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Articles 2161 - 2190 of 2927
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Created Facts And The Flawed Ontology Of Copyright Law, Justin Hughes
Created Facts And The Flawed Ontology Of Copyright Law, Justin Hughes
Articles
It is black letter doctrine that facts are not copyrightable: facts are discovered, not created—so they will always lack the originality needed for copyright protection. As straightforward as this reasoning seems, it is fundamentally flawed. Using the “social facts” theory of philosopher John Searle, this Article explores a variety of “created facts” cases—designation systems, systematic evaluations, and privately written laws—in which original expression from private individuals is adopted by social convention and generates facts in our social reality. In the course of this discussion, the paper places facts in their historical and philosophical context, explores how courts conflate facts with …
Second-Order Quasinormal Mode Of The Schwarzschild Black Hole, Hiroyuki Nakano, Kunihito Ioka
Second-Order Quasinormal Mode Of The Schwarzschild Black Hole, Hiroyuki Nakano, Kunihito Ioka
Articles
We formulate and calculate the second order quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a Schwarzschild black hole (BH). Gravitational wave (GW) from a distorted BH, so called ringdown, is well understood as QNMs in general relativity. Since QNMs from binary BH mergers will be detected with high signal-to-noise ratio by GW detectors, it is also possible to detect the second perturbative order of QNMs, generated by nonlinear gravitational interaction near the BH. In the BH perturbation approach, we derive the master Zerilli equation for the metric perturbation to second order and explicitly regularize it at the horizon and spatial infinity. We numerically …
Quasi-Local Linear Momentum In Black-Hole Binaries, Badri Krishnan, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower
Quasi-Local Linear Momentum In Black-Hole Binaries, Badri Krishnan, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower
Articles
We propose a quasi-local formula for the linear momentum of black-hole horizons inspired by the formalism of quasi-local horizons. We test this formula using two complementary configurations: (i) by calculating the large orbital linear momentum of the two black holes in an unequal-mass, zero-spin, quasi-circular binary and (ii) by calculating the very small recoil momentum imparted to the remnant of the head-on collision of an equal-mass, anti-aligned-spin binary. We obtain results consistent with the horizon trajectory in the orbiting case, and consistent with the net radiated linear momentum for the much smaller head-on recoil velocity.
Thin-Film Evolution Equation For A Strained Solid Film On A Deformable Substrate: Numerical Steady States, Wondimu T. Tekalign, Brian J. Spencer
Thin-Film Evolution Equation For A Strained Solid Film On A Deformable Substrate: Numerical Steady States, Wondimu T. Tekalign, Brian J. Spencer
Articles
We consider the nonlinear behavior of the thin-film evolution equation for a strained solid film on a substrate. The evolution equation describes morphological changes to the film by surface diffusion in response to elastic energy, surface energy, and wetting energy. Due to the thin-film approximation, the elastic response of the film is determined analytically, resulting in a self-contained evolution equation which does not require separate numerical solution of the full three-dimensional elasticity problem. Using a pseudospectral predictor-corrector method we numerically determine the family of steady state solutions to this evolution equation which correspond to quantum dot and quantum ridge morphologies.
A Short Constructive Proof That Nonsingular Flows Only Exist On Manifolds Of Zero Euler Characteristic, William Basener
A Short Constructive Proof That Nonsingular Flows Only Exist On Manifolds Of Zero Euler Characteristic, William Basener
Articles
It is a well-known result that a closed manifold that admits a nonsingular flow (ie a flow without fixed points) only if its Euler Characteristic is zero. We provide a short proof of this by constructing a cell complex on the ambient manifold that is induced by the flow and showing that this complex has zero Euler Characteristic. We use the method of a global transverse disk with the hope that this method will be useful in studying global topological properties of nonsingular flows.
The Green’S Function Of The Sturm-Liouville Operator Acting On Graphs, Matthew Coppenbarger
The Green’S Function Of The Sturm-Liouville Operator Acting On Graphs, Matthew Coppenbarger
Articles
Given the Green’s function of a Sturm-Liouville operator defined on a graph. Form a new graph by identifying vertices. The Green’s function of the Sturm-Liouville operator defined on the new graph is derived. A few basic examples are constructed.
