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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 2926
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Mode-Sum Prescription For The Vacuum Polarization In Odd Dimensions, Peter Taylor, Cormac Breen
Mode-Sum Prescription For The Vacuum Polarization In Odd Dimensions, Peter Taylor, Cormac Breen
Articles
We present a new mode-sum regularization prescription for computing the vacuum polarization of a scalar field in static spherically-symmetric black hole spacetimes in odd dimensions. This is the first general and systematic approach to regularized vacuum polarization in higher dimensions. Remarkably, the regularization parameters can be computed in closed form in arbitrary dimensions and for arbitrary metric function $f(r)$. In fact, we show that in spite of the increasing severity and number of the divergences to be regularized, the method presented is mostly agnostic to the number of dimensions. Finally, as an explicit example of our method, we show plots …
Auditory Fatigue Model Applications To Predict Noise Induced Hearing Loss In Human And Chinchilla, Pengfei Sun, Daniel Fox, Kathleen Campbell, Jun Qin
Auditory Fatigue Model Applications To Predict Noise Induced Hearing Loss In Human And Chinchilla, Pengfei Sun, Daniel Fox, Kathleen Campbell, Jun Qin
Articles
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains a severe health problem worldwide. Current noise metrics and models have assessment limitations on gradually developing NIHL (GDNIHL). In this study, we apply a complex velocity level (CVL) auditory fatigue model to quantitatively assess the impact of basilar membrane (BM) movement on GDNIHL. The transfer functions of chinchilla and human auditory systems, including the triple-path nonlinear (TRNL) filters to simulate the inner ear responses, are applied to obtain BM velocity distribution. Chinchilla and human experimental hearing loss data are used to validate the proposed CVL model’s effectiveness. The results reveal that the developed CVL …
A Small Step Forwards On The Erd˝Os-S´Os Problem Concerning The Ramsey Numbers R(3, K), Rujie Zhu, Xiaodong Xu, Stanislaw Radziszowski
A Small Step Forwards On The Erd˝Os-S´Os Problem Concerning The Ramsey Numbers R(3, K), Rujie Zhu, Xiaodong Xu, Stanislaw Radziszowski
Articles
Let ∆s = R(K3, Ks) − R(K3, Ks−1), where R(G, H) is the Ramsey number of graphs G and H defined as the smallest n such that any edge coloring of Kn with two colors contains G in the first color or H in the second color. In 1980, Erd˝os and S´os posed some questions about the growth of ∆s. The best known concrete bounds on ∆s are 3 ≤ ∆s ≤ s, and they have not been improved since the stating of the problem. In this paper we present some constructions, which imply in particular that R(K3, Ks) ≥ …
An Examination Of The Neural Unreliability Thesis Of Autism, John Butler, Sophie Molholm, Gizely Andrade, John J. Foxe
An Examination Of The Neural Unreliability Thesis Of Autism, John Butler, Sophie Molholm, Gizely Andrade, John J. Foxe
Articles
An emerging neuropathological theory of Autism, referred to here as “the neural unreliability thesis,” proposes greater variability in moment-to-moment cortical representation of environmental events, such that the system shows general instability in its impulse response function. Leading evidence for this thesis derives from functional neuroimaging, a methodology ill-suited for detailed assessment of sensory transmission dynamics occurring at the millisecond scale. Electrophysiological assessments of this thesis, however, are sparse and unconvincing. We conducted detailed examination of visual and somatosensory evoked activity using high-density electrical mapping in individuals with autism (N = 20) and precisely matched neurotypical controls (N = 20), recording …
Modelling Random Antibody Adsorption And Immunoassay Activity, Dana Mackey, Eilis Kelly, Robert Nooney
Modelling Random Antibody Adsorption And Immunoassay Activity, Dana Mackey, Eilis Kelly, Robert Nooney
Articles
One of the primary considerations in immunoassay design is optimizing the concentration of capture antibody in order to achieve maximal antigen binding and, subsequently, improved sensitivity and limit of detection. Many immunoassay technologies involve immobilization of the antibody to solid surfaces. Antibodies are large molecules in which the position and accessibility of the antigen-binding site depend on their orientation and packing density. In this paper we propose a simple mathematical model, based on the theory known as random sequential adsorption (RSA), in order to calculate how the concentration of correctly oriented antibodies (active site exposed for subsequent reactions) evolves during …
Teaching Android Security Through Examples: A Publicly Available Database Of Vulnerable Apps, Daniel E. Krutz, Samuel A. Malachowsky
Teaching Android Security Through Examples: A Publicly Available Database Of Vulnerable Apps, Daniel E. Krutz, Samuel A. Malachowsky
Articles
Security is hard, and teaching security can be even harder. Here we describe a public educational activity to assist in the instruction of both students and developers in creating secure Android apps. Our set of activities includes example vulnerable applications, information about each vulnerability, steps on how to repair the vulnerabilities, and information about how to confirm that the vulnerability has been properly repaired. Our primary goal is to make these activities available to other instructors for use in their classrooms ranging from the K-12 to university settings. A secondary goal of this project is to foster interest in security …
Civil Rights In A Desegregating America, Nicholas Stephanopoulos
Civil Rights In A Desegregating America, Nicholas Stephanopoulos
Articles
No abstract provided.
