Digital Commons Network^™

The True Legacy Of Atkins And Roper: The Unreliability Principle, Mentally Ill Defendants, And The Death Penalty's Unraveling, Scott E. Sundby

Articles

No abstract provided.

Taming A Wandering Attention: Short-Form Mindfulness Training In Student Cohorts, Alexandra B. Morrison, Merissa Goolsarram, Scott L. Rogers, Amishi P. Jha

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No abstract provided.

A Guide To Testing A Proportion When There May Be Misclassifications, David L. Farnsworth, Jonathan R. Bradley

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Ignoring possible misclassifications when testing for a proportion can lead to erroneous decisions. A statistical test is described that incorporates misclassification rates into the analysis. Easily checked safeguards that ensure that the test is appropriate are given. Additionally, the test provides a procedure when the hypothesis stipulates that the proportion is zero. Applications of the test are illustrated with examples which show that it is practical. Comprehensive guidance is supplied for the practitioner.

Patent Invalidity Versus Noninfringement, Roger Ford

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No abstract provided.

The Behavior Of Normality When Iteratively Finding The Normal To A Line In An Lp Geometry, David L. Farnsworth, Joshua M. Fitzhugh

Articles

The normal direction to the normal direction to a line in Minkowski geometries generally does not give the original line. We show that in lp geometries with p > 1 repeatedly finding the normal line through the origin gives sequences of lines that monotonically approach specific lines of symmetry of the unit circle. Which lines of symmetry that are approached depends upon the value of p and the slope of the initial line.

A Simple Inexpensive Method For The Rapid Testing Of The Photocatalytic Activity Of Self Cleaning Surfaces, Andrew Mills, James Hepburn, David Hazafy, Christopher O'Rourke, Josef Krysa, Michal Baudys, Martin Zlamal, Hana Bartkova, Claire Hill, Kim Winn, Morten Simonsen, Erik Sogaard, Suresh Pillai, Nigel Leyland, Rachel Fagan, Frank Neumann, Christina Lampe, Tobias Graumann

Articles

A rapid semi-quantitative, inexpensive method,using a simple digital scanner and an indicator ink, suitable for use in the laboratory, or in the field, for assessing the photocatalytic activity of commerical photocatalytic self-cleaning materials such as glass, is described. The repeatability of the current method is found to be hight and better than many of the previously reported ISO photocatalyst tests.

Characterization Of Polylactic Acid Films For Food Packaging As Affected By Dielectric Barrier Discharge Atmospheric Plasma, Shashi Pankaj, Luke O'Neill, N. Misra, Paula Bourke

Articles

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) air plasma is a novel technique for in-package decontamination of food, but it has not been yet applied to the packaging material. Characterization of commercial polylactic acid (PLA) films was done after in-package DBD plasma treatment at different voltage and treatment time to evaluate its suitability as food packaging material. DBD plasma increased the roughness of PLA film mainly at the site in contact with high voltage electrode at both the voltage levels of 70 and 80 kV. DBD plasma treatments did not induce any change in the glass transition temperature, but significant increase in the …

Humidity And Temperature Effect On Properties Of Transmission Gratings Recorded In Pva/Aa-Based Photopolymer Layers, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Suzanne Martin, Izabela Naydenova

Articles

This paper explores the effects of humidity on gratings recorded in a polyvinylalcohol–acrylamide photopolymer medium. Investigation of the behaviour of transmission gratings exposed to high humidity is of significant interest for two reasons, firstly because the grating's sensitivity to humidity can be exploited for the development of irreversible humidity indicators, secondly because too much sensitivity to humidity can limit the use of these materials in applications where an environmentally stable hologram is needed. In this paper we focus on the effect of high humidity on the properties of volume phase transmission gratings recorded in PVA/AA photopolymer layers in the temperature …

Beyond Insolvency, Vincent Buccola

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No abstract provided.