Exceptional Sets And Antoine's Necklace, William Basener
Exceptional Sets And Antoine's Necklace, William Basener
Articles
We study Cantor sets which occur as minimal sets for homeomorphisms of R^n. The minimality is modelled on an infinite product of finite cyclic groups and on a generalized adding machine. An interesting example is a homeomorphisms on R^3 which has Antoine’s Necklace as a minimal set. We also discuss some open problems concerning homeomorphism that have a Cantor set as a minimal set (Refer to PDF file for exact formulas).
Second And Higher-Order Quasinormal Modes In Binary Black Hole Mergers, Kunihito Ioka, Hiroyuki Nakano
Second And Higher-Order Quasinormal Modes In Binary Black Hole Mergers, Kunihito Ioka, Hiroyuki Nakano
Articles
Black hole (BH) oscillations known as quasi-normal modes (QNMs) are one of the most important gravitational wave (GW) sources. We propose that higher perturbative order of QNMs, generated by nonlinear gravitational interaction near the BHs, are detectable and worth searching for in observations and simulations of binary BH mergers. We calculate the metric perturbations to second-order and explicitly regularize the master equation at the horizon and spatial infinity. We find that the second-order QNMs have frequencies twice the first-order ones and the GW amplitude is up to ∼ 10% that of the first-order one. The QNM frequency would also shift …
A Stolchastic Analysis Of The Holling Resilience Of An Orchard, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Seung Yoo
A Stolchastic Analysis Of The Holling Resilience Of An Orchard, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Seung Yoo
Articles
Recently, Batabyal and Yoo (2007) have proposed a new probabilistic approach to orchard management. In this approach, a manager minimizes an economic criterion function, namely, the long run expected net cost of orchard management subject to an ecological constraint which says that the probability that an orchard is not Holling resilient is at most as large as an exogenously given value. In this note, we continue this line of inquiry and shed additional light on an orchard’s Holling resilience. First, we model an orchard as a stochastic ecological-economic system. Second, we compute this orchard’s Holling resilience in a general way. …
The Cash Nexus, Carl E. Schneider
The Cash Nexus, Carl E. Schneider
Articles
Courts and legislatures have labored for decades to protect patients' choice of medical treatments, even though patients seize that gift less eagerly than lawmakers expect. Yet while courts have rushed to build the whited sepulchre of informed consent, they have fled from a related problem that patients actually yearn to solve and that actually can be ameliorated the plight of patients who perforce agree to a treatment before they know its costs and who receive a bill both unrelated to the treatment's value and several times what an insured patient would pay. Increasingly, patients must be consumers in the medical …
Maximum Gravitational Recoil, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower, David Merritt
Maximum Gravitational Recoil, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower, David Merritt
Articles
Recent calculations of gravitational radiation recoil generated during black-hole binary mergers have reopened the possibility that a merged binary can be ejected even from the nucleus of a massive host galaxy. Here we report the first systematic study of gravitational recoil of equal-mass binaries with equal, but counter-aligned, spins parallel to the orbital plane. Such an orientation of the spins is expected to maximize the recoil. We find that recoil velocity (which is perpendicular to the orbital plane) varies sinusoidally with the angle that the initial spin directions make with the initial linear momenta of each hole and scales up …
An Investigation Of Introductory Physics Students’ Approaches To Problem Solving, Laura Walsh, Robert Howard, Brian Bowe
An Investigation Of Introductory Physics Students’ Approaches To Problem Solving, Laura Walsh, Robert Howard, Brian Bowe
Articles
This paper outlines ongoing research investigating students’ approaches to quantitative and qualitative problem solving in physics. This is an empirical study, which was conducted using a phenomenographic approach to analyse and interpret data from individual semi-structured interviews with students from introductory physics courses. The result of the study thus far is a preliminary set of hierarchical categories that describe the students’ problem-solving approaches when faced with various physics problems. The findings from the research presented here indicate that many introductory students in higher education do not approach problem solving in a strategic manner and many do not try to link …
Comparisons Of Binary Black Hole Merger Waveforms, John Baker, Manuela Campanelli, Frans Pretorius, Yosef Zlochower
Comparisons Of Binary Black Hole Merger Waveforms, John Baker, Manuela Campanelli, Frans Pretorius, Yosef Zlochower
Articles
