Digital Commons Network^™

The Procompetitive Interest In Intellectual Property Law, Thomas F. Cotter

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When government recognizes intellectual property (IP) rights, it is often viewed as sanctioning the existence of private “monopolies,” in contrast to the general antimonopoly thrust of the antitrust laws. And yet, on occasion IP law itself condemns conduct on the part of IP owners-or excuses otherwise infringing activity on the part of IP defendants-expressly for the purpose of promoting competition. It does so even though antitrust law-if one were to apply it at all under analogous circumstances-would not find anticompetitive harm without conducting a more thorough analysis of whether the antitrust defendant possesses power over a well-defined market. Salient examples …

International Customary Law And Articulation Theories: An Economic Analysis, Francesco Parisi, Vincy Fon

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No abstract provided.

Twisted Solenoids And Maps Of R2 Whose Minimal Sets Are Cantor Sets, William Basener, Carl V. Lutzer

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We construct homeomorphisms of R2 that have a Cantor set which is a minimal set. Some of these homeomorphisms are proven to be C^(infinity), while the others are conjectured to be nondifferentiable (Refer to PDF file for exact formulas).

Xbrl: Origins, Implementation And Acceptance, Phillip Kloeden

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A brief overview of the origins of modern accounting are examined with it’s genesis in the Italian Renaissance. During this time period, trade and commerce expanded and new methods for tracking and recording transactions became necessary. Double entry bookkeeping was first documented by Luca Pacioli in 1458. Innovative Italian merchants and scholars of this time period have become known as the fathers of modern accounting. eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is currently the revolutionizing concept in the modern accounting world. Originally, known as Extensible Financial Reporting Markup Language (XFRML) in 1998, it was a prototype language created by the early …

A Parent-Centered Radial Layout Algorithm For Interactive Graph Visualization And Animation, Andrew Pavlo, Christopher Homan, Jonathan Schull

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We have developed (1) a graph visualization system that allows users to explore graphs by viewing them as a succession of spanning trees selected interactively, (2) a radial graph layout algorithm, and (3) an animation algorithm that generates meaningful visualizations and smooth transitions between graphs while minimizing edge crossings during transitions and in static layouts. Our system is similar to the radial layout system of Yee et al. (2001), but differs primarily in that each node is positioned on a coordinate system centered on its own parent rather than on a single coordinate system for all nodes. Our system is …

Classifying E-Algebras Over Dedekind Domains, Brendan Goldsmith, R. Gobel

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An R-algebra A is said to be a generalized E-algebra if A is isomorphic to the algebra EndR(A). Generalized E-algebras have been extensively investigated. In this work they are classified ‘modulo cotorsion-free modules’ when the underlying ring R is a Dedekind domain.

Poisson Structure And Action-Angle Variables For The Camassa-Holm Equation, Adrian Constantin, Rossen Ivanov

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The Poisson brackets for the scattering data of the Camassa-Holm equation are computed. Consequently, the action-angle variables are expressed in terms of the scattering data.

Development Of A Calix[4]Arene Sensor For Soft Metals Based On Nitrile Functionality, Benjamin Schazmann, Dermot Diamond

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The current work is amongst the first to examine the potential usefulness of the nitrile functional group in potentiometric analytical sensors for soft metals. Nitrile functionality has hereby been incorporated into a calix[4]arene skeleton to give a series of new cation selective hosts. The analytical sensing behaviour of these hosts was examined by Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) based potentiometry. In all cases a preference for soft metals was observed, explained primarily in terms of soft–soft compatibility between calix[4]arene nitrile hosts and metal guests in combination with a classical ‘lock and key’ best fit mechanism. Hosts 2, 3 and 4 showed …

An Explicit Scheme For Multifluid Magnetohydrodynamics, Stephen O'Sullivan, Turlough Downes

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When modelling astrophysical fluid flows, it is often appropriate to discard the canonical magnetohydrodynamic approximation, thereby freeing the magnetic field to diffuse with respect to the bulk velocity field. As a consequence, however, the induction equation can become problematic to solve via standard explicit techniques. In particular, the Hall diffusion term admits fast-moving whistler waves which can impose a vanishing time-step limit.Within an explicit differencing framework, a multifluid scheme for weakly ionized plasmas is presented which relies upon a new approach to integrating the induction equation efficiently. The first component of this approach is a relatively unknown method of accelerating …

Inverse Scattering Transform For The Camassa-Holm Equation, Adrian Constantin, Vladimir Gerdjikov, Rossen Ivanov

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An Inverse Scattering Method is developed for the Camassa-Holm equation. As an illustration of our approach the solutions corresponding to the reflectionless potentials are constructed in terms of the scattering data. The main difference with respect to the standard Inverse Scattering Transform lies in the fact that we have a weighted spectral problem. We therefore have to develop different asymptotic expansions.

