Digital Commons Network^™

The Relationship Between Ventilation Rates In Schools And The Indoor Airborne Transmission Potential Of Covid-19, Seamus Harrington, Mark Mulville, Spyros Stravoravdis

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The requirement for natural ventilation strategies in classrooms to perform in respect to both their inherent and adaptive capacity is necessary to mitigate the risk of transmission associated with infectious airborne pathogens such as COVID-19. This paper assesses the performance of ten classrooms considering (a) the designed versus actual ventilation capacity; (b) the probability of airborne disease transmission by unit time resulting from calculated ventilation rates and (c) the reduction of transmission risk associated with mask wearing by all occupants.

Monitored air changes per hour (ACH) range from 0.26–1.7, demonstrating that none of the classrooms meet designed ventilation rate whilst …

International Law Publishing Trends: What Journals Print, Bianca Anderson, Kathleen Claussen

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No abstract provided.

A Mathematical Model Of Juvenile Delinquency In The New York State, Oluwasegun Micheal Ibrahim

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This report presents a mathematical model of juvenile delinquency in the New York State. In particular, we develop a juvenile delinquency system of non-linear differential equations using the mathematical epidemiology framework. In constructing this model, we assume that juvenile delinquency can be studied as a socially infectious disease. The stability of the juvenile delinquency-free equilibrium of the model is examined using the standard non-linear dynamical systems theory technique. We carried out a data fitting based on real-life data from the New York State Criminal Justice Services. The research result reveals that the formulated model conforms with the available data and …

State International Agreements: The United States, Canada, And Constitutional Evolution, Curtis Bradley

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No abstract provided.

As Complexidades Expressivas Da Igualdade Constitucional, Tom Ginsburg

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No abstract provided.

Three Faces Of Creditor-On-Creditor Aggression, Douglas Baird

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No abstract provided.

Levmore On Simple Rules, Richard Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Proper Parties, Proper Relief, William Baude, Samuel Bray

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No abstract provided.

Twilight-Zone Originalism: The Peculiar Reasoning And Unfortunate Consequences Of New York State Pistol & Rifle Association V. Bruen,, Albert Alschuler

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No abstract provided.

Statistical Discrimination, Sonja Starr

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The Supreme Court has emphatically and repeatedly rejected efforts to justify otherwise-illegal discrimination against individuals by resort to statistical generalizations about groups. But practices that violate this principle are pervasive and largely ignored or even embraced by courts, lawyers, and law scholars. For example, many health care fields, in seeming contravention of antidiscrimination statutes, make use of explicitly racialized diagnostic algorithms that make it harder for Black patients to access care than non-Black patients with identical symptoms. Moreover, the justice system itself has embraced numerous similar practices, including demographic and “sociocultural” adjustments of intellectual-capacity assessments for defendants facing the death …

Simplicity And Complexity In Law And In Markets, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.

Efficacious Answers To The Non-Pro Rata Workout, Vincent Buccola

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he lack of comprehensive response to a recent wave of non-pro rata refinancing transactions poses theoretical as well as practical puzzles. Most market participants seem to think that workout negotiations at least presumptively ought to treat creditors in a bond or a loan facility equally. Yet more than two years after it became clear that debtors would consider non-pro rata deals, and despite evidence that clever advisors might be able to circumvent contractual changes addressed to a specific non-pro rata transactional form, no effort to ensure equal treatment generally has taken hold. Why not?

This essay offers an optimistic account …

A Meditation On The Thirteenth Amendment And Constitutional Redemption, Darrell Miller

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No abstract provided.

Firearms Law And Scholarship Beyond Bullets And Bodies, Darrell Miller, Joseph Blocher, Jacob Charles

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No abstract provided.

What Do Law Professors Believe About Law And The Legal Academy?, Eric Martinez, Kevin Tobia

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Legal scholarship is replete with debates about competing legal theories: textualism or purposivism; formalism or realism; natural law or positivism; prison reform or abolition; universal or culturally specific human rights? Despite voluminous literature about these debates, great uncertainty remains about which views experts endorse. This Article presents the first dataset of American law professors’ views about legal theory. A study of over six hundred law professors reveals expert consensus and dissensus about dozens of longstanding debates.