Feed‐In Tariff Design For Domestic Scale Grid‐Connected Pv Systems Using High Resolution Household Electricity Demand Data, Lacour Ayompe, Aidan Duffy

Articles

The advent of large samples of smart metering data allows policymakers to design Feed‐in Tariffs which are more targeted and efficient. This paper presents a methodology which uses these data to design FITs for domestic scale gridconnected PV systems in Ireland. A sample of 2,551 household electricity demand data collected at ½‐hourly intervals, electricity output from a 2.82 kWp PV system over the same time interval as well as PV system costs and electricity tariffs were used to determine the required FIT to make it worthwhile for the households to invest in the PV system. The methodology shows that it …

Small Wind Turbines In Turbulent (Urban) Environments: A Consideration Of Normal And Weibull Distributions For Power Prediction, Keith Sunderland, Thomas Woolmington, Jonathan Blackledge, Michael Conlon

Articles

The urban terrain and the associated morphological complexities therein, present significant challenges for the deployment of small wind turbines. In particular, a considerable amount of uncertainty is attributable to the lack of understanding concerning how turbulence within urban environments affects turbine productivity. Current wind turbine power output measurements (particularly for small/micro wind turbines) are based on an average wind speed over an observation period; with limited accountability of the variability of wind speed within the observation time frame. This paper however, presents two models that can instead accurately consider such wind speed variation and how it affects the turbine, based …

Synthesis Of Orthogonally Protected 1,2-Diaminopropanoic Acids By Ring-Opening Of 3-Unsubstituted N-Activated Aziridine 2-Carboxylates With Para-Methoxybenzylamine: A Study Of The Regioselectivity Of The Reaction, Fintan Kelleher, Keith O'Brien

Articles

Orthogonally protected 1,2-diaminopropanoic acids (DAPs) have been synthesised in good yields by the ring-opening of 3-unsubstituted N-activated aziridine 2-carboxylates with para-methoxybenzylamine. The choice of both the N-activating group and ester alkyl group had a significant influence on the ratio of attack at the a or b positions of the aziridine. However, the regiochemical outcome is not predictable.

Defining Privacy And Utility In Data Sets, Felix T. Wu

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Is it possible to release useful data while preserving the privacy of the individuals whose information is in the database? This question has been the subject of considerable controversy, particularly in the wake of well-publicized instances in which researchers showed how to re-identify individuals in supposedly anonymous data. Some have argued that privacy and utility are fundamentally incompatible, while others have suggested that simple steps can be taken to achieve both simultaneously. Both sides have looked to the computer science literature for support.

What the existing debate has overlooked, however, is that the relationship between privacy and utility depends crucially …

A Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation Of Acrylamide And Diacetone Acrylamide To Investigate Their Suitability For Holographic Photopolymer Formulations, Dervil Cody, Alan Casey, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova

Articles

The comparative cytotoxic evaluation of two monomers Diacetone Acrylamide (DA) and Acrylamide (AA), used in holographic photopolymer formulations, is reported. Two normal cell lines were used: BEAS-2B and HaCaT. Cellular viability was assessed using the MTT assay for three different exposure times. A difference of two orders of magnitude is observed in the Lethal Dose (LD50) concentrations of the two monomers. Diacetone Acrylamide exhibits a significantly lower toxicity profile in comparison to Acrylamide at all exposure times. This result justifies the replacement of Acrylamide with Diacetone Acrylamide in the photopolymer formulation, with the view to reducing occupational hazard risks for …

A Construction That Produces Wallis-Type Formulas, Joshua M. Fitzhugh, David L. Farnsworth

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Generalizations of the geometric construction that repeatedly attaches rectangles to a square, originally given by Myer- son, are presented. The initial square is replaced with a rectangle, and also the dimensionality of the construction is increased. By selecting values for the various parameters, such as the lengths of the sides of the original rectangle or rectangular box in dimensions more than two and their relationships to the size of the attached rectangles or rectangular boxes, some interesting formulas are found. Examples are Wallis-type infinite-product formulas for the areas of p-circles with p > 1.

Holomorphic Basis For Families Of Subspaces Of A Banach Space, Milena Venkova, Christopher Boyd

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In this article we investigate the connection between a family of com-plemented subspaces of a Banach space having a holomorphic basis, and being holomorphically complemented.

