Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Heat Schock On Browning-Related Enzymes In Minimally Processed Iceberg Lettuce And Crude Extracts, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jemina Mulcahy, Jesus Maria Frias, Gary Henehan

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The effects of heat shock on PPO and POD activity in minimally processed Iceberg lettuce was examined during storage (10 days). The results were compared with the effect of temperature on crude extracts of these enzymes (in vitro analysis). Fresh-cut lettuce washed at 50 °C showed significantly lower PPO and POD activity throughout storage than lettuce washed at 4 °C and 25 °C. These results were consistent with a sensory analysis in which the panellists found the lowest browning scores in those samples treated at 50 °C. When PPO and POD were analysed in vitro, the samples treated …

Development And Validation Of A Food-Frequency Questionnaire For The Determination Of Detailed Fatty Acid Intakes, Maria Cantwell, Michael Gibney, Denis Cronin, Katherine Younger, John O'Neill, Linda Hogan, Mary Flynn

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Objective: To validate a fat intake questionnaire (FIQ) developed to assess habitual dietary intake while focusing on the assessment of detailed fatty acid intake including total trans unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA). Design: An 88 food item/food group FIQ was developed using a meal pattern technique. Validation was achieved by comparison with dietary intake assessed by a modified diet history (DH) in a cross-over design. Eighty-four individuals supplied adipose tissue biopsies for linoleic acid and total TUFA analysis as an independent validation of the FIQ and DH. Setting: Medical Centre, Dublin Airport, Republic of Ireland. Subjects: One hundred and five healthy …

Mcgoliath V. David: The European Court Of Human Rights Recent Equality Of Arms Decision, Monique C. Lillard

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No abstract provided.

What (Not) To Do About Obesity: A Moderate Aristotelian Answer, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Derivatives And The Bankruptcy Code: Why The Special Treatment?, Edward Morrison, Franklin R. Edwards

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The collapse of Long Term Capital Management ("LTCM' in Fall 1998 and the Federal Reserve Bank's subsequent efforts to orchestrate a bailout raise important questions about the structure of the Bankruptcy Code. The Code contains numerous provisions affording special treatment to financial derivatives contracts, the most important of which exempts these contracts from the "automatic stay" and permits counterparties to terminate derivatives contracts with a debtor in bankruptcy and seize underlying collateral. No other counterparty or creditor of the debtor has such freedom; to the contrary, the automatic stay prohibits them from undertaking any act that threatens the debtor's assets. …

Dollars And Death, Eric A. Posner, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

The European Court Of Human Rights Takes A Step Toward Balancing The Arms, Monique C. Lillard

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No abstract provided.

Effect Of Calcium Lactate On Quality, Safety And Nutritional Senescence Parameters Of Minimally Processed Vegetables, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Jesus Maria Frias, Jemina Mulcahy, Gary Henehan, Catherine Barry-Ryan

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Calcium lactate maintained quality senescence indicators, as well as chlorine in Iceberg lettuce, and enhanced nutritional values during storage in sliced carrots better than chlorine. Colour and texture objective measurements did not show differences between treatments for Iceberg lettuce; however there were differences in colour in sliced carrots, showing greater change in colour values in samples treated with chlorine. Calcium lactate washing treatments prevented the bleaching effect on saladcut lettuce and sliced carrots and also diminished the appearance of white surfaces over storage. The ascorbic acid decreased during storage independently of the type of treatment used for both vegetables, however …

Novel Washing Methods To Extend The Quality And Enhance The Nutritional Value Of Minimally Processed Vegetable Products, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Jesus Maria Frias, Jemina Mulcahy, Gary Henehan, Catherine Barry-Ryan

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This paper reports on the development of alternative washing treatments to extend the quality and safety of fresh cut-vegetables and improve their nutritional value. Washing with Ca-lactate (3%) prevented the bleaching effect on salad-cut lettuce and sliced carrots and the appearance of whiteness on the second one normally associated with sodium hypochlorite washing solutions (120 ppm Chlorine). Ca-lactate maintained and enhanced nutritional values during storage, especially in carrots. Sliced carrots treated with Ca-lactate had significant (p

Group Judgments: Statistical Means, Deliberation, And Information Markets, Cass R. Sunstein

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How can groups elicit and aggregate the information held by their individual members? There are three possibilities. Groups might use the statistical mean of individual judgments; they might encourage deliberation; or they might use information markets. In both private and public institutions, deliberation is the standard way of proceeding; but for two reasons, deliberating groups often fail to make good decisions. First, the statements and acts of some group members convey relevant information, and that information often leads other people not to disclose what they know. Second, social pressures, imposed by some group members, often lead other group members to …

Undue Process: Congressional Referral And Judicial Resistance In The Schiavo Controversy Schiavo Case: A Symposium, Adam M. Samaha

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No abstract provided.