Law professors also debate questions about the legal academy. These include descriptive questions: Which subjects (for example, constitutional law) and methods (for example, law …

Rethinking Disclosure Obligations In Securities Regulations: Why Less Is (Much) More, Richard Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Ammonia Cycling And Emerging Inorganic Secondary Aerosols From Arable Agriculture, Vivien Pohl, Alan Gilmer, Vivienne Byers, John Cassidy, Aoife Donnelly, Stig Hellebust, Eoin J. Mcgillicuddy, Eugene Mcgovern, David J. O'Connor

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No abstract provided.

Industry Update October 2022, Elaine Harris

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Company news Bend Bioscience invests in expansion of drug-delivery capabilities Bend Bioscience (OR, USA) and NovaQuest Private Equity, have announced plans on 11 October 2022 to invest in a new facility in Bend, Oregon. The group will focus on developing new R&D partnerships, and early phase manufacturing and development activities based on proprietary particle engineering-based drug-delivery technologies. This new facility will consist of approximately 20,000 square feet of laboratory and processing areas and it is anticipated that manufacturing and analytical capabilities will operational by the end of Q2 2023. Announcing the investment decision, Dan Dobry, Bend Bioscience’s co-founder said “We …

Fda's Revolving Door: Reckoning And Reform, Laura Karas

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Recent controversy over the FDA's approval of the Alzheimer's therapy Aduhelm (aducanumab) and the Duchenne muscular dystrophy therapy Exondys 51 (eteplirsen) called into question the impartiality and independence of high-level FDA regulators. Atypical associations between FDA regulators and pharmaceutical company sponsors, in addition to fierce internal disputes over the adequacy of the evidence, elicited criticism and triggered concern about potential undue influence at the FDA. The revolving door is one persistent source of undue influence that overshadows the discharge of FDA regulators' duties to the public. Exit from government to private-sector employment via the "revolving door" is a frequent occurrence …

Exploiting Multimode Antennas For Mimo And Aoa Estimation In Size-Constrained Iot Devices, Abel Zandamela, Alessandro Chiumento Alessandro Chiumento, Alessandro Chiumento, Nicola Marchetti, Max Ammann, Adam Narbudowicz

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This work proposes compact multimode Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas for Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation in miniaturized Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The method excites different orthogonal radiating modes (TM 21 , TM 02 , and TM 31 modes) for beamforming capabilities, and the AoA performance is investigated using the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, executed using numerical and experimental data. The technique is tested at 2.238GHz , while using an antenna diameter

A Label-Free Fiber Ring Laser Biosensor For Ultrahigh Sensitivity Detection Of Salmonella Typhimurium, Shi Qiu, Bin Liu, Yuankui Leng, Edward Fox, Xian Zhou, Binbin Yan, Xinzhu Sang, Long Long, Xingdao He, Jinhui Yuan, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu

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The rapid detection of low concentrations of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an essential preventive measure for food safety and prevention of foodborne illness. The study presented in this paper addresses this critical issue by proposing a single mode-tapered seven core-single mode (STSS) fiber ring laser (FRL) biosensor for S. Typhimurium detection. The experimental results show that the specific detection time of S. Typhimurium is less than 20 min and the wavelength shift can achieve -0.906 nm for an S. Typhimurium solution (10 cells/mL). Furthermore, at a lower concentration of 1 cell/mL applied to the biosensor, a result of -0.183 …

Isolation And Identification Of Chlorate-Reducing Hafnia Sp. From Milk, William P. Mccarthy, Meghana Srinivas, Martin Danaher, Christine O'Connor, Tom F. O'Callaghan, Douwe Van Sinderen, John Kenny, John T. Tobin

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Chlorate has become a concern in the food and beverage sector, related to chlorine sanitizers in industrial food production and water treatment. It is of particular concern to regulatory bodies due to the negative health effects of chlorate exposure. This study investigated the fate of chlorate in raw milk and isolated bacterial strains of interest responsible for chlorate breakdown. Unpasteurized milk was demonstrated to have a chlorate-reducing capacity, breaking down enriched chlorate to undetectable levels in 11 days. Further enrichment and isolation using conditions specific to chlorate-reducing bacteria successfully isolated three distinct strains of Hafnia paralvei . Chlorate-reducing bacteria were …