This a particularly exciting time for gravitational wave physics. Ground-based gravitational wave detectors are now operating at a sensitivity such that gravitational radiation may soon be directly detected, and recently several groups have independently made significant breakthroughs that have finally enabled numerical relativists to solve the Einstein field equations for coalescing black-hole binaries, a key source of gravitational radiation. The numerical relativity community is now in the position to begin providing simulated merger waveforms for use by the data analysis community, and it is therefore very important that we provide ways to validate the results produced by various numerical approaches. …
Automated Extraction Of Fire Line Parameters From Multispectral Infrared Images, Ambrose Ononye, Anthony Vodacek, Eli Saber
Automated Extraction Of Fire Line Parameters From Multispectral Infrared Images, Ambrose Ononye, Anthony Vodacek, Eli Saber
Articles
Remotely sensed infrared images are often used to assess wildland ¯re conditions. Separately, ¯re propagation models are in use to forecast future conditions. In the Dynamic Data Driven Application System (DDDAS) concept, the ¯re propagation model will react to the image data, which should produce more accurate predictions of ¯re propagation. In this study we describe a series of image processing tools that can be used to extract ¯re propagation parameters from multispectral infrared images so that the parameters can be used to drive a ¯re propagation model built upon the DDDAS concept. The method is capable of automatically determining …
Probability Thresholds, Jonathan Masur
Probability Thresholds, Jonathan Masur
Articles
Scholars and lower courts have traditionally operated under the belief that cases involving direct tradeoffs between free speech and national security call for the application of straightforward cost-benefit analysis. But the Supreme Court has refused to adhere to this approach, instead deciding difficult liberty-versus-security questions with reference to a "probability threshold"--a doctrinal floor defining how likely a potential threat must be in order to register in the constitutional calculus. This doctrinal innovation has served as a necessary corrective to what would otherwise be the systematic overestimation of speech-based threats driven by the interaction of two factors. First, distinct informational asymmetries …
A Three‐Dimensional Numerical Method For Modelling Weakly Ionized Plasmas, Stephen O'Sullivan, Turlough Downes
A Three‐Dimensional Numerical Method For Modelling Weakly Ionized Plasmas, Stephen O'Sullivan, Turlough Downes
Articles
Astrophysical fluids under the influence of magnetic fields are often subjected to single- or two-fluid approximations. In the case of weakly ionized plasmas, however, this can be inappropriate due to distinct responses from the multiple constituent species to both collisional and non-collisional forces. As a result, in dense molecular clouds and protostellar accretion discs, for instance, the conductivity of the plasma may be highly anisotropic leading to phenomena such as Hall and ambipolar diffusion strongly influencing the dynamics.
An Analysis Of Economic Cost Minimization And Biological Invasion Damage Control Using The Awq Criterion, Gregory Deangelo, Amitrajeet Batabyal, Seshavadhani Kumar
An Analysis Of Economic Cost Minimization And Biological Invasion Damage Control Using The Awq Criterion, Gregory Deangelo, Amitrajeet Batabyal, Seshavadhani Kumar
Articles
DeAngelo et al. (2006) have recently used the AWS criterion in a M/G/1 queuing model to show that there is no necessary tension between economic cost minimization and inspection stringency in non-native species management. In this paper, we use an alternate cost criterion (AWQ criterion) to investigate the generality of this central result in DeAngelo et al. (2006). Our theoretical analysis shows that there is no unambiguous answer to this question. Therefore, we use numerical methods and our numerical analysis leads to two findings. First, for many values of the model parameters that describe the strictness of inspections, there is …
Spin Flips And Precession In Black-Hole-Binary Mergers, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower, Badri Krishnan, David Merritt
Spin Flips And Precession In Black-Hole-Binary Mergers, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower, Badri Krishnan, David Merritt
Articles
We use the ‘moving puncture’ approach to perform fully non-linear evolutions of spinning quasicircular black-hole binaries with individual spins unaligned with the orbital angular momentum. We evolve configurations with the individual spins (parallel and equal in magnitude) pointing in the orbital plane and 45◦ above the orbital plane. We introduce a technique to measure the spin direction and track the precession of the spin during the merger, as well as measure the spin flip in the remnant horizon. The former configuration completes 1.75 orbits before merging, with the spin precessing by 98◦ and the final remnant horizon spin flipped by …
Supermassive Black Holes In The Sbc Spiral Galaxies Ngc 3310, Ngc 4303 And Ngc 4258, Guia Pastorini, Alessandro Marconi, Alessandro Capetti, David J. Axon, Daniel Batcheldor, Et Al.