Computing The Grounded Semantics In All The Subgraphs Of An Argumentation Framework: An Empirical Evaluation, Pierpaolo Dondio

Articles

Given an argumentation framework – with a finite set of arguments and the attack relation identifying the graph – we study how the grounded labelling of a generic argument a varies in all the subgraphs of . Since this is an intractable problem of above-polynomial complexity, we present two non-naïve algorithms to find the set of all the subgraphs where the grounded semantic assigns to argument a specific label . We report the results of a series of empirical tests over graphs of increasing complexity. The value of researching the above problem is two-fold. First, knowing how an argument behaves …

Development Of A Jobs Database For Tracking Knowledge And Skills Expectations In The Workplace, Esa M. Rantanen, Christopher Claeys, Daniel Roder

Articles

The primary objective of college education in applied disciplines is that it is relevant to the expectations for new professionals entering the labor market. Academic institutions should therefore pay close attention to the ever-changing skills and knowledge expectations in the labor market. These trends are not easy to track, however. Surveys of new professionals about their experiences in their first jobs or surveys of employers about their experiences with new hires suffer from low response rates, nonresponse bias, and the one-time nature of survey research. A better way to track labor market trends is to continually analyze human factors job …

Testing For A Zero Proportion, Jonathan R. Bradley, David L. Farnsworth

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Tests for a proportion that may be zero are described. The setting is an environment in which there can be misclassifications or misdiagnoses, giving the possibility of nonzero counts from false positives even though no real examples may exist. Both frequentist and Bayesian tests and analyses are presented, and examples are given.

Kinetic Studies For The Preparation Of Probiotic Cabbage Juice: Impact On Phytochemicals And Bioactivity, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

A kinetic study for the production of probiotic cabbage juice was carried out under controlled pH and dissolved oxygen using several strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Furthermore, effect of probiotic fermentation on polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity was investigated. Results showed significant growth in Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus corresponding to 9.19, 9.47 and 10.6 log CFU/ml after 24 h of fermentation, which is satisfying criteria for a food product to be characterized as probiotic. Lactic acid (LA) was the major end product of the fermented cabbage juice attaining the concentrations of 6.97, 9.69 and 12.2 g/l …

Scheduling Of Intelligent And Autonomous Vehicles Under Pairing/Unpairing Collaboration Strategy In Container Terminals, Shahin Gelareh, Rochdi Merzouk, Kay Mcginley, Roisin Byrne-Murray

Articles

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain …

Are We Spending Too Much On Print Stem Monographs? A Method And Analysis For Improving Monograph Allocations Based On Circulation Statistics, Jonathan Nabe

Articles

Circulation studies provide evidence of demand for monographs, but it is necessary to determine the goal of any analysis in order to select which statistics will be used. The goal of this analysis was to determine the appropriateness of expenditures on monographs within the STEM fields at Morris Library over a ten-year period. Percentage of unique title circulation and average circulation per title are best suited for this purpose. Results show variation among discplines, but over-expenditure in all. Analysis of disciplines can aid in determining appropriate allocations for monographs, and analysis of subdisciplines can aid in targeting monograph acquisitions within …

Rethinking The Digital Media Library For Rit's The Wallace Center, April Younglove

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In 2012, the Digital Preservation Team at Rochester Institute of Technology's The Wallace Center undertook an assessment of its Institutional Repository, the Digital Media Library. The Digital Preservation Team looked at the repository's current performance and requirements for ensuring its future success, and then examined four different philosophical approaches to configuring an IR that are in use by research institutions today: All-in-one, Archival, Researcher-centric and Subject. The team also compared open source vs. in-house repository providers and services including DSpace, Digital Commons, IR+, and Discovery Garden. A decision was made to move from the open source software DSpace to the …

Counting The Number Of Squares Reachable In K Knight's Moves., Amanda M. Miller, David L. Farnsworth

Articles

from its initial position on an infinite chessboard are derived. The number of squares reachable in exactly k moves are 1, 8, 32, 68, and 96 for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and 28k – 20 for k ≥ 5. The cumulative number of squares reach- able in k or fever moves are 1, 9, 41, and 109 for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 14k-squared – 6k + 5 for k ≥ 4. Although these formulas are known, the proofs that are presented are new and more mathematically accessible then preceding proofs.

