Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (1349)
- Law (699)
- Engineering (401)
- Physics (367)
- Mathematics (320)
-
- Computer Sciences (251)
- Chemistry (241)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (197)
- Life Sciences (178)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (162)
- Applied Mathematics (108)
- Environmental Sciences (104)
- Optics (93)
- Education (86)
- Food Science (85)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (73)
- Partial Differential Equations (59)
- Non-linear Dynamics (57)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (55)
- Materials Chemistry (55)
- Business (50)
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (48)
- Biological and Chemical Physics (48)
- Statistics and Probability (48)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (47)
- Computer Engineering (45)
- Science and Technology Law (43)
- Arts and Humanities (38)
- Astrophysics and Astronomy (38)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (36)
- Institution
-
- Technological University Dublin (1767)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (343)
- University of Chicago Law School (247)
- University of Michigan Law School (177)
- University of Miami Law School (82)
-
- University of Minnesota Law School (63)
- Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law (60)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (49)
- University of Alabama School of Law (46)
- University of Washington School of Law (44)
- UIdaho Law (21)
- Mercer University School of Law (6)
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (4)
- World Maritime University (4)
- Munster Technological University (3)
- National Law School of India University (3)
- Corewell Health (2)
- Utah State University (2)
- Fordham Law School (1)
- Liberty University (1)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (1)
- University of Baltimore Law (1)
- Keyword
-
- Raman spectroscopy (36)
- Holography (33)
- Machine learning (24)
- Photopolymers (20)
- Artificial intelligence (17)
-
- Technology (17)
- Abelian groups (16)
- Language (16)
- Photopolymer (16)
- Solitons (16)
- Simulation (15)
- Ultrasound (15)
- Ireland (13)
- Nanoparticles (13)
- Education (12)
- Lawyers (12)
- Modelling (12)
- Photocatalysis (12)
- United States Supreme Court (12)
- Climate change (11)
- Logic (11)
- Mathematics (11)
- Raman Spectroscopy (11)
- Cytotoxicity (10)
- Economics (10)
- Empirical studies (10)
- Regulation (10)
- Risk (10)
- Spectroscopy (10)
- Statistics (10)
- Publication Year
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 2581 - 2610 of 2927
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Experimental Observation Of Individual Single Wall Nanotube Species By Raman Microscopy, G. S. Duesberg, W. Blau, Hugh Byrne, J. Muster, M. Burghard, S. Roth
Experimental Observation Of Individual Single Wall Nanotube Species By Raman Microscopy, G. S. Duesberg, W. Blau, Hugh Byrne, J. Muster, M. Burghard, S. Roth
Articles
Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) or small ropes of SWNTs with the same diameter have been characterised by Raman spectroscopy. Highly pure, length-selected SWNTs adsorbed onto substrates designed for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy were investigated with a Raman microscope. Various spectra, each with a distinct sharp peak in the radial breathing mode area and four C–C stretching modes could be observed. The modes also showed a strong variation in the relative intensities. In correlation with theoretical predictions this should establish Raman microscopy as a non-destructive nano-technological tool, capable of determining the diameter, symmetry and position of individual SWNTs.
The Hedgehog And The Fox: Distinguishing Public And Private Sector Approaches To Managing Risk For Internet Transactions, Jane Kaufman Winn
The Hedgehog And The Fox: Distinguishing Public And Private Sector Approaches To Managing Risk For Internet Transactions, Jane Kaufman Winn
Articles
In his essay The Hedgehog and the Fox, Isaiah Berlin used an ancient Greek proverb comparing these animals as a metaphor to express a deep division among thinkers and writers in their understanding of the human condition. In this essay, I extend the metaphor to contrast the differing approaches to risk management taken by the public sector in the exercise of its sovereign functions and that taken by members of the private sector in the conduct of commercial transactions. In light of the differences in these basic approaches to questions of risk management, I will evaluate some widely discussed …
Use Of Excel To Obtain Voltammetric Information On Microelectrodes, Enda Howard, John Cassidy
Use Of Excel To Obtain Voltammetric Information On Microelectrodes, Enda Howard, John Cassidy
Articles
The use of curve fitting for the analysis and interpretation of voltammetric data obtained while working with micro electrodes is discussed as a useful exercise for introducing students to the principle of problem solving using least-squares curve-fitting techniques. The advantages associated with this approach to data processing over the approach where the limiting current (i L) alone is used are discussed and its limitations are highlighted. This technique was applied to the determination of unknown concentrations of ferrocyanide and the most satisfactory recovery of concentrations was found when both the va1ues of the formal potential (EO') and concentration ( C) …
Airline Overbooking In The Multi-Class Case, Joseph Coughlan
Airline Overbooking In The Multi-Class Case, Joseph Coughlan
Articles
This paper presents an airline overbooking model at a class level for one servcie compartment-cabin. Class level demand data i sused to determine the number of bookings that can be taken for each class. The model is optimised through the use of mulit-dimentsional search routines. The control level model developed is tested with data supplied by Ireland's national airline, Aer Lingus. The model shows a significant improvement over previous methods employed by Aer Lingus and was subsequently adopted by the airline.