Investigating The Impact Of Green Exercise On Population Health And Well-Being In A Small Community In Ireland:A Novel Approach Using A Natural Laboratory Ecosystem., Nollaig O'Sullivan, Aoife Donnelly, Tadhg Macintyre, Giles Warrington
Investigating The Impact Of Green Exercise On Population Health And Well-Being In A Small Community In Ireland:A Novel Approach Using A Natural Laboratory Ecosystem., Nollaig O'Sullivan, Aoife Donnelly, Tadhg Macintyre, Giles Warrington
Articles
Green exercise is defined as undertaking physical activity whilst being directly exposed to nature (Pretty et al., 2005; 2007). Pretty et al. (2003) were among the first wave of researchers to investigate the synergistic benefits of incorporating physical activity and exposure to the natural environment to produce positive psychological affect. Over the past decade, investigations into the possible additive effects on well-being of green exercise and how it can be used as an influential tool to help combat the rising rate of both physical inactivity and non –communicable disease has gained prominence in scientific literature. However, there is still a …
An Investigation Into Spent Coffee Waste As A Renewable Source Of Bioactive Compounds And Industrially Important Sugars, Damhan Scully, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
An Investigation Into Spent Coffee Waste As A Renewable Source Of Bioactive Compounds And Industrially Important Sugars, Damhan Scully, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
Articles
Conventional coffee brewing techniques generate vast quantities of spent espresso grounds (SEGs) rich in lignocellulose and valuable bioactives. These bioactive compounds can be exploited as a nutraceutical or used in a range of food products, while breakdown of lignocellulose generates metabolizable sugars that can be used for the production of various high-value products such as biofuels, amino acids and enzymes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose in SEGs following a hydrothermal pretreatment. A maximum reducing sugar yield was obtained at the following optimized hydrolysis conditions: 4.97 g of pretreated SEGs, 120 h reaction …
Power-Weighted Divergences For Relative Attenuation And Delay Estimation, Ruairí De Fréin, Scott T. Rickard Prof
Power-Weighted Divergences For Relative Attenuation And Delay Estimation, Ruairí De Fréin, Scott T. Rickard Prof
Articles
Power-weighted estimators have recently been proposed for relative attenuation and delay estimation in blind source separation. Their provenance lies in the observation that speech is approximately windowed-disjoint orthogonal (WDO) in the time-frequency (TF) domain; it has been reported that using WDO, derived from TF representations of speech, improves mixing parameter estimation. We show that power-weighted relative attenuation and delay estimators can be derived from a particular case of a weighted Bregman divergence. We then propose a wider class of estimators, which we tune to give better parameter estimates for speech.