Diethoxycarbonyl-Bodipys As Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers For Holographic Recording In Cellulose Acetate Photopolymer, Aimee Sheehan, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Catherine S.P. De Castro, Safakath Karuthedath, Wejdan Althobaiti, Metodej Dvoracek, Sabad-E Gul, Hugh Byrne, FréDéRic Laquai, Izabela Naydenova, Mikhail Filatov

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A series of new heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on 2,6-diethoxycarbonyl-BODIPY scaffold was designed and applied for holographic recording in a photopolymerizable material. Photoinduced electron transfer between the BODIPY and meso-aryl subunits, followed by the formation of BODIPY triplet excited states via spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) was studied by steady-state and ultrafast pump-probe transient optical spectroscopy. Highly efficient photosensitization was observed for dyads bearing pyrene and anthracene substituents, which exhibited singlet oxygen generation quantum yields () of up to 94%. Charge transfer and SOCT-ISC were observed in non-polar solvent (toluene) due to the increased electron accepting ability of the diethoxycarbonyl-BODIPY. …

On The Modelling Of Short And Intermediate Water Waves, Rossen I. Ivanov

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The propagation of water waves of finite depth and flat bottom is studied in the case when the depth is not small in comparison to the wavelength. This propagation regime is complementary to the long-wave regime described by the famous KdV equation. The Hamiltonian approach is employed in the derivation of a model equation in evolutionary form, which is both nonlinear and nonlocal, and most likely not integrable. Possible implications for the numerical solutions are discussed.

Guest Editorial: Building Performance And Sustainable Infrastructure: Unsustainable Return To Practice, Christopher Gorse, Colin Booth, Lloyd Scott

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The abrupt decline in global carbon emissions experienced during the pandemic was not sustainable. Overwhelmingly, this is evidenced by the advanced economies’ swift return to close to pre-pandemic levels and, of greater concern, the total global use of fossil fuels has rebounded to their highest level in history (IEA, 2021; Jackson et al., 2022). Unfortunately, post-pandemic, the anthropic life threating activities have resumed.

Swarm Electrification: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Stephen Sheridan, Keith Sunderland, Jane Courtney

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In the global North, the need to decarbonize power generation is well documented and the challenges faced are endemic to the design of the electrical grids. With networks relying on centralized generation, it can be difficult to replace fossil-fuel power plants with renewable energy sources as generation may be intermittent causing grid instability when there is no ‘spinning reserve’ [1]. In parts of the global south, however, many under-electrified nations have high levels of solar irradiance. This, combined with falling prices for solar panels, is allowing for alternative paths to electrification from costly grid extensions and has resulted in grids …

Consortium For Study And Analysis Of International Law Scholarship: Foreword, Kathleen Claussen

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No abstract provided.

Fair Value As Process: A Retrospective Reconsideration Of Delaware Appraisal, William Wilson Bratton

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This Article reconsiders the jurisprudence of fair value under Delaware's appraisal remedy, placing recent cases in historical perspective and offering a novel account. Its central observation is that appraisal has developed into a process jurisprudence rather than jurisprudence devoted to the articulation of an entitlement. As such it defies expectations and excites the wrath of academic commentators looking for a more conventional, rights-based evolution. There is a nominal entitlement: the cases at all times announce that shareholder dissenters may pursue going concern value (as opposed to third party sale value) as the measure of fair value. But the Delaware courts …

Witness Hide-And-Seek: Why Federal Prosecutors Should Record Pretrial Interviews, Christina Frohock, Jeffrey E. Marcus

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This Article pays long-overdue attention to a federal appellate court's warning against "playing hide-and-seek" with witnesses. Specifically, prosecutors should record interviews. While courtroom cameras dominate the topic of judicial transparency, cameras can play a critical role in a sleepier corner of criminal proceedings: pretrial witness interviews. The Article first tracks the history of open judicial proceedings as a tradition of our Anglo- American jurisprudence. Next, the Article identifies the normative thread running through that history. Fairness may suffer when cameras transform public proceedings into publicized proceedings. Finally, the Article argues that this same issue of fairness applies to pretrial witness …

The Next 100 Years Of International Intellectual Property: Integrating Human Rights And Corporate Social Responsibility, J. Janewa Osei-Tutu

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No abstract provided.