Against Free-Form Formalism, David M. Golove
Against Free-Form Formalism, David M. Golove
Articles
Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution provides that the President shall have the power to make treaties by and with the consent of two-thirds of tie Senate. Yet, most of the international agreements into which the United States has entered over the last fifty years, including NAFTA and the WTO Agreement, have been concluded as congressional-executive agreements-a procedure by which the President submits an agreement to both houses of Congress for simple majority approvaL In an article in the Harvard Law Review entitled "Is NAFTA Constitutional?," Professors Bruce Ackerman and David Golove attempted to provide this practice with constitutionalfoundations. …
Measured Stark Widths And Shifts Of Several Niii Sectral Lines: Temperature Dependence, Stevan Djenize, Vladimir Milosavljevic
Measured Stark Widths And Shifts Of Several Niii Sectral Lines: Temperature Dependence, Stevan Djenize, Vladimir Milosavljevic
Articles
Stark parameters (width and shift) of four doubly ionized nitrogen spectral lines, that belong to 3s-3p and 3p-3d transitions (lower multiplets), have been measured in a linear pulsed, low pressure, arc discharge in the nitrogen-oxygen and helium-nitrogen-oxygen plasmas in a (30 000 - 54 000) K electron temperature and a (0.75 1023 - 2.8 1023) electron density ranges. The measured values have been compared to the existing experimental and calculated data.
Diversity Combining In Antenna Array Base Station Receiver For Ds/Cdma System, C. H. Gowda, V. Annampedu, R. Viswanathan
Diversity Combining In Antenna Array Base Station Receiver For Ds/Cdma System, C. H. Gowda, V. Annampedu, R. Viswanathan
Articles
We evaluate using simulation studies the performance of several schemes for combining base station antenna array signals in wireless direct sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA). The results indicate that under certain assumptions, on multiple access interference statistics, the probability of error of modified rank test (MRT) is lower than that of equal gain combining (EGC), if a few high power interfering users are present along with a low power user of interest. If there are a moderately large number of users, and if the received power of all the users are nearly the same, then EGC out performs MRT. In …
The Problematics Of Moral And Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner
The Problematics Of Moral And Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner
Articles
In these Holmes Lectures, delivered a century after the publication of Oliver Wendell Holmes's great essay The Path of the Law, Judge Posner argues for an essentially Holmesian conception of the proper relations among modern normative moral philosophy ("academic moralism"), morality, and law. Academic moralism, he argues, lacks either the intellectual cogency or the emotional power to change people's beliefs or behavior; the power to do so resides in "moral entrepreneurs," which academic moralists emphatically are not. Academic moralism's lack of cogency disqualifies it to guide judicial decisionmaking even - in fact, especially - in cases involving controversial moral issues, …
Multilongitudinal-Mode Dynamics In A Semiconductor Laser Subject To Optical Injection, J.K. White, Jerome Moloney, Athanasios Gavrielides
Multilongitudinal-Mode Dynamics In A Semiconductor Laser Subject To Optical Injection, J.K. White, Jerome Moloney, Athanasios Gavrielides
Articles
Multilongitudinal-mode dynamics in a semiconductor laser subject to optical injection are investigated both experimentally and numerically. We found that there are parameter regimes for which the slave laser hops into an adjacent longitudinal mode as we vary the detuning of the optical frequencies between the master and slave laser. A traveling wave model is used to numerically investigate the mode hopping. Good qualitative agreement is found between the numerical computations and the experimental observations.
Bankruptcy's Uncontested Axioms, Douglas G. Baird
Protecting Property With Legal Remedies: A Common Sense Reply To Professor Ayres, Richard A. Epstein
Protecting Property With Legal Remedies: A Common Sense Reply To Professor Ayres, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
Reply To Critics Of The Problematics Of Moral And Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner
Reply To Critics Of The Problematics Of Moral And Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner
Articles
No abstract provided.
Race And Selective Prosecution: Discovering The Pitfalls Of Armstrong, Richard H. Mcadams
Race And Selective Prosecution: Discovering The Pitfalls Of Armstrong, Richard H. Mcadams
Articles
No abstract provided.
Judicial Review Of Discount Rates Used In Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, Edward Morrison
Judicial Review Of Discount Rates Used In Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis, Edward Morrison
Articles
No abstract provided.
