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Optimization Of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Of Antioxidant Compounds From Marjoram (Origanum Majorana L.) Using Response Surface Methodology, Mohammad Hossain, Nigel Brunton, Ankit Patras, Brijesh Tiwari, C. O'Donnell, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan

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The present study optimized the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) conditions to maximize the antioxidant activity [Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)], total phenol content (TP) and content of individual polyphenols of extracts from marjoram. Optimal conditions with regard to amplitude of sonication (24.4–61.0 μm) and extraction temperature (15–35 °C) and extraction time (5–15 min) were identified using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the combined treatment conditions of 61 μm, 35 °C and 15 min were optimal for maximizing TP, FRAP, rosmarinic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol values of the …

The Biodiversity Of Thermoduric Bacteria Isolated From Whey, Joseph Meade, Seamus Fanning, Kevinia Mcgill, Ciara Walsh

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Thermoduric gram-positive bacteria are indigenous in milk, cheese, whey and other dairy products. They are capable of surviving heat processes and can result in quality defects and a shortened product shelf life. In Ireland, premium products such as whey protein concentrate (WPC) are often adversely affected by these microorganisms, particularly during the winter months.A high bacterial count in the WPC can result in the product being sold at a lower grade, with an overall loss of revenue for the manufacturer. This study recovered thermoduric bacterial isolates (n = 140) from an Irish WPC process during the months of November–February.Using molecular …

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant And Free Radical-Scavenging Capacity Of Brown Seaweed Himanthalia Elongata From Western Coast Of Ireland, Gaurav Rajauria, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta

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Water,methanol and mixtures (20–80%) thereof have been used for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Irish brown seaweed Himanthalia elongata for studying its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.The 60%methanolic extract exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) the highest value of yield (6.8 6 0.24%), total phenol (286.0 6 4.61 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoid (109.8 6 2.68 mg quercetin equivalents/g) and condensed tannin content (35.6 6 1.03 mgcatechin equivalents/ g). Antimicrobial activity of 60% methanolic extract tested from disc diffusion and broth dilution methods was effective against various food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied.The same extract exhibited statistically highest reducing power and antioxidant capacity againstDPPHradical,metal ions, lipid peroxides and hydrogen peroxide radicals. The UV-visible spectroscopy showed absorption maxima at 205 and 260 nm and the presence of hydroxyl group (3,431 cm-1) and an aromatic ring (around 1,465, 1,505 and 1,624 cm-1) in Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, suggested the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract.

Beyond Separation In Federalism Enforcement: Medicaid Expansion, Coercion, And The Norm Of Engagement, Charlton C. Copeland

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National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius may be known, in both the popular and academic commentaries, as the case about the Affordable Care Act's Individual Mandate provision. History may record it as one of the most significant cases in the jurisprudence of cooperative federalism. In invalidating part of the Medicaid Expansion provision, the Roberts Court became the first to invalidate a federal spending statute as unconstitutionally coercive of state governments. This decision has the potential to impact federal-state cooperative arrangements such as No Child Left Behind, and others far beyond the health care context.

This Article argues that lack …

Wristop: Market Selection For Medical Technologies, Pasi Malinen, Thomas M. Cooney

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No abstract provided.

All Fact Is Beautiful Theory: The Romantic Philip Selznick, Robert Eli Rosen

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Properly understood, Philip Selznick is a chastened romantic of the Left and is mischaracterized as a man of the Right. To Marx, Selznick added insights derived form Freud and Dewey. He was committed to the moral primacy of facts and the conditions under which they realized values. Selznick’s organicism is discussed and critiqued.

Going Rogue: Stop The Beach Renourishment As An Object Of Morbid Fascination, Mary Doyle, Stephen J. Schnably

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Scholarly response to the Supreme Court's decision in Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection has focused on the plurality's strong advocacy of a judicial takings doctrine. We take a different tack. While the concept of judicial takings is worthy of serious attention, it is wrong to treat the plurality opinion as an ordinary object of analysis. It is, instead, the emanation of a Court going rogue.

Three basic symptoms of the pathology stand out. First, sleight of hand. The plurality opinion purports to be about an institutional issue-can a state court commit a taking? - …

Introduction: Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) V. United States: Implementation, Litigation, And Mobilization Strategies, Caroline Bettinger-López

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No abstract provided.

Service Delivery, Resource Allocation And Access To Justice: Greiner And Pattanayak And The Research Imperative, Anthony V. Alfieri, Jeffrey Selbin, Jeanne Charn, Stephen Wizner

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No abstract provided.

Dealing With Doma: Federal Non-Recognition Complicates State Income Taxation Of Same-Sex Relationships, Carlton M. Smith, Edward D. Stein

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Various states now recognize relationships between people of the same-sex, but due to the Defense of Marriage Act, the federal government does not. In the context of income taxes, this combination of state recognition and federal non-recognition of same-sex relationships produces a significant problem for many same-sex couples and some state taxing authorities. Most states have income tax and, typically, state income tax laws “piggyback” on federal income tax laws. Depending on the state, same-sex couples in legally-recognized relationships must file their state income tax returns as married (either “filing jointly” or “filing separately”), as domestic partners, or as parties …

Time To Sever The Dead Hand: Fisk University And The Cost Of The Cy Pres Doctrine, Melanie B. Leslie

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No abstract provided.

