Digital Commons Network^™

Bathroom Laws As Status Crimes, Stephen Rushin, Jenny E. Carroll

Articles

A growing number of American jurisdictions have considered laws that prohibit trans individuals from using bathroom facilities consistent with their gender identities Several scholars have criticized these socalled "bathroom laws" as a form of discrimination in violation of federal law Few scholars though have considered the criminal justice implications of these proposalsBy analyzing dozens of proposed bathroom laws this Article explores how many laws do more than stigmatize the trans community"”they effectively criminalize them Some of these proposed laws would establish new categories of criminal offenses for trans individuals who use bathrooms consistent with their gender identity Others would transform …

Symposium: Conference On The Ethics Of Legal Scholarship: Introduction, Carissa Byrne Hessick, Paul Horwitz, Chad Oldfather

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No abstract provided.

Saving Lives, Shalini Bhargava Ray

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No abstract provided.

Positive Pluralism Now Review, Paul Horwitz

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No abstract provided.

How To Use Analogies For Creative Business Modelling, Ryan Rumble, Niall Minto

Articles

Purpose

This paper aims to present a method for interpreting and reinterpreting business models as analogies to support the creation of new business model ideas.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the literature on cognitive frames and attention to demonstrate the often-overlooked potential of analogies. From this, the authors derive practical recommendations for the use of analogies in creative business model design.

Findings

Managers can design creative business models by seeking multiple interpretations of the way other businesses create and capture value.

Originality/value

Business model frameworks are commonplace, but there is little discussion on how to use them effectively. Furthermore, while analogies …

Health Care For All In Ireland? The Consequences Of Politics For Health Policy, Vivienne Byers

Articles

The Irish health-care system is a complicated mix of public and private providers, with inequitable and unclear routes for health-service users to access and navigate the system. In 2011, the Irish Government committed to significant health reform to develop a universal single-tier health system. In line with other European nations this was to be underpinned by the principle of social solidarity, with equitable access based on need rather than ability to pay. The road to this reform and its recent collapse highlights the practical implications of political and policy choices in health care, and has implications for financing and delivery, …

Hypoxia Reduces The Pathogenicity Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa By Decreasing The Expression Of Multiple Virulence Factors, Bettina Schaible, Javier Rodriguez, Amaya Garcia, Alexander Von Kriegsheim, Siobhan Mcclean, Caitríona Hickey, Ciara E. Keogh, Eric Brown, Kirsten Schaffer, Alexis Broquet, Cormac T. Taylor

Articles

Our understanding of how the course of opportunistic bacterial infection is influenced by the microenvironment is limited. We demonstrate that the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains derived from acute clinical infections is higher than that of strains derived from chronic infections, where tissues are hypoxic. Exposure to hypoxia attenuated the pathogenicity of strains from acute (but not chronic) infections, implicating a role for hypoxia in regulating bacterial virulence. Mass spectrometric analysis of the secretome of P. aeruginosa derived from an acute infection revealed hypoxia-induced repression of multiple virulence factors independent of altered bacterial growth. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lacking the Pseudomonas prolyl-hydroxylase …

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Enhances Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Formation, Potentially Contributing To Cystic Fibrosis Pathogenesis, Aisling Tynan, Leona Mawhinney, Michelle Armstrong, Ciaran O'Reilly, Sarah Kennedy