From "Predominance" To "Resolvability": A New Approach To Regulating Class Actions, Allan Erbsen

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This Article develops normative and doctrinal innovations to cope with a pivotal yet undertheorized question in most proposed class actions: assuming that a class has adequate representatives, how much variance among class members' circumstances should courts tolerate? Class actions seeking monetary damages would be much less controversial if all class members were identically situated. In an imagined world of perfect homogeneity, shifting from an individualized to an aggregative mode of adjudication would promote efficiency, mitigate collective action problems, and counterbalance defendants' inherent economies-of-scale without sacrificing accuracy or redistributing entitlements among class members. In the real world, however, most classes encompass …

Optimisation Of Calcium Lactate Washing Treatment On Salad-Cut Lettuce: Quality Aspects, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Jemina Mulcahy, Gary Henehan

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Markers of quality retention: colour, texture, browning, texture related enzymes and sensory properties, were analysed during storage. The use of high temperatures (50ºC) showed a positive effect on enzymes related to quality maintenance. It reduced the activity of the browning-related enzymes polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase but it increased the activity of pectin methyl esterase, an enzyme involved in the maintenance of texture. High calcium lactate concentrations (3 %) produced a reduction in the respiration rate of the salad-cut lettuce during storage, but also a loss of luminosity and greenness (a*). The use of high temperatures and intermediate calcium lactate concentrations …

Effect Of Temperature On The Kinetic Behaviour Of Polyphenol Oxidase And Peroxidase In Fresh-Cut Lettuce, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jemina Mulcahy, Gary Henehan, Jesus Maria Frias

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Activity levels for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were exanimate in crude extracts and showed significantly higher values in photosynthetic tissue than in vascular tissue. Time courses at 50 ºC showed a rapid loss of POD activity and a similar but slower loss of PPO activity in all tissue while incubations at 4 ºC and 25 ºC showed no significant loss of activity over the same time period. The thermal treatment of the extracts (50 ºC) caused a decrease in the PPO and POD activities over time, in all the samples. PPO had less dependence on temperature than …

The Problem Of New Uses, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

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Discovering new uses for drugs that are already on the market seems like it ought to be the low-lying fruit of biopharmaceutical research and development (R&D). Firms have already made significant investments in developing these drugs and bringing them to market, including testing them in clinical trials, shepherding them through the FDA regulatory approval process, building production facilities, and training sales staff to market them to physicians. By this point, the drugs have begun to enjoy goodwill among patients and physicians and casual observations in the course of clinical experience may point to potential new uses. One might expect that …

Validation Of A Multiplex Pcr Assay For The Simultaneous Detection Of Human Papillomavirus And Chlamydia Trachomatis In Cervical Preservcyt Samples., Helen Keegan, Alison Malkin, Mairead Griffin, Fergus Ryan, Helen Lambkin

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No abstract provided.

Allocating Developmental Control Among Parent, Child And The State, Emily Buss

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No abstract provided.

Privatizing Reparations, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.

Book Review, Terrorism, Freedom, And Security By Philip B. Heymann, Nicholas Stephanopoulos

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No abstract provided.