Supermassive Black Holes In The Sbc Spiral Galaxies Ngc 3310, Ngc 4303 And Ngc 4258, Guia Pastorini, Alessandro Marconi, Alessandro Capetti, David J. Axon, Daniel Batcheldor, Et Al.
Articles
We have undertaken an HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph survey of 54 late type spiral galaxies to study the scaling relations between black holes and their host spheroids at the low mass end. Our aim is to measure black hole masses or to set upper limits for a sizeable sample of spiral galaxies. In this paper we present new Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations of three spiral galaxies, NGC 4303, NGC 3310 and NGC 4258. The bright optical emission lines Hα λ 6564Å, [NII] λλ 6549, 6585Å and [SII] λλ 6718, 6732Å were used to study the kinematics of …
Large Merger Recoils And Spin Flips From Generic Black-Hole Binaries, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower, David Merritt
Large Merger Recoils And Spin Flips From Generic Black-Hole Binaries, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower, David Merritt
Articles
We report the first results from evolutions of generic black-hole binaries, i.e. a binary containing unequal mass black holes with misaligned spins. Our configuration, which has a mass ratio of 2 : 1, consists of an initially non-spinning hole orbiting a larger, rapidly spinning hole (specific spin a/m = 0.885), with the spin direction oriented −45◦ with respect to the orbital plane. We track the inspiral and merger for ∼ 2 orbits and find that the remnant receives a substantial kick of 454 kms−1, more than twice as large as the maximum kick from non-spinning binaries. The remnant spin direction …
On Logic In The Law: Something, But Not All, Susan Haack
On Logic In The Law: Something, But Not All, Susan Haack
Articles
In 1880, when Oliver Wendell Holmes (later to be a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court) criticized the "logical theology" of law articulated by Christopher Columbus Langdell (the first Dean of Harvard Law School), neither Holmes nor Langdell was aware of the revolution in logic that had begun, the year before, with Frege's Begriffsschrift. But there is an important element of truth in Holmes's insistence that a legal system cannot be adequately understood as a system of "axioms and corollaries"; and this element of truth is not obviated by the more powerful logical techniques that are now available.
Fund Allocation Formula Analysis: Determining Elements For Best Practices In Libraries, Kitti Canepi
Fund Allocation Formula Analysis: Determining Elements For Best Practices In Libraries, Kitti Canepi
Articles
The purpose of this study was to determine whether common elements in fund allocation formulas could be used to articulate "best practices" for fund allocations in academic libraries. Methodology involved a meta-analysis of published articles and Internet sites in which 75 fund allocation formulas were presented. Of the 75 formulas, 28 usable examples were analyzed to determine if there were any statistically significant elements within these formulas that could be identified, as well as to determine the degree of correlation for each component identified in the usable set. Findings are presented in this article, as well as implications for further …
What Are Slugs Good For?: Ecosystem Services And The Conservation Of Biodiversity, Dale Goble
What Are Slugs Good For?: Ecosystem Services And The Conservation Of Biodiversity, Dale Goble
Articles
No abstract provided.