Articles

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key proinflammatory mediator that we have previously shown to be associated with an aggressive clinical phenotype in cystic fibrosis. It possesses unique tautomerase enzymatic activity. However, to date, no human-derived substrate has been identified that has the capacity to interact with this cytokine's unique tautomerase activity. This led us to hypothesize that MIF may have the capacity to interact with external substrates. We describe for the first time how Pseudomonas aeruginosa can utilize human recombinant MIF (rMIF) to significantly (P < 0.01) enhance its endogenous biofilm formation. Our in vivo studies demonstrate that utilizing a small-molecular-weight inhibitor targeting MIF's tautomerase activity (SCD-19) significantly reduces the inflammatory response in a murine pulmonary chronic P. aeruginosa model. In addition, we show that in in vitro experiments, pretreatment of P. aeruginosa with rMIF is associated with reduced bacterial killing by tobramycin. Our novel findings support the concept of an anti-MIF strategy that targets this enzymatic activity as a potential future antibacterial therapeutic approach.-Tynan, A., Mawhinney, L., Armstrong, M. E., O'Reilly, C., Kennedy, S., Caraher, E., Jülicher, K., O'Dwyer, D., Maher, L., Schaffer, K., Fabre, A., McKone, E. F., Leng, L., Bucala, R., Bernhagen, J., Cooke, G., Donnelly, S. C. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, potentially contributing to cystic fibrosis pathogenesis.

Isolation And Spectroscopic Characterization Of Zn(Ii), Cu(Ii), And Pd(Ii) Complexes Of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-Derived Ligand, Dariusz Karcz, Arkadiusz Matwijczuk, Bozena Boron, Bernadette Creaven, Leszek Fiedor, Andrzej Niewiadomy, Mariusz Gagos

Articles

A series of complexes incorporating Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pd(II) ions, and 4-(5-heptyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (L1) as model ligand, was synthesized in order to examine the nature of potential interactions between biologically active ligands, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and metal ions with proven biological relevance. The structures of the compounds isolated were characterized using a number of spectroscopic methods including IR, Uv–vis, AAS, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF). The results obtained suggest that the L1-Zn(II) and L1-Pd(II) complexes consist of one molecule of L1 and one acetate ion acting as ligands, while the L1-Cu(II) complex adapts a 2:1 (L1: metal) stoichiometry. The coordination of L1 …

Testing Tarnishment In Trademark And Copyright Law: The Effect Of Pornographic Versions Of Protected Marks And Works Of Pornographic Versions Of Protected Marks And Work, Christopher Buccafusco, Paul J. Heald, Wen Bu

Articles

Federal and state law both provide a cause of action against inappropriate and unauthorized uses that ‘tarnish’ a trademark. Copyright owners also articulate fears of ‘tarnishing’ uses of their works in their arguments against fair use and for copyright term extension. The validity of these concerns rests on an empirically testable hypothesis about how consumers respond to inappropriate unauthorized uses of works. In particular, the tarnishment hypothesis assumes that consumers who are exposed to inappropriate uses of a work will find the tarnished work less valuable afterwards. This Article presents two experimental tests of the tarnishment hypothesis, focusing on unauthorized …

How Privacy Distorted Standing Law, Felix T. Wu

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No abstract provided.

Cosmopolitan Democracy And The Detention Of Immigrant Families, Rebecca Sharpless

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No abstract provided.

Beyond The Great Divide: Federalism Concerns In Municipal Insolvency, Andrew B. Dawson

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No abstract provided.

The Desert Of The Unreal: Inequality In Virtual And Augmented Reality, Mary Anne Franks

Articles

The world we live in is structured by inequality: of gender, race, class, sexual orientation, disability, and more. Virtual and augmented reality technologies hold out the promise of a more perfect world, one that offers us more stimulation, more connection, more freedom, more equality than the "real" world. But for such technologies to be truly innovative, they must move us beyond our current limitations and prejudices. When existing inequalities are unacknowledged and unaddressed in the "real" world, they tend to be replicated and augmented in virtual realities. We make new worlds based on who we are and what we do …

Trading Spaces: The Changing Role Of The Executive In U.S. Trade Lawmaking, Kathleen Claussen

Articles

Since the earliest days of the republic, the U.S. executive has wielded a significant but constitutionally bounded influence on the direction of U.S. trade law. In the twenty-first century, the growth of free trade agreements has led to an institutionalization of trade norms that permits the executive many more spaces for engagement with trading partners. In addition, other types of quotidian lawmaking extend the power of the executive in both public and hidden spaces beyond congressional delegation, even as that power remains substantially bounded by congressional control. This Article analyzes the dynamics between the branches that will direct future U.S. …