Fermentation-Assisted Extraction Of Isothiocyanates From Brassica Vegetable Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
Fermentation-Assisted Extraction Of Isothiocyanates From Brassica Vegetable Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
Articles
Recent studies showed that Brassica vegetables are rich in numerous health-promoting compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and glucosinolates (GLS), as well as isothiocyanates (ITCs) and are involved in health promotion upon consumption. ITCs are breakdown products of GLS, and typically used in the food industry as a food preservative and colouring agent. They are also used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their several pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective effects, etc. Due to their widespread application in food and pharmaceuticals, the present study was designed to extract ITCs from York cabbage. In order to …
Bankruptcy's Endowment Effect, Anthony Casey
Gear Tooth Mesh Stiffness: A Comparison Of Calculation Approaches, Christopher G. Cooley, Chunguang Liu, Xiang Dai, Robert G. Parker
Gear Tooth Mesh Stiffness: A Comparison Of Calculation Approaches, Christopher G. Cooley, Chunguang Liu, Xiang Dai, Robert G. Parker
Articles
This work compares spur gear tooth mesh stiffness calculations using two approaches. The first is a common approach from the literature that calculates the mesh stiffness by dividing the mesh force by the mesh deflection, which we call the average slope method. The second approach calculates the local slope of the force-deflection curve about a nominal deflection. The two approaches result in meaningfully different mesh stiffness predictions that persist for wide ranges of applied torque and for gear teeth with tooth surface modifications. It is shown that each calculation approach has its own distinct use, broadly divided as average slope …
Observation On The Ultrastructure Morphology Of Hela Cells Treated With Ethanol: Statistical Analysis., Fakhri Al-Bagdadi, Matthew J Young, James P Geaghan, Shaomian Yao, Humberto M Barona, Eduardo Martinez-Ceballos, Masami Yoshimura
Observation On The Ultrastructure Morphology Of Hela Cells Treated With Ethanol: Statistical Analysis., Fakhri Al-Bagdadi, Matthew J Young, James P Geaghan, Shaomian Yao, Humberto M Barona, Eduardo Martinez-Ceballos, Masami Yoshimura
Articles
It is estimated that 5.9% of all human deaths are attributable to alcohol consumption and that the harmful use of ethanol ranks among the top five risk factors for causing disease, disability, and death worldwide. Ethanol is known to disrupt phospholipid packing and promote membrane hemifusion at lipid bilayers. With the exception of mitochondria involved in hormone synthesis, the sterol content of mitochondrial membranes is low. As membranes that are low in cholesterol have increased membrane fluidity and are the most easily disordered by ethanol, we hypothesize that mitochondria are sensitive targets for ethanol damage. HeLa cells were exposed to …
Ultra-Filtration Of Human Serum For Improved Quantitative Analysis Of Low Molecular Weight Biomarkers Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Helene Blasco, Clement Wasselet, Guillaume Brachet, Renaud Respaud, Luis Felipe Cs. Carvalho, Dominque Bertrand, Mathew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa
Ultra-Filtration Of Human Serum For Improved Quantitative Analysis Of Low Molecular Weight Biomarkers Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Helene Blasco, Clement Wasselet, Guillaume Brachet, Renaud Respaud, Luis Felipe Cs. Carvalho, Dominque Bertrand, Mathew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa
Articles
Infrared spectroscopy is a reliable, rapid and cost effective characterisation technique, delivering a molecular finger print of the sample. It is expected that its sensitivity would enable detection of small chemical variations in biological samples associated with disease. ATR-IR is particularly suitable for liquid sample analysis and, although air drying is commonly performed before data collection, just a drop of human serum is enough for screening and early diagnosis. However, the dynamic range of constituent biochemical concentrations in the serum composition remains a limiting factor to the reliability of the technique. Using glucose as a model spike in human serum, …
Synthesis Of Orthogonally Protected Thioamide Dipeptides For Use In Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, Fintan Kelleher, Kim Manzor
Synthesis Of Orthogonally Protected Thioamide Dipeptides For Use In Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, Fintan Kelleher, Kim Manzor
Articles
Orthogonally protected thioamide-containing dipeptides were efficiently and cleanly prepared from the precursor dipeptides using Curphey’s method (P4S10, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDO), reflux, DCM) in 67-96% isolated yield. This was in contrast to the use of Lawesson’s or Berzelius’ reagents where significant issues with reaction non-completion, decomposition and purification were observed. Subsequent clean removal of the dipeptides’ t-butyl ester protecting groups gave thioamide dipeptide acids which were suitable for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).
The Votes Of Other Judges, Eric A. Posner, Adrian Vermeule
The Votes Of Other Judges, Eric A. Posner, Adrian Vermeule
Articles
No abstract provided.