Scientific Secrecy And "Spin": The Sad, Sleazy Saga Of The Trials Of Remune, Susan Haack

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No abstract provided.

You Are Living In A Gold Rush Ideas, Richard Delgado

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No abstract provided.

The Three Goals Of Taxation, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

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The current debate in the United States about whether the income tax should be replaced with a consumption tax has been waged on the traditional grounds for evaluating tax policy: efficiency, equity, and administrability. For example, Joseph Bankman and David Weisbach recently argued for the superiority of an ideal consumption tax over an ideal income tax on three grounds: First, that the consumption tax is more efficient because it does not discriminate between current and future consumption,' while both income and consumption taxes have identical effect on work effort. Second, that the consumption tax is at least as good at …

A Tribute To Lewis H. Larue, James Boyd White

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Lash has been a good friend for many years, and it is a pleasure to have this opportunity to reflect about him. I well remember our first meeting, in the late 1970s. He had been to a meeting in Wisconsin-the first meeting of the Critical Legal Studies Conference, as I remember-and stopped to spend the night in Chicago on the way home. We had corresponded a couple of times, but never met, and what a pleasure it was to meet him: full of intelligence, openness, and laughter, with a moral center and a deep sense of human limitation. We talked …

Discourse On The Interface Of Matheatics And Physics: A Panel Discussion Sponsored By Dit And The Ria., Brendan Goldsmith

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No abstract available

The Asymptotics Of Neutral Curve Crossing In Taylor–Dean Flow, C. P. Hills, A. P. Bassom

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The fluid flow between a pair of coaxial circular cylinders generated by the uniform rotation of the inner cylinder and an azimuthal pressure gradient is susceptible to both Taylor and Dean type instabilities. The flow can be characterised by two parameters: a measure of the relative magnitude of the rotation and pressure effects and a non-dimensional Taylor number. This work considers the small gap, large wavenumber limit for linear perturbations when the onset of the Taylor and Dean instabilities is concurrent. A consistent, matched asymptotic solution is found across the whole annular domain and identifies five regions of interest: two …

Hamiltonian Formulation And Integrability Of A Complex Symmetric Nonlinear System, Rossen Ivanov

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The integrability of a complex generalisation of the ’elegant’ system, proposed by D. Fairlie and its relation to the Nahm equation and the Manakov top is discussed.

Chirality Studies On Metallo-Cyclodextrins For The Separation Of L/D-Dopa, Ciaran Potter, Noel Russell, Mary Mcnamara

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The derivatives 6-Deoxy-6-[1-(2-amino)ethylamino]-b-Cyclodextrin (CDEn), 6-Deoxy-6-[1-(3-amino)propylamino]- b-Cyclodextrin (CDPn) and 6-Deoxy-6-[1-(4-amino)butylamino]-b-Cyclodextrin (CDBn) were assessed with a view to demonstrating that increasing the chain length of the diaminoalkane moiety can affect the chiral selectivity of the metallo-complexes of these materials. It was shown that IR and Raman spectroscopies can be used to characterise these compounds. The results obtained from the electronic absorption spectra suggested the formation of CuCDAm binary complexes and that the derivatives CDEn and CDPn act as bidentate ligands while CDBn acts as a monodentate ligand due to its longer alkane chain. This study also showed that in the ternary complexes …

Generalised E-Algebras Over Valuation Domains, Brendan Goldsmith, P. Zanardo

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Let R be a valuation domain. We investigate the notions of E(R)- algebra and generalized E(R)-algebra and show that for wide classes of maximal valuation domains R, all generalized E(R)-algebras have rank one. As a by-product we prove if R is a maximal valuation domain of finite Krull dimension, then the two notions coincide. We give some examples of E(R)-algebras of finite rank that are decomposable, but show that over Nagata domains of small degree, the E(R)-algebras are, with one exception, the indecomposable finite rank algebras.

Extended Camassa-Holm Hierarchy And Conserved Quantities, Rossen Ivanov

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An extension of the Camassa-Holm hierarchy is constructed in this letter. The conserved quantities of the hierarchy are studied and a recurrent formula for the integrals of motion is derived.

Thomas Aquinas And The Metaphysics Of Law, William S. Brewbaker Iii

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Despite modernity's longstanding aversion to metaphysics, legal scholars are increasingly questioning whether law can be understood in isolation from wider questions about the nature of reality. This Article examines perhaps the most famous of metaphysical legal texts—Thomas Aquinas's still widely read Treatise on Law—with a view toward tracing the influence of Thomas's metaphysical presuppositions. This Article shows that Thomas's account of human law cannot be fully understood apart from his metaphysics. Attention to Thomas's hierarchical view of reality exposes tensions between Thomas's “top-down” account of law and his sophisticated “bottom-up” observations. For example, Thomas grounds human law's authority in its …

History Belongs To The Winners: The Bazelon-Leventhal Debate And The Continuing Relevance Of The Process/Substance Dichotomy In Judicial Review Of Agency Action Administrative Law Discussion Forum, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.