"Revenge Porn" Reform: A View From The Front Lines, Mary Anne Franks

Articles

The legal and social landscape of "revenge porn" has changed dramatically in the last few years. Before 2013, only three states criminalized the unauthorized disclosure of sexually explicit images of adults and few people had ever heard the ternm "revenge porn." As of July 2017, thirty-eight states and Washington, D.C. had criminalized the conduct; federal criminal legislation on the issue had been introduced in Congress; Google, Facebook, and Twitter had banned nonconsensual pornography from their platforms; and the term "revenge porn" had been added to the Merriam- Webster Dictionary. I have had the privilege of playing a role in many …

Sexual Minorities In Legal Academia: A Retrospection On Community, Action, Remembrance, And Liberation, Francisco Valdes

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No abstract provided.

Lessons Learned Too Well: Anonymity In A Time Of Surveillance, A. Michael Froomkin

Articles

It is no longer reasonable to assume that electronic communications can be kept private from governments or private-sector actors. In theory, encryption can protect the content of such communications, and anonymity can protect the communicator's identity. But online anonymity-one of the two most important tools that protect online communicative freedom-is under practical and legal attack all over the world. Choke-point regulation, online identification requirements, and data-retention regulations combine to make anonymity very difficult as a practical matter and, in many countries, illegal. Moreover, key internet intermediaries further stifle anonymity by requiring users to disclose their real names.

This Article traces …

The Weaponized Lawsuit Against The Media: Litigation Funding As A New Threat To Journalism, Lili Levi

Articles

This Article identifies a new front in the current war against the media one in which billionaire private actors clandestinely fund other people's lawsuits in an attempt to censor press entities. The use of strategic litigation to shutter media outlets constitutes a major threat to the expressive order. And the current climate of press failures, institutional disaggregation, decreasing accountability journalism, and declining public trust-the very vulnerability of the press today-significantly amplifies the chilling impact of strategic third party funding. It does so whether the strategy is death-by-a-thousand litigations or titanic, bankruptcy-inducing damage verdicts.

Still, contrary to the assertions of both …

The Antitrust Jurisprudence Of Neil Gorsuch, John M. Newman

Articles

In 2017, the U.S. Senate confirmed Neil M. Gorsuch's nomination to serve on the Supreme Court. Like Justice Stevens before him, Gorsuch's primary area of expertise is antitrust law. Like Stevens, Gorsuch both practiced and taught in the field before joining the bench. As a judge for the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, Gorsuch penned multiple substantive antitrust opinions.

His unique expertise will likely situate Gorsuch as one of the Court's leading voices on antitrust matters for decades to come. A close examination of his prior antitrust opinions thus offers vital insight into his approach to antitrust principles and execution. …

You Say Embargo, I Say Bloqueo - A Policy Recommendation For Promoting Foreign Direct Investment And Safeguarding Human Rights In Cuba, Marcia Narine Weldon

Articles

The United States is the only major industrialized nation that restricts trade with Cuba. Although President Obama issued several executive orders that have facilitated limited trade (and President Trump has scaled some back), an embargo remains in place, and by law, Congress cannot lift it until, among other things, the Cuban government commits to democratization and human rights reform. Unfortunately, the Cuban and U.S. governments fundamentally disagree on the definition of "human rights, " and neither side has shown a willingness to compromise. Meanwhile, although some US. investors clamor to join their European and Canadian counterparts in expanding operations in …

Exploiting Conservation Lands: Can Hydrofracking Be Consistent With Conservation Easements, Jessica Owley, Collin Doane

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No abstract provided.