Article 2b As Legal Software For Electronic Contracting-Operating System Or Trojan Horse?, A. Michael Froomkin
Article 2b As Legal Software For Electronic Contracting-Operating System Or Trojan Horse?, A. Michael Froomkin
Articles
The proposed draft of Article 2B of the Uniform Commercial Code can be thought of as akin to a complex computer software suite which seeks to dominate a market by offering all things to all people. The author suggests, however, that Article 2B's electronic contracting rules interoperate poorly with existing digital signature laws, and with some forms of electronic commerce. The author also questions whether Article 2B is the proper means to enact controversial rules that ordinarily would make consumers liable for fraudulent uses of their digital signatures by third parties. After considering Article 2B's potential interaction with existing digital …
Comparative Advantage And The Normative Economics Of International Trade Policy, Alan O. Sykes
Comparative Advantage And The Normative Economics Of International Trade Policy, Alan O. Sykes
Articles
No abstract provided.
At The End Of Palsgraf, There Is Chaos: An Assessment Of Proximate Cause In Light Of Chaos Theory, Edward S. Adams, Gordon B. Brumwell, James A. Glazier
At The End Of Palsgraf, There Is Chaos: An Assessment Of Proximate Cause In Light Of Chaos Theory, Edward S. Adams, Gordon B. Brumwell, James A. Glazier
Articles
Palsgraf articulated the doctrine of proximate cause, necessary to prove the tort of negligence. Palsgraf needs to be reexamined in light of today's understanding of cause and effect. The case concerned a woman (Mrs. Palsgraf) standing on a train platform who was injured by a roof tile that fell as the result of the vibrations caused by the explosion of another passenger's package. Mrs. Palsgraf sued the railway for negligence and prevailed at the trial court level. The New York Court of Appeals reversed the trial court, however, holding that the railway company's actions were not the proximate cause of …
Constructing A Jury That Is Both Impartial And Representative: Utilizing Cumulative Voting In Jury Selection, Edward S. Adams, Christian J. Lane
Constructing A Jury That Is Both Impartial And Representative: Utilizing Cumulative Voting In Jury Selection, Edward S. Adams, Christian J. Lane
Articles
One of the main and ongoing problems plaguing the American jury system has been ensuring that juries in civil and criminal trials are truly representative of the communities in which they serve. Historically, minorities have been disproportionately excluded from jury service. This shortfall results from a combination of factors at each stage of the juror identification process. At the jury pool stage, juror notification methods often fail to identify or reach minorities for tie simple reason that minorities generally are poorer and more transient. At the venire stage, those minorities who actually receive notification report to the courthouse at a …
30 <= R(3,3,4) <= 31, Konrad Piwakowski, Stanislaw Radziszowski
30 <= R(3,3,4) <= 31, Konrad Piwakowski, Stanislaw Radziszowski
Articles
With the help of computer algorithms, we improve the upper bound on the classical three color Ramsey number R(3,3,4), and thus we show that the exact value of this number is 30 or 31. We also present computer enumeration of all 3-colorings of edges on at least 14 vertices without monochromatic triangles.
Upper Bounds For Some Ramsey Numbers R(3, K), Stanislaw Radziszowski, Donald Kreher
Upper Bounds For Some Ramsey Numbers R(3, K), Stanislaw Radziszowski, Donald Kreher
Articles
Using several computer algorithms we calculate some values and bounds for the function e(3, k, n), the minimum number of edges in a triangle-free graphs on n vertices with no independent set of size k. As a consequence, the following new upper bounds for the classical two color Ramsey numbers are obtained: R(3,10)<=43, R(3,11)<=51, R(3,12)<=60, R(3,13)<=69 and R(3,14)<=78.