A Fully Integrated Microfluidic Device For Point-Of-Care Monitoring Of Antithrombotics, Leanne F. Harris, Paul Rainey, Tomas L. Lindahl, Anthony J. Killard
A Fully Integrated Microfluidic Device For Point-Of-Care Monitoring Of Antithrombotics, Leanne F. Harris, Paul Rainey, Tomas L. Lindahl, Anthony J. Killard
Articles
The simplicity and efficiency of point of care diagnostics have revolutionised patient care. Current methods for measuring hypercoagulability often require trained technicians, large blood volumes, and result in long turnaround times. Standard testing for hypercoagulable disorders is performed in the central laboratory using automated coagulation analysers. However the trend is moving towards the development and implementation of point of care testing, as a result of the ever increasing number of patients on antithrombotic therapy. We present a novel microfluidic device and assay for monitoring the effect of two anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The assay …
What’S Wrong With Sentencing Equality?, Richard A. Bierschbach, Stephanos Bibas
What’S Wrong With Sentencing Equality?, Richard A. Bierschbach, Stephanos Bibas
Articles
Equality in criminal sentencing often translates into equalizing outcomes and stamping out variations, whether race-based, geographic, or random. This approach conflates the concept of equality with one contestable conception focused on outputs and numbers, not inputs and processes. Racial equality is crucial, but a concern with eliminating racism has hypertrophied well beyond race. Equalizing outcomes seems appealing as a neutral way to dodge contentious substantive policy debates about the purposes of punishment. But it actually privileges deterrence and incapacitation over rehabilitation, subjective elements of retribution, and procedural justice, and it provides little normative guidance for punishment. It also has unintended …
Short Term Forecasting Of Nitrogen Dioxide (No2) Levels Using A Hybrid Statistical And Air Mass History Modelling Approach, Aoife Donnelly, Owen Naughton, Brian Broderick, Bruce Misstear
Short Term Forecasting Of Nitrogen Dioxide (No2) Levels Using A Hybrid Statistical And Air Mass History Modelling Approach, Aoife Donnelly, Owen Naughton, Brian Broderick, Bruce Misstear
Articles
A novel hybrid model has been developed to support the provision of real-time air quality forecasts. Statistical techniques have been applied in parallel with airmass history modelling to provide an efficient and accurate forecasting system with the ability to identify high NO2 events, which tend to be the episodes ofmost significance in Ireland. Airmass history modelling and k-means clustering are used to identify air mass types that lead to high NO2 levels in Ireland. Trajectory matching techniques allow data associated with these air masses to be partitioned during model development. Non-parametric regression (NPR) has been applied to describe nonlinear variations …
Advancing Android Activity Recognition Service With Markov Smoother: Practical Solutions, Mingyang Zhong, Jiahui Wen, Peizhao Hu, Jadwiga Indulska
Advancing Android Activity Recognition Service With Markov Smoother: Practical Solutions, Mingyang Zhong, Jiahui Wen, Peizhao Hu, Jadwiga Indulska
Articles
Common use of smartphones is a compelling reason for performing activity recognition with on-board sensors as it is more practical than other approaches, such as wearable sensors and augmented environments. Many solutions have been proposed by academia, but practical use is limited to experimental settings. Ad hoc solutions exist with different degrees in recognition accuracy and efficiency. To ease the development of activity recognition for the mobile application eco-system, Google released an activity recognition service on their Android platform. In this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of this activity recognition service and share the lesson learnt. Through our experiments, …
On Bipartization Of Cubic Graphs By Removal Of An Independent Set, Hanna Furmanczyk, Marek Kubale, Stanislaw Radziszowski
On Bipartization Of Cubic Graphs By Removal Of An Independent Set, Hanna Furmanczyk, Marek Kubale, Stanislaw Radziszowski
Articles
We study a new problem for cubic graphs: bipartization of a cubic graph Q by deleting sufficiently large independent set I. It can be expressed as follows: Given a connected n-vertex tripartite cubic graph Q = (V, E) with independence number α(Q), does Q contain an independent set I of size k such that Q − I is bipartite? We are interested for which value of k the answer to this question is affirmative. We prove constructively that if α(Q) ≥ 4n/10, then the answer is positive for each k fulfilling ⌊(n − α(Q))/2⌋ ≤ k ≤ α(Q). It remains …
In Vitro Monitoring Of Time And Dose Dependent Cytotoxicity Of Aminated Nanoparticles Using Raman Spectroscopy, Esen Efeoglu, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne
In Vitro Monitoring Of Time And Dose Dependent Cytotoxicity Of Aminated Nanoparticles Using Raman Spectroscopy, Esen Efeoglu, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne
Articles
No abstract provided.
Spectroscopic Studies Of Anthracyclines: Structural Characterization And In Vitro Tracking, Zeineb Farhane, Hugh Byrne, Malgorzata Baranska
Spectroscopic Studies Of Anthracyclines: Structural Characterization And In Vitro Tracking, Zeineb Farhane, Hugh Byrne, Malgorzata Baranska
Articles
A broad spectroscopic characterization, using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared absorption as well as Raman scattering, of two commonly used anthracyclines antibiotics (DOX) daunorubicin (DNR), their epimers (EDOX, EDNR) and ten selected analogs is presented. The paper serves as a comprehensive spectral library of UV-vis, IR and Raman spectra of anthracyclines in the solid state and in solution. The particular advantage of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement and analysis of individual antibiotics is demonstrated. Raman spectroscopy can be used to monitor the in vitro uptake and distribution of the drug in cells, using both 488 nm and 785 nm …
Research Note: On The Magnitude Of Error In The Calculation Of Mean Room Surface Exitance, James Duff
Research Note: On The Magnitude Of Error In The Calculation Of Mean Room Surface Exitance, James Duff
Articles
Two formulae currently exist for calculating mean room surface exitance. This research note explains and demonstrates that one of these formulae is erroneous under certain conditions and stresses that the alternative expression should generally be used for computing mean room surface exitance.