Un Nino Judio En El Equipo: Futbol E Identidad En Pelota De Trap (De Leopoldo Torres Rios), Mirna Vohnsen

Articles

Este art ículo se centra en la representación de Abrahamcito, un niño judío que aparece en la película argentina Pelota de trapo (Leopoldo Torres Ríos, 1948). Se explora la relación que el niño tiene con su padre y los demás niños del vecindario, así como también la manera en que el fútbol como metáfora de integración promueve una alianza superior a cualquier otra. Se demuestra que Abrahamcito, quien hace frente a los ideales de su padre y se une a los otros niños en los juegos de pelota, forja su identidad de pertenencias múltiples en la que integra su identidad …

An Equal Rights Amendment For The Twenty-First Century: Bringing Global Constitutionalism Home, Julie C. Suk

Articles

The last few years have seen a renewed push to constitutionalize sex equality in the United States. A generation after the federal Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the requisite number of states, the ERA is on the platform of the 2017 Women's March on Washington. Oregon added a sex equality guarantee to its state constitution in 2014, joining 22 state constitutions and most constitutions around the world. Feminist coalitions, Hollywood celebrities, and members of Congress are vocally endorsing an ERA revival. Why is an ERA desired now, when judges have interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit …

How Strange The Change From Major To Minor, Peter Goodrich

Articles

No abstract provided.

Maternal Nutrient Intakes From Food And Drinks Consumed In Early Pregnancy In Ireland, Laura Mullaney, Shona Cawley, Rachel Kennedy, Amy C. O'Higgins, Daniel Mccartney, Michael J. Turner

Articles

Background: The aim of this observational study was to measure food, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes of women presenting for antenatal care and assess compliance with current nutritional recommendations.

Sinapinic And Protocatechuic Acids Found In Rapeseed: Isolation, Characterisation And Potential Benefits For Human Health As Functional Food Ingredients, Leah Quinn, Steven G. Gray, Steve Meaney, Steven Fiinn, Owen Kenny, Maria Hayes

Articles

Rapeseed is a globally valuable crop, and its production has steadily grown over the past 20 yr. Rapeseed is cultivated in China, India, Canada and Europe; however, in terms of rapeseed production, Europe is the largest producer (Carre, 2014). In the year 2013/2014, the European Union (EU) produced 9.93 million t of rapeseed oil, while China produced 6.58 million t (List, 2015). A by-product of the rapeseed oil industry, rapeseed meal contains bioactive constituents, such as the phenolics sinapinic acid (SA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA), which have potential uses as functional food ingredients and for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical …

Justice Scalia, The Establishment Clause, And Christian Privilege, Caroline Mala Corbin

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No abstract provided.

Who Really Said What? Mobile Historical Situated Documentary As Liminal Learning Space, Owen Gottlieb

Articles

This article explores the complexities and affordances of historical representation that arose in the process of designing a mobile augmented reality video game for teaching history. The process suggests opportunities to push the historical documentary form in new ways. Specifically, the article addresses the shifting liminal space between historical fiction narrative, and historical interactive documentary narrative. What happens when primary sources, available for examination are placed inside of a historically inspired narrative, one that hews closely to the events, but creates drama through dialogues between player and historical figure? In this relatively new field of interactive historical situated documentary, how …

Auditory Fatigue Model Applications To Predict Noise Induced Hearing Loss In Human And Chinchilla, Pengfei Sun, Daniel Fox, Kathleen Campbell, Jun Qin

Articles

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains a severe health problem worldwide. Current noise metrics and models have assessment limitations on gradually developing NIHL (GDNIHL). In this study, we apply a complex velocity level (CVL) auditory fatigue model to quantitatively assess the impact of basilar membrane (BM) movement on GDNIHL. The transfer functions of chinchilla and human auditory systems, including the triple-path nonlinear (TRNL) filters to simulate the inner ear responses, are applied to obtain BM velocity distribution. Chinchilla and human experimental hearing loss data are used to validate the proposed CVL model’s effectiveness. The results reveal that the developed CVL …