Pleading As Information-Forcing, Alexander Reinert

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Academics, judges, and practitioners have devoted much attention to the potential impact of the federal pleading standards announced in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009), and Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007). Many have criticized Iqbal and Twombly on procedural, substantive, and policy grounds. And although most everyone agrees that the cases mark a break with past liberal pleading rules and have changed pleading practice, there is little agreement about precisely how the cases have affected ultimate outcomes. Indeed, there is much confusion about what exactly the new rules require of a pleader.

In this Article, …

Public-Private Approaches To Mass Tort Victim Compensation: Some Thoughts On The Gulf Coast Claims Facility, Myriam E. Gilles

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No abstract provided.

Racial Inclusion, Exclusion And Segregation In Constitutional Law, Michelle Adams

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In Part I of the Article, I examine early cases in which the Court described segregation as a form of resource "lock-up." In several cases leading up to Brown, the Court detailed how racial segregation allows a more dominant group to hoard substantial societal resources. In these early cases, the Court's focus was on segregation as a mechanism for excluding individuals from valuable benefits on the basis of race; it did not speak explicitly to the harms associated with racial classification schemes. In this Part of the Article, I also return to Brown v. Board of Education and explore the …

A Laboratory Inter-Comparison Of The Importance Of Serum Serotonin Levels In The Measurement Of A Range Of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects: Overview Of Study And Results Presentation., Fiona Lyng, C. Mothersill, F. Antonelli, V. Dini, M. Kämäräinen,, B. Schilling-Tóth

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No abstract provided.

New Non-Toxic Holographic Photopolymer Material, Dervil Cody, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova

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There is an increasing need for environmentally friendly holographic recording materials which can be produced in bulk with little risk to the health of workers in manufacturing. This is why the development of non-toxic photopolymer materials is crucial, and has attracted attention in recent years. Composition and preliminary characterization of a new non-toxic photopolymer material are presented. It operates well at a range of spatial frequencies, and achieves diffraction efficiencies and refractive index modulation comparable to the known acrylamide-based photopolymers.

The Resistance Defense, Jenny E. Carroll

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This article explores a previously ignored set of defendants "” those who choose to rely on a defense of resistance From Warren Jeffs the polygamist recently convicted of child rape in Texas to John Brown the fiery abolitionist who led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry in the hopes of triggering an armed insurrection these defendants waived their procedural rights and transformed their criminal trials into a commentary on the deficiencies of the law and the system that supports it Though their belief systems varied they appear throughout history in moments of social or political crisis and …

Of Fables And Federalism: A Re-Examination Of The Historical Rationale For Federal Environment Regulation, William L. Andreen

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No abstract provided.

What Is Christian Legal Thought, William S. Brewbaker Iii

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No abstract provided.

Centennial Reflections On The California Law Review's Scholarship On Race: The Structure Of Civil Rights Thought Centennial Tribute Issue, Richard Delgado

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No abstract provided.

Transaction Account Fees: Do The Poor Really Pay More Than The Rich, Julie Andersen Hill

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No abstract provided.

An Entrepreneurial Perspective On The Business Of Being In Our Profession Conference: The Law: Business Or Profession: The Continuing Relevance Of Julius Henry Cohen For The Practice Of Law In The Twenty-First Century, Steven H. Hobbs

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No abstract provided.

Rico, Corruption And White-Collar Crime, Pamela Bucy Pierson

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No abstract provided.

Precious Knowledge: State Bans On Ethnic Studies, Book Traffickers (Librotraficantes), And A New Type Of Race Trial Race Trials, Richard Delgado

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No abstract provided.

Four Reservations On Civil Rights Reasoning By Analogy: The Case Of Latinos And Other Nonblack Groups Symposium: The Thirteenth Amendment: Meaning, Enforcement, And Contemporary Implications: Panel Iv: Contemporary Implications, Richard Delgado

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No abstract provided.

Child Representation In America: Progress Report From The National Quality Improvement Center, Donald N. Duquette, Julian Darwall

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Few dispute that children in the child welfare system need effective representation. In October 2009, the U.S. Children's Bureau named the University of Michigan Law School the National Quality Improvement Center on the Representation of Children in the Child Welfare System (QIC-ChildRep). The QIC-ChildRep is a five-year, multimillion dollar project, charged with gathering, developing, and communicating knowledge on child representation. In addition, the QIC-ChildRep is tasked with promoting a consensus on the role of the child's legal representative and providing one of the first random assignment experimental design research projects on the legal representation of children.

Psychological Evaluation Of Parenting Capacity In Child Welfare Proceedings, Katherine L. Rosenblum, Joshua B. Kay

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In the child welfare context, courts, attorneys, and child protection agencies often turn to psychologists to evaluate parenting capacity. As evaluators in child protection cases, psychologists may be asked to evaluate different parties for different purposes, acting as agents of the court, the child protection agency, or directly retained by the parents or the lawyer guardian ad litem. In this article we focus specifically on psychological evaluations addressing issues pertaining to parenting capacity (in contrast to, for example, assessments that focus solely on child psychological well-being or developmental status). These types of assessments may help to inform dispositional decisions, including …

Planning Positivism And Planning Natural Law, Martin J. Stone

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Scott Shapiro offers an elaboration and defense of “legal positivism,” in which the official acceptance of a plan figures as the central explanatory notion. Rich in both ambition