Digital Commons Network^™

The Arts Show Audience: Cultural Confidence And Middlebrow Arts Consumption, Brian O'Neill

Articles

The arts constitute a form of cultural consumption that has been relatively neglected in recent academic discourse in comparison to the burgeoning literature of cultural studies dedicated to popular and mass media forms of culture. This emphasis within cultural studies on popular genres over traditional forms of art, what has been labelled its ‘cultural populism’ (Mc Guigan, 1992), systematically emphasises common, ordinary taste and resistant aesthetic strategies while denigrating ‘high culture’ as an elitist, middle class leisure pursuit that has little relevance to most people (Willis, 1990). Going against this populist tide, this chapter argues that an examination of popular …

Deep Ccd Photometry And The Initial Mass Function Of The Core Of The Ob Cluster Berkeley 86, Hans J. Deeg, Zoran Ninkov

Articles

Based on photometry of deep CCD frames of the central region of the OB cluster Berkeley 86, we derive the cluster mass function. The absence of current star formation, and the cluster's young age of about 6Myrs, leads to the conclusion that the initial mass function (IMF) and the current mass function are identical for stars with m< 10msun_. In the range of 1.2-20msun_, an IMF with a slope of {GAMMA}=-1.3+/-0.3 is found. This value agrees well with other recent determinations of young clusters IMFs which are close to the classical Salpeter IMF with {GAMMA}=-1.35. Sections of the IMF of Berkeley 86 that are significantly steeper, or flatter, are most likely the result of a dip in the star's mass distribution in the range of 3.5-10msun_. Similar dips may have led to steep IMFs over narrow mass ranges, as reported in the literature for some other clusters. No sign for a low mass turn-over in the IMF of Berkeley 86 is found for masses extending down to 0.85 msun _ (Refer to PDF file for exact formulas).

Copyright Law And Electronic Access To Information, Jessica D. Litman

Articles

At the same time as we have been discovering the Internet’s enormous potential to enhance access to information and revolutionize the ways libraries do business, the Internet’s high profile in popular media has made it the focus of a wide spectrum of fears about the future. This paper focuses on pending proposals to amend copyright law to enhance the control copyright owners wield over the appearance of their works on digital networks. These proposals would stifle libraries’ use of the Internet. Libraries and their supporters must participate in the copyright debate, and think creatively about new models for copyright. The …

Refinement Of The Rlab Color Space, Mark Fairchild

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The prediction of color appearance using the RLAB color space has been tested for a variety of viewing conditions and stimulus types. These tests have shown that RLAB performs well for complex stimuli and not-so-well for simple stimuli. This article reviews the various psychophysical results, interprets their differences, and describes evolutionary enhancements to the RLAB model that simplify it and improve its performance.

Political Deliberation, Affirmative Action, And The Supreme Court, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

The Trips Agreement: Imperialistic, Outdated, And Overprotective, Marci A. Hamilton

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According to Professor Hamilton, the TRIPS Agreement constructs international copyright law in the image of Western, Protestant-based capitalist copyright law. She suggests that the Agreement Imposes presuppositions about human value, effort, and reward that contain political, sociological, and legal ramifications. In fact, the Agreement, with its focus upon valuing individual human creative achievement, could spur further developments in Westernbased human rights in the rest of the world. By transplanting Western ideas to the rest of the world, TRIPS may actually encourage anti-authoritarian revolution.

She further suggests that the TRIPS Agreement seeks to establish a free market of intellectual property goods. …

Practice Guidelines For Co-Mediation: Making Certain That “Two Heads Are Better Than One”, Lela P. Love, Joseph B. Stulberg

Articles

Co-mediation can either enhance or diminish the effectiveness of the mediation process. This article outlines advantages and disadvantages of comediation and proposes guidelines for co-mediators to enable maximizing the potential of a co-mediation team.

Rhetoric And Reality In Copyright Law, Stewart E. Sterk

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The article challenges traditional justifications for copyright law, particularly the notions of desert and corrective justice, arguing that these frameworks fail to provide a robust foundation for intellectual property rights. Instead, it posits that the justification for copyright protection must primarily lie in the incentive to promote creative activity. The analysis critiques the application of Lockean labor theory and restitutionary models, emphasizing that distributive justice, which focuses on the moral worth and social contributions of creators, offers a more coherent basis for copyright law.