Mismatch And Science Desistance: Failed Arguments Against Affirmative Action, Richard O. Lempert
Mismatch And Science Desistance: Failed Arguments Against Affirmative Action, Richard O. Lempert
Articles
When I attended Michigan Law School in 1966, as a 2L Harvard transfer, there was only one, or perhaps two, African Americans in a student body of about 1100 students, and if there were any students of Latino heritage their presence went unnoticed. When I began teaching at Michigan in the fall of 1968, the situation had begun to change. There were eight or nine African American students in the first year class, the first cohort to be admitted under a newly approved racially sensitive affirmative action program. Since then, Michigan has graduated more than 1500 minority students, most of …
Developing Appropriate Educational Modules Aimed At Industry - An Example From Surveying At Masters Level, Audrey Martin
Developing Appropriate Educational Modules Aimed At Industry - An Example From Surveying At Masters Level, Audrey Martin
Articles
This paper describes the process from inception to completion of developing academic modules appropriate for upgrading survey professionals engaged in the public sector. It focuses on one such module continuing professional development module in ‘Gravity and Height’ for National Mapping, developed by the Technological University Dublin Spatial Information Sciences Group for the National Mapping Agency, Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) and staff from similar organisations.
A Comparison Of Catabolic Pathways Induced In Primary Macrophages By Pristine Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Pristine Graphene, Caroline More, Jennifer Mcintyre, Luke O'Neill, Hugh Byrne
A Comparison Of Catabolic Pathways Induced In Primary Macrophages By Pristine Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Pristine Graphene, Caroline More, Jennifer Mcintyre, Luke O'Neill, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Understanding the correlation between the physico-chemical properties of carbonaceous nanomaterials and how these properties impact on cells and subcelluar mechanisms is critical to their risk assessment and safe translation into newly engineered devices. Here the toxicity, uptake and catabolic response of primary human macrophages to pristine graphene (PG) and pristine single walled carbon nanotubes (pSWCNT) are explored, compared and contrasted. The nanomaterial toxicity was assessed using three complementary techniques (live-dead assay, real time impedance technique and confocal microscopic analysis), all of which indicated no signs of acute cytotoxicity in response to PG or pSWCNT. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that …
Screening The Low Molecular Weight Fraction Of Human Serum Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne
Screening The Low Molecular Weight Fraction Of Human Serum Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Vibrational spectroscopic techniques can detect small variations in molecular content, linked with disease, showing promise for screening and early diagnosis. Biological fluids, particularly blood serum, are potentially valuable for diagnosis purposes. The so-called Low Molecular Weight Fraction (LMWF) contains the associated peptidome and metabolome and has been identified as potentially the most relevant molecular population for disease-associated biomarker research. Although vibrational spectroscopy can deliver a specific chemical fingerprint of the samples, the High Molecular Weight Fraction (HMWF), composed of the most abundant serum proteins, strongly dominates the response and ultimately makes the detection of minor spectral variations a challenging task. …
The Statistical Relevance And Effect Of Assuming Pessimistic Default Overall Thermal Transmittance Coefficients On Dwelling Energy Performance Certification Quality In Ireland, Ciara Ahern, Brian Norton, Bernard Enright
The Statistical Relevance And Effect Of Assuming Pessimistic Default Overall Thermal Transmittance Coefficients On Dwelling Energy Performance Certification Quality In Ireland, Ciara Ahern, Brian Norton, Bernard Enright
Articles
In the EU, Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are issued for dwellings whenever they are constructed, sold or leased. Where requiring data would be prohibitively costly, nationally applicable default-values for the thermal transmittance coefficients of the building envelope are employed. Use of such worst case default U-values ensure that a poor dwelling does not attain a better energy rating than is merited. In the absence of empirical data in Ireland thermal-default U-values, as in many other EU member states, are determined by the type and date of construction and then prevailing building codes. Using 463,582 dwellings representing 32% of the total …