors have been found to cause and maintain SAD in children and adolescents. There are many challenges in diagnosing and treating the disorder. Knowledge and awareness of familial factors provide insight on targeted treatments that prevent or ameliorate SAD.

Machine Learning In Sports Medicine: Need For Improvement, Kyle R. Martin, Ayoosh Pareek, Aaron J. Krych

Articles

The over-riding goal of a physician is to optimize the outcome for each individual patient. However, our ability to manipulate the end result at the individual level is limited by our inability to accurately predict the expected outcome of a given clinical scenario. In the age of big data, machine learning can make our predictive capability both easier and more accurate using existing registries and databases which hold the potential to dramatically change decision-making and to optimize individual outcome. The purpose of this editorial was to explore the possible uses of machine learning in sports medicine using existing knee ligament …

An Iso/Iec 7816-4 Application Layer Approach To Mitigate Relay Attacks On Near Field Communication, Christina Thorpe, John Tobin, Liam Murphy

Articles

Near Field Communication (NFC) has become prevalent in access control and contactless payment systems, however, there is evidence in the literature to suggest that the technology possesses numerous vulnerabilities. Contactless bank cards are becoming commonplace in society; while there are many benefits from the use of contactless payments, there are also security issues present that could be exploited by a malicious third party. The inherently short operating distance of NFC (typically about 4 cm) is often relied upon as a means of ensuring intentional interaction on the user’s part and limiting attack vectors. However, NFC is particularly sensitive to relay …

A Review Of The Fractal Market Hypothesis For Trading And Market Price Prediction, Jonathan Blackledge, Marc Lamphiere

Articles

This paper provides a review of the Fractal Market Hypothesis (FMH) focusing on financial times series analysis. In order to put the FMH into a broader perspective, the Random Walk and Efficient Market Hypotheses are considered together with the basic principles of fractal geometry. After exploring the historical developments associated with different financial hypotheses, an overview of the basic mathematical modelling is provided. The principal goal of this paper is to consider the intrinsic scaling properties that are characteristic for each hypothesis. In regard to the FMH, it is explained why a financial time series can be taken to be …

Analytics Capability In Marketing Education: A Practice-Informed Model, Justina Setkute, Simone Kurtzke Dr.

Articles

As marketing continues to be transformed by technology and the explosion of big data, academic research has identified a significant need for analytics skills in marketing education. However, it is unclear whether current curriculum approaches to marketing analytics equip students with the skills employers need and prepare them effectively for data-driven marketing roles. This study identifies the knowledge and skills marketing graduates require for analytics practice to bridge the theory-practice gap and increase students’ employability. Our research reveals that a blend of knowledge, soft and technical skills is needed, and that the ability to communicate insights from data to stakeholders …

Exploring Evidence Of Lost And Forgotten Irish Food Traditions In Irish Cookbooks 1980-2015, Diarmaid Murphy

Articles

A study by the Irish Food Board, Bord Bia, in 2008 outlined some lost and forgotten food traditions in Ireland based on the evidence from a pre-selected expert group. This paper explores the inclusion of traditional Irish foods within seventy-nine Irish cookbooks, published between 1980 to 2015. Extant academic and grey literature on food traditions and cookbooks, together with the content of the cookbooks, identified a gradual decline in the presence of certain traditional Irish foods, to the point where they could be deemed lost or forgotten. The study, however, also finds a re-emergence in the most recent period. A …

Promises Made, Promises Broken: The Anatomy Of Idaho's School Funding Litigation, John E. Rumel

Articles

This Article discusses the protracted Idaho Schools for Equal Educational Opportunity ("ISEEO") K-12 school funding litigation in Idaho - litigation initiated by plaintiffs under Idaho's state constitutional education clause in the early 1990s, which resulted in six reported decisions by the Idaho Supreme Court and two additional decisions in follow-on federal and state court cases and which, although leading to the state Supreme Court's affirming the trial court's determination that the Idaho legislature had failed to adequately fund public education under the thoroughness provision of the education clause, resulted in the state high court's dismissing the case without addressing the …

A Familiar Crossroads: Mcgirt V. Oklahoma And The Future Of The Federal Indian Law Canon, Dylan R. Hedden-Nicely