Does Deafness Lead To Enhancement Of Visual Spatial Cognition In Children? Negative Evidence From Deaf Nonsigners, Ila Parasnis, Vincent Samar, Jeffrey Bettger

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This study investigated whether deafness contributes to enhancement of visual spatial cognition independent of knowledge of a sign language. Congenitally deaf school children in India who were born to hearing parents and were not exposed to any sign language, and matched hearing controls, were given a test of digit span and five tests that measured visual spatial skills. The deaf group showed shorter digit span than the hearing group, consistent with previous studies. Deaf and hearing children did not differ in their performance on the visual spatial skills tests, suggesting that deafness per se may not be a sufficient factor …

Deaf Adults' Attitudes Toward Career Choices For Deaf And Hearing People In India, Ila Parasnis, Vincent Samar, Kalyam Mandke

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This study investigated the expressed attitudes of deaf people in India toward career choices for deaf and hearing people. Deaf adults from Pune, India rated the suitability of 12 professions for deaf and hearing people and gave written comments on the suitability of any other professions they could list. The results, in general, were consistent with those of other studies in the United States, England, Italy, south Africa, and India with hearing teachers and parents of deaf children, which indicated that the hearing status of imagined deaf and hearing advisees selectively influenced attitudes toward the suitability of certain professions. Some …

Combining Pulse Compression And Adaptive Drive Signal Design To Inverse Filter The Transducer System Response And Improve Resolution In Medical Ultrasound, S. Venkatraman, Navalgund Rao

Articles

An adaptive inverse filtering technique has been incorporated into a medical ultrasound B-scan scheme that used a linear frequency modulated pulse for imaging. Resolution improvement is demonstrated with imaging experiments on wire targets and tissue-mimicking phantoms.

The Queuing Theoretical Approach To Groundwater Management, Amitrajeet Batabyal

Articles

RIT community members may access full-text via RIT Libraries licensed databases: http://library.rit.edu/databases/ In this paper I propose and develop a new framework for modeling groundwater management issues. Specifically, I apply the method of queuing theory -- for the first time, to the best of my knowledge -- to model a groundwater management problem from a long-run perspective. I characterize two simple management regimes as two different kinds of queues and then show how to pose a manager's decision problem as an optimization problem using queuing theoretic techniques. I solve for certain fundamental quantities, such as the expected system size, and …

Deaf Supervisors Of Hearing Employees: A Profile In Progress, Susan Foster, Janet Macleod-Gallinger

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Deaf and hard-of-hearing postsecondary graduates from a national technical college were surveyed to identify who among them were supervisors of primarily hearing employees. The sample was selected based on past job information they provided and referrals solicited from the college community. Questions about current job title, span of responsibility, comm8unication modes, and supervisory experience were included to identify graduates who met our supervisor criteria. A profile of these graduates is provided along with discussion of the positive and negative aspects they associated with supervising other employees. Outcomes from this phase of the study will be used as a guide to …

A Mathematical Model Of Growth Factor Induced Capillary Growth In The Retina, Sophia Maggelakis, Andreas Savakis

Articles

Abnormal capillary growth in the retina has been recently associated with the presence of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The production of VEGF is a result of oxygen starvation in the retina, which can take place as a consequence of inadequate capillary growth in premature babies or clogged capillaries in diabetics. When VEGF levels rise, they trigger abnormal blood vessel growth across the retina, and may cause damage, and sometimes permanent loss of vision. In this paper, a mathematical model that examines the effects of VEGF on the growth of retinal capillaries is presented. The model directly relates the …

Deaf People In Today's Workplace: Use Of The Ada And Mediation Processes In Resolving Barriers To Participation, R. Greg Emerton, Susan Foster, Jennifer Gravitz

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No abstract provided.