Evaluation Of Implicit Numerical Methods For Building Energy Simulation, Michael Crowley, Saleem Hashmi
Evaluation Of Implicit Numerical Methods For Building Energy Simulation, Michael Crowley, Saleem Hashmi
Articles
The stability of numerical methods used for finite-difference thermal modelling of buildings is discussed. A known instability in a commonly used process is described and alternative numerical methods with suitable stability properties are identified. With a view to selecting the optimum numerical method, the building energy simulation problem is characterized mathematically and appropriate implicit solvers are compared on the basis of accuracy and computational effort using a building related test problem prepared for this purpose. A recently developed numerical method with the necessary strong stability is found to possess higher computational efficiency than methods frequently used in this application and …
Strategies For Evaluating Software Usability, Ronan Fitzpatrick
Strategies For Evaluating Software Usability, Ronan Fitzpatrick
Articles
This paper presents a usage analysis and taxonomy of methods which are used to evaluate the usability of computer systems. To accommodate the analysis and taxonomy, a matrix of strategies which can be used for effective usability evaluation is presented. Such an analysis, taxonomy and strategies support human-computer interaction (HCI) professionals who have the responsibility for ensuring computer system usability. The strategies outlined are named Virtual Engineering, Soft Modelling, Hard Review and Real World. This paper also uses a composite set of existing popular generic evaluation methods which can be used as part of these strategies. The methods used are …
Logic And Elements. (Premises And Conclusions: Symbolic Logic For Legal Analysis)." , Richard D. Friedman
Logic And Elements. (Premises And Conclusions: Symbolic Logic For Legal Analysis)." , Richard D. Friedman
Articles
We may happily agree with Holmes that logic is not the life of the law' and yet contend that logic should play a significant role in legal discourse. Logic cannot demonstrate the truth of premises, and so by itself it cannot demonstrate the merits of a legal argument. Moreover, even given the premises, it may be that a leap of faith, or intuition, has an irreducible role at least in some good legal arguments.2 But at least a sound legal argument will not be an illogical one. An argument will not be persuasive if it appears to violate basic principles …
Economic Analysis Of Evidentiary Law: An Underused Tool, An Underplowed Field (Symposium: The Economics Of Evidentiary Law), Richard D. Friedman
Economic Analysis Of Evidentiary Law: An Underused Tool, An Underplowed Field (Symposium: The Economics Of Evidentiary Law), Richard D. Friedman
Articles
The law and economics movement has had a major impact on many areas of law, but rather little on the law of evidence. This is not to say that there have been no attempts to analyze evidentiary issues through an economic lens,' but such efforts are far more scattered in evidence than in other legal fields, including the closely related one of civil procedure.2 Believing that economics has value for evidentiary analysis, I suggested to the Executive Committee and Advisory Board of the Evidence Section of the Association of American Law Schools ("AALS"), when I was chairman of the section, …
A Populist Critique Of Direct Democracy, Sherman J. Clark
A Populist Critique Of Direct Democracy, Sherman J. Clark
Articles
It is often assumed that direct democratic processes - referenda and initiatives - offer the people a chance to speak more clearly than is possible through representative processes. Courts, commentators, and political leaders have defended or described direct democratic outcomes as the voice of the "people themselves." Because plebiscites allow the people to speak directly, without the potential distortion inherent in representation, they seem ideally responsive to popular will. Indeed, even critics of direct democracy appear to grant as much. Critics are quick to point out, of course, that actual plebiscites often fall far short of the ideal. Uneven voter …
On Unit Sum Number Of Rings And Modules, Brendan Goldsmith, S. Pabst, A. Scott
On Unit Sum Number Of Rings And Modules, Brendan Goldsmith, S. Pabst, A. Scott
Articles
No abstract available
White Light Interferometric Surface Profiler, Vincent Toal, Brian Bowe
White Light Interferometric Surface Profiler, Vincent Toal, Brian Bowe
Articles
We describe an optical system for 3-D profilometry based on the white light interferometer. We detail a simple way to construct a profiler that uses two simple algorithms which deal efficiently and quickly with the data. The system has a theoretically unlimited range and can deal with rough and smooth surfaces
The Gift Of Language, Joseph Vining
The Gift Of Language, Joseph Vining
Articles
Style and substance cross-are genetically related as we now might want to say. Each draws on and is implied by the other. One point at which they cross is our sense of the nature of human language, what language is and can be, what it is not and can never be. The language of law is part of human language. Law is a distinctive form of thought, but it lives in human language. "Rule" might be thought synonymous with "law," but for all its talk of rules, the practice of law does not begin with a descriptive statement, or a …
Up From Individualism (The Brennan Center Symposium On Constitutional Law)." , Donald J. Herzog
Up From Individualism (The Brennan Center Symposium On Constitutional Law)." , Donald J. Herzog
Articles
I was sitting, ruefully contemplating the dilemmas of being a commentator, wondering whether I had the effrontery to rise and offer a dreadful confession: the first time I encountered the countermajoritarian difficulty, I didn't bite. I didn't say, "Wow, that's a giant problem." I didn't immediately start casting about for ingenious ways to solve or dissolve it. I just shrugged. Now I don't think that's because my commitments to either democracy or constitutionalism are somehow faulty or suspect. Nor do I think it's that they obviously cohere. It's rather that the framing, "look, these nine unelected characters can strike down …
Electroanalysis Using Differential Pulse Methods At A Microelectrode, Enda Howard, John Cassidy, John O'Gorman
Electroanalysis Using Differential Pulse Methods At A Microelectrode, Enda Howard, John Cassidy, John O'Gorman
Articles
This communication characterises the differential pulse voltammetric response of ultramicroelectrodes in connection with two different models