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No abstract provided.

What's Real For Law?, Jospeh Vining

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Law is not academic. The univeristy if not its home. Law is in the wider world and is pervasive there, in language, thought, and action.

Improving Criminal Jury Decision Making After The Blakely Revolution, J. J. Prescott, Sonja B. Starr

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The shift in sentencing fact-finding responsibility triggered in many states by Blakely v. Washington may dramatically change the complexity and type of questions that juries will be required to answer. Among the most important challenges confronting legislatures now debating the future of their sentencing regimes is whether juries are prepared to handle this new responsibility effectively - and, if not, what can be done about it. Yet neither scholars addressing the impact of Blakely nor advocates of jury reform have seriously explored these questions. Nonetheless, a number of limitations on juror decision making seriously threaten the accuracy of verdicts in …

A Chloride Selective Calix[4]Arene Optical Sensor Combining Urea Functionality With Pyrene Excimer Transduction, Benjamin Schazmann, Dermot Diamond

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A neutral 2-site chloride selective compound has been developed (3), based on a 1,3- alternate tetrasubstituted calix[4]arene providing a preorganised supramolecular scaffold. The resultant supramolecular cavity is amongst the first to combine urea functional groups bridged with single methylene spacers to pyrene moieties. It combines a naturally and synthetically proven H-bonding system with the elegant ratiometric fluorescent signalling properties of an intramolecular pyrene excimer system, triggered by conformational changes upon anion coordination. The excimer emission of 3 is quenched, with a simultaneous rise in the monomer emission solely by the chloride anion amongst a wide variety of anions tested. 3 …

Found Law, Made Law And Creation: Reconsidering Blackstone's Declaratory Theory, William S. Brewbaker Iii

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The subject of this paper is Blackstones famous declaratory theory of law the claim that judges find the law rather than make it Blackstones claim is widely rejected in the legal academy often because Blackstone is wrongly associated with the brooding omnipresence view of law rejected in cases like Erie Guaranty Trust and Southern Pacific Co v Jensen I argue that Blackstones theory fails for other reasons namely because his account does not square well with law practice as it exists and because his distinction between legislative lawmaking and judicial declaration is ultimately unsustainableDespite its faults Blackstones account of judging …

Computing The Folkman Number F_V(2,2,3;4), Jonathan Coles, Stanislaw Radziszowski

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We discuss a branch of Ramsey theory concerning vertex Folkman numbers and how computer algorithms have been used to compute a new Folkman number. We write G ! (a1, . . . , ak)v if for every vertex k-coloring of an undirected simple graph G, a monochromatic Kai is forced in color i 2 {1, . . . , k}. The vertex Folkman number is defined as Fv(a1, . . . , ak; p) = min{|V (G)| : G ! (a1, . . . , ak)v ^ Kp 6 G}. Folkman showed in 1970 that this number exists for p …

Introduction To Shadowgraph And Schlieren Imaging, Andrew Davidhazy

Articles

This is an illustrated narrative prepared as the guide to a slide show covering, in a simplified fashion, the optical operating principles associated with shadowgraph and schlieren imaging. This is also available as a PDF document about 3 Mb in size. Added here in August 2006.

Lost In Translation? Data Mining, National Security And The Adverse Inference Problem, Anita Ramasastry

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To the extent that we permit data mining programs to proceed, they must provide adequate due process and redress mechanisms that permit individuals to clear their names. A crucial criteria for such a mechanism is to allow access to information that was used to make adverse assessments so that errors may be corrected. While some information may have to be kept secret for national security purposes, a degree of transparency is needed when individuals are trying to protect their right to travel or access government services free from suspicion.

Part II of this essay briefly outlines the government's ability to …

$H$-Vectors Of Generalized Associahedra And Noncrossing Partitions, Colum Watt, Thomas Brady, Christos A. Athanasiadis, Jon Mccammond

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A uniform proof is given that the entries of the $h$-vector of the cluster complex $\Delta (\Phi)$, associated by S. Fomin and A. Zelevinsky to a finite root system $\Phi$, count elements of the lattice $\mathbf{L}$ of noncrossing partitions of corresponding type by rank. Similar interpretations for the $h$-vector of the positive part of $\Delta (\Phi)$ are provided. The proof utilizes the appearance of the complex $\Delta (\Phi)$ in the context of the lattice $\mathbf{L}$ in recent work of two of the authors, as well as an explicit shelling of $\Delta (\Phi)$.