An Mtf Analysis Of Papers, Jonathan Arney, Charles Arney, Miako Katsube

Articles

Resolution and tone reproduction characteristics of all hard copy images on paper are significantly influenced by the way light scatters in the paper. However, little has been published on experimental techniques for measuring light scattering and resolution characteristics of paper. Three experimental techniques are discussed in the current work. The first is a direct measure of paper MTF by microdensitometric scans of illuminated edges projected onto the paper. This technique is tedious and of intrinsically low precision. The second technique is based on Kubelka-Munk theory and derives MTF behavior from the Kubelka-Munk equations and experimental measurements of paper reflectance. This …

Hole Removal In High-Ph-Induced Reduction-Sensitized Silver Bromide Grains, A. Gary Difrancesco, Monica Tyne, Chris Pryor

Articles

High-pH-induced reduction sensitization was used to form silver clusters on the surfaces of octahedral silver bromide grains. This method had the advantage of not leaving unreacted reducing agent in the emulsion, which could cause further silver cluster formation over time. Diffuse reflection spectroscopy measurements showed these silver clusters to be similar to those formed by dimethylamine borane and SnCl2, except that the absorption peaks were noticeably less intense. Large emulsion grains sensitized in this manner benefited most from the hole-removal ability of the silver clusters. The result was a linear relationship between speed and grain volume for edge lengths 0.28 …

Spectroscopic And Sensitometric Studies Of Chemically Produced Silver Clusters, Shilin Guo, Richard Hailstone

Articles

The reducing agents dimethylamineborane and SnCl[2] were used to produce silver clusters chemically in an AgBr emulsion. These silver clusters were detected with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at photographically relevant sensitizer concentrations, and their reflectance at 476 nm correlated well with the effects of these reducing agents on photographic sensitivity. Spectroscopy was used to monitor the photochemical reactions of these silver clusters. A portion of the 476-nm peak derived from the Kubelka-Munk transform of the reflectance spectra could be photobleached using band-gap excitation, indicating that some of the silver clusters were destroyed by photogenerated holes. However, some silver clusters did not …

Modeling The Yule-Nielsen Halftone Effect, Jonathan Arney, Charles Arney, Peter Engeldrum

Articles

The Yule-Nielsen effect, also called optical dot gain, is a nonlinear relationship between the reflectance of a halftone image and the fractional dot area of the halftone dots. Two models of the Yule-Nielsen effect are examined. The first is an empirical model previously described in the literature, and the second is an a priori model derived for an idealized halftone line system in one spatial dimension. Both are shown to model halftone behavior well. By combining the two models we derive that a semiempirical function establishes a simple connection between the magnitude of the Yule-Nielsen effect and independently measurable scattering …

Fianna Fail And The Origins Of The Irish Press, Catherine Curran

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No abstract provided.

Mitigation, Mercy, And Delay: The Moral Politics Of Death Penalty Abolitionists, Anthony V. Alfieri

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No abstract provided.

Precommitment Politics, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.

Public Deliberation, Affirmative Action, And The Supreme Court, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Coalitions And Quakes: Disaster Relief And Its Prevention, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.

Using The J Language For Nn And Ga Experiments, Peter G. Anderson

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"Using the J language for NN and GA experiments," Proceedings of the International ICSC Symposium on Intelligent Industrial Automation (IIA'96) and Soft Computing (SOCO'96). The International Computing Sciences Conventions. Held in Reading, United Kingdom: 26-28 March 1996. We introduce the programming language J and show its applicability for experimenting with neural networks and genetic algorithms. We illustrate the use of J with complete programs for perceptron and back propagation learning.

Twenty Years Of Undergraduate Libraries: Whence And Whither?, Mark Watson, Jody Bales Foote, Roland Person

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Undergraduate libraries as part of university library systems have existed since 1949, but there is little statistical data prior to 1971. This study examines statistics reported since that time, supplemented with electronic mail surveying, to show how such libraries have responded to the changing needs of an undergraduate population. The results show that change, and rapid response to external forces, are hallmarks of undergraduate libraries past and present.

Review Essay: Interrogating Identity, Mary I. Coombs

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No abstract provided.

Cheaters, Not Criminals: Antitrust Invalidation Of Statutes Outlawing Sports Agent Recruitment Of Student Athletes, Ricardo J. Bascuas

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No abstract provided.

Constitutional Caution The Law Of Cyberspace, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

How Free Is Speech At Work?, Mary E. Becker

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No abstract provided.