In Defense Of The 'Old' Public Health: The Legal Framework For The Regulation Of Public Health, Richard A. Epstein

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The traditional forms of public health law were directed largely toward communicable diseases and other externalities, such as pollution, with negative health impacts. The more modern view treats any health issue as one of public health so long as it affects large numbers of individuals, and this definition includes such matters as obesity and diabetes. This paper examines the historical and constitutional evolution of the public health principle as it moved from the narrower to the broader conception. It then argues that the narrower principle better defines the appropriate scope of coercive government intervention than the broader definition, which could …

The History Of Seafood In Irish Cuisine And Culture, Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire

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Fish is one of the most abundant wild foods available to a small island nation. Certain species of seafood have moved from being ‘poor man’s food’ to ‘luxury food’ over time. It may be said that the Irish do not behave as island people since we have little or no history of exploiting the sea compared to our European partners. Ireland was late developing its fishing industry and now suffers reduced EU fish quotas, the unfortunate but necessary result of decades of over-fishing on European waters. This paper investigates the historical role seafood has played in Irish cuisine and culture …

Valuing Life: A Plea For Disaggregation, Cass R. Sunstein

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Each government agency uses a uniform figure to measure the value of a statistical life (VSL). This is a serious mistake. The very theory that underlies current practice calls for far more individuation of the relevant values. According to that theory, VSL should vary across risks. More controversially, VSL should vary across individuals-even or especially if the result would be to produce a lower number for some people than for others. One practical implication is that a higher value should be given to programs that reduce cancer risks. Another is that government should use a higher VSL for programs that …

The Sub-Commission's Initiative On Human Rights And Intellectual Property, David Weissbrodt, Kell Schoff

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In 2000 the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights adopted a resolution raising concerns about the consistency of international intellectual property protections and human rights norms. This article summarises human rights norms relevant to intellectual property and the pertinent aspects of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, which overlap or potentially conflict. The article provides several examples of potential conflict and how they might be resolved. The article demonstrates that the Sub-Commission resolution helped to initiate a major international discussion and some action on the relationship between human rights and intellectual property.

Microfinance And Financial Development, Michael S. Barr

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Close to three billion people-half of the world's population-live on less than two dollars a day.' Within these poor communities, one child in five will not live to see his or her fifth birthday. To boost international development, the United Nations (UN) announced the Millennium Development Goals, aimed at eradicating poverty by 2015.? A number of countries responded at the International Conference for Financing International Development in Monterrey, Mexico, by creating action plans to begin to implement the Millennium Development Goals.4 Yet the Millennium Development Goals will prove difficult to achieve.1

Chevron And Preemption, Nina A. Mendelson

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This Article takes a more functional approach to reconciling preemption doctrine with Chevron when Congress has not expressly delegated preemptive authority to an agency, an approach that considers a variety of concerns, including political accountability, institutional competence, and related concerns. The Article assumes that federalism values, such as ensuring core state regulatory authority and autonomy, are important and can be protected through political processes." It argues that although Congress's "regional structure" might hint at great sensitivity to state concerns, it actually may lead Congress to undervalue some federalism benefits that are more national in nature. Meanwhile, executive agencies generally have …

Assessment Of Obesity And Fear Of Fatness Among Inner-City Dublin Schoolchildren In A One-Year-Follow-Up Study, Anne Griffin, Katherine Younger, Mary Flynn

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Background: Positive secular trends in adolescent obesity and an increased prevalence of fear of fatness, particularly among girls, have been documented world-wide. There is a lack of consensus about assessment criteria for childhood obesity and no standard exists for assessing Irish children. In 1990, the Irish National Nutrition Survey used body mass index (BMI) $26 kgm22 to describe the prevalence of overweight among Irish adolescents.

Objectives: (1) To examine the range in classification of Dublin schoolchildren as overweight according to four standard assessment methods; (2) to assess changes in weight status, prevalence of fear of fatness and accompanying slimming practices …

Transfer Regulations And Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Eric A. Posner

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Recent scholarship on regulatory oversight has focused on cost-benefit analysis of prescriptive regulations--regulations that restrict behavior such as pollution-and their use to cure market failures, and has overlooked the vast number of transfer regulations. Transfer regulations are regulations that channel funds to beneficiaries. These regulations are authorized by statutes that establish entitlement programs like Medicare and Social Security, pay one-time distributions to victims of misfortunes such as natural disasters and the 9/11 terrorist attack, and fund pork barrel spending. Cost-benefit analysis cannot be used to evaluate transfer regulations because all transfer regulations fail cost-benefit analysis; cost-effectiveness analysis, however, can be …

Why Was Lochner Wrong, David A. Strauss

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No abstract provided.

Libertarian Paternalism Is Not An Oxymoron, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard H. Thaler

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No abstract provided.

The Rights Of Animals, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.