Shellability Of Noncrossing Partition Lattices, Colum Watt, Thomas Brady, Christos Athanasiadis
Shellability Of Noncrossing Partition Lattices, Colum Watt, Thomas Brady, Christos Athanasiadis
Articles
We give a case-free proof that the lattice of noncrossing partitions associated to any finite real reflection group is EL-shellable. Shellability of these lattices was open for the groups of type $D_n$ and those of exceptional type and rank at least three.
Synthesis And Characterisation Of Tetra-Tetrazole Macrocycles, Andrew Bond, Adrienne Fleming, Fintan Kelleher, John Mcginley, Vipa Prajapati, Signe Skovsgaard
Synthesis And Characterisation Of Tetra-Tetrazole Macrocycles, Andrew Bond, Adrienne Fleming, Fintan Kelleher, John Mcginley, Vipa Prajapati, Signe Skovsgaard
Articles
The syntheses of tetra-tetrazole macrocycles, containing two bis-tetrazole units linked by a variety of alkyl chain lengths from four to eight carbons, are described. The crystal structures of three of these derivatives are reported, and the molecular conformation in the solid state is compared to that of one previously reported tetra-tetrazole macrocycle and to other bis- and tris(tetrazole)benzene structures. The macrocycle conformation is influenced by the length of the alkyl chain linker, the relative orientation of the tetrazole rings on the benzene ring, and by intermolecular interactions. In the macrocycles based on 1,2-bis(tetrazole)benzene, the adjacent tetrazole rings on the benzene …
Growth Substrate Induced Functional Changes Elucidated By Ftir And Raman Spectroscopy In In-Vitro Cultured Human Keratinocytes., Aidan Meade, Fiona Lyng, Peter Knief, Hugh Byrne
Growth Substrate Induced Functional Changes Elucidated By Ftir And Raman Spectroscopy In In-Vitro Cultured Human Keratinocytes., Aidan Meade, Fiona Lyng, Peter Knief, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Non-invasive measurements of cellular function in in-vitro cultured cell lines using vibrational spectroscopy require the use of spectroscopic substrates such as quartz, ZnSe and MirrIR etc. These substrates are generally dissimilar to the original in-vivo extracellular environment of a given cell line and are often tolerated poorly by cultured cell lines resulting in morphological and functional changes in the cell. The present study demonstrates various correlations between vibrational spectroscopic analyses and biochemical analyses in the evaluation of the interaction of a normal human epithelial keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) with MirrIR and quartz substrates coated with fibronectin, laminin and gelatin. The …
On Discounting Regulatory Benefits: Risk, Money, And Intergenerational Equity, Arden Rowell, Cass R. Sunstein
On Discounting Regulatory Benefits: Risk, Money, And Intergenerational Equity, Arden Rowell, Cass R. Sunstein
Articles
There is an elaborate debate over the practice of "discounting" regulatory benefits, such as environmental improvements and decreased risks to health and life, when those benefits will not be enjoyed until some future date. Economists tend to think that, as a general rule, such benefits should be discounted in the same way as money; many philosophers and lawyers doubt that conclusion on empirical and normative grounds. Both sides frequently neglect a simple point: if regulators are interested in how people currently value risks that will not come to fruition for a significant time, they can use people's current willingness to …
Agencies Should Ignore Distant-Future Generations, Eric A. Posner
Agencies Should Ignore Distant-Future Generations, Eric A. Posner
Articles
No abstract provided.
Prediction Markets For Corporate Governance, M. Todd Henderson, Michael Abramowicz
Prediction Markets For Corporate Governance, M. Todd Henderson, Michael Abramowicz
Articles
No abstract provided.
Technology, Information, And Bankruptcy, Douglas G. Baird
Technology, Information, And Bankruptcy, Douglas G. Baird
Articles
Financial innovations, spurred by the growth of information technology, have transformed the consumer lending industry. Today lenders have unfettered access to a wider spectrum of borrowers and are better able to assess the likelihood that these borrowers will repay the debt they incur. Consequently, the level of consumer household debt has risen dramatically in the past three decades, and will continue to rise, which will lead naturally to an increase in bankruptcy filings. Although our initial intuition tells us that bankruptcies are bad, the author advances the idea that this development is inevitable and that instead of focusing on amending …