Towards Engaged Scholarship, Jessica Owley, John R. Nolon, Keith Hirokawa, Sean Nolon

Articles

No abstract provided.

Indoor Positioning For Smartphones Using Asynchronous Ultrasound Trilateration, Viacheslav Filonenko, Charlie Cullen, James Carswell

Articles

Modern smartphones are a great platform for Location Based Services (LBS). While outdoor LBS for smartphones has proven to be very successful, indoor LBS for smartphones has not yet fully developed due to the lack of an accurate positioning technology. In this paper we present an accurate indoor positioning approach for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) smartphones that uses the innate ability of mobile phones to produce ultrasound, combined with Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) asynchronous trilateration. We evaluate our indoor positioning approach by describing its strengths and weaknesses, and determine its absolute accuracy. This is accomplished through a range of experiments that involve variables …

Incorporation Of Himanthalia Elongata Seaweed To Enhance The Phytochemical Content Of Breadsticks Using Response Surface Methodology (Rsm), Sabrina Cox, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Optimization of incorporating seaweed into breadsticks was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). Ten formulations of breadsticks were processed by varying concentrations of seaweed (X₁ = 5 to 15% of overall flour concentration) and white flour (X₂ = 10 to 30% of overall flour concentration) using a central composite design. The remaining flour concentrations were comprised of wholemeal flour. Predicted models were found to be significant (P < 0.05) for total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, texture and color. Predicted values for each of the responses were in good agreement with the experimental values. Seaweed concentration had most significant effect on phytochemical constituents of the breadsticks with TPC and DPPH activity maximized when 17.07% H. elongata was incorporated into the flour (P < 0.05). An acceptable edible texture and color of breadsticks was also achieved at this concentration. Multiple response optimization demonstrated that phytochemical content of H. elongata breadsticks may be maximized with dried seaweed and white flour concentrations of 17.07 and 21.89%, respectively, in the …

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Human Skin Tissue Sections Ex-Vivo: Evaluation Of The Effects Of Tissue Processing And Dewaxing, Syed Mehmood Ali, Franck Bonnier, Ali Tfayli, Helen Lambkin, Kathleen Flynn, Vincent Mcdonagh, Claragh Healy, Thomas Lee, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Raman spectroscopy coupled with K-means clustering analysis (KMCA) is employed to elucidate the biochemical structure of human skin tissue sections, and the effects of tissue processing. Both hand and thigh sections of human cadavers were analysed in their unprocessed and formalin fixed paraffin processed (FFPP) and subsequently dewaxed forms. In unprocessed sections, KMCA reveals clear differentiation of the stratum corneum, intermediate underlying epithelium and dermal layers for sections from both anatomical sites. The stratum corneum is seen to be relatively rich in lipidic content; the spectrum of the subjacent layers is strongly influenced by the presence of melanin, while that …

Well-Being Analysis Vs. Cost-Benefit Analysis, Jonathan Masur, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco

Articles

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the primary tool used by policymakers to inform administrative decisionmaking. Yet its methodology of converting preferences (often hypothetical ones) into dollar figures, then using those dollar figures as proxies for quality of life, creates significant systemic errors. These problems have been lamented by many scholars, and recent calls have gone out from world leaders and prominent economists to find an alternative analytical device that would measure quality of life more directly. This Article proposes well-being analysis (WBA) as that alternative. Relying on data from studies in the field of hedonic psychology that track people's actual experience …

Secure Access Control For Health Information Sharing Systems, Suhair Alshehri, Rajendra K. Raj

Articles

The 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) encourages healthcare providers to share information to improve healthcare quality at reduced cost. Such information sharing, however, raises security and privacy concerns that require appropriate access control mechanisms to ensure Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliance. Current approaches such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and its variants, and newer approaches such as Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) are inadequate. RBAC provides simple administration of access control and user permission review, but demands complex initial role engineering and makes access control inflexible. ABAC, on the other hand, simplifies …