Articles

Federal Indian law forms part of the bedrock of American jurisprudence. Indeed, critical parts of the pre-civil war constitutional canon were defined in Federal Indian law cases that simultaneously provided legal justification for American westward expansion onto unceded Indian lands. As a result, Federal Indian law makes up an inextricable part of American rule of law. Despite its importance, Federal Indian law follows a long and circuitous road that requires "wander[ing] the maze of Indian statutes and case law tracing back [over] 100 years." That road has long oscillated between two poles, with the Supreme Court sometimes applying foundation principles …

Wealth Transfer Tax Planning After The Tax Cuts And Jobs Act, John A. Miller

Articles

On December 17, 2017, Congress passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). Among its many impacts, the TCJA increased the inflation-adjusted estate tax basic exclusion amount to $10,000,000 on a temporary basis. This has dramatic implications for many existing and future estate plans, including a major crossover impact on income tax planning. In this Article, we explain the operation of the federal wealth transfer taxes (the estate tax, the gift tax, and the generation skipping transfer tax) in the wake of the TCJA and dissect the basic tax planning techniques for wealth transmission. The overall design of this Article …

Reaching Across The Divide: The Role Of Cultural Events In Peacebuilding, Bernadette Quinn, Adrian Devine, Frances Devine

Articles

This article assesses whether or not a cultural event can play a peacebuilding role during the postviolence phase of conflict. Cultural expression has long been a contentious issue in Northern Ireland, no more so than in Derry/Londonderry, the city at the center of this study. Adopting a qualitative approach, the authors used the city’s Fleadh Cheoil (2013) event as a case study and found that it served three of the seven peacebuilding functions outlined by Paffenholz and Spurk: social cohesion, in-group socialization, and intermediation/facilitation. The findings suggest that the event enabled positive change by building “bridges” and developing intercommunal trust …

Labor Organization In Ride-Sharing: Unionization Or Cartelization?, Mark Anderson

Articles

The sharing economy brings together the constituent parts of a business enterprise into a structure that, on its surface, resembles a business firm, but in crucial ways is nothing like the traditional firm. This includes the ownership of the primary capital assets used in the business, as well as one of the most fundamental features of a firm-the relationship with its labor force. Sharing economy workers are formally contractors, running small businesses as sole entrepreneurs, with the effect that they are excluded from many of the protections made available to workers across the economy. The result is a seeming disparity …

Fashion, Models, And Intellectual Property, Andres Sawicki

Articles

In this Article, I revisit the impact of Professor Kal Raustiala and Professor Christopher Sprigman 's landmark article, The Piracy Paradox. Their work identified an empirical anomaly that was difficult to explain in light of the standard justification for intellectual property rights: although IP law does not grant meaningful exclusivity in novel fashion designs, the fashion industry invests significant resources developing those novel designs. To account for this anomaly, The Piracy Paradox shifted the focus from the supply side of innovation to the demand side. The standard justification emphasized that innovators face threats of copying that they cannot easily …

Introductory Remarks: The Roberts Court And The First Amendment: An Introduction, Geoffrey Stone

Articles

No abstract provided.

Symposium: The Roberts Court And Free Speech: Transcript, Michael Cahill, Joel Gora, Geoffrey Stone

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Comparative Constitutional Law Of Presidential Impeachment, Aziz Huq, Tom Ginsburg, David Landau

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No abstract provided.

The Social Science Approach To International Law, Daniel Abebe, Adam Chilton, Tom Ginsburg

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No abstract provided.

Valuation Blunders In The Law Of Eminent Domain, Richard Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Limiting The Pardon Power, Albert W. Alschuler

Articles

Although our government is said to be one of checks and balances, the president’s power “to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States” appears to be unlimited. In granting this power, the Framers deliberately cast structural safeguards aside. Nevertheless, the presidency of Donald Trump prompted a search for limits. This Article examines: (1) whether a president may pardon crimes that have not yet happened (or announce his intention to do so); (2) whether he may pardon himself; (3) whether he may use pardons to obstruct justice or commit other crimes; (4) whether criminal statutes should be construed …

Chevronizing Around Cost-Benefit Analysis, Jonathan Masur, Eric Posner

Articles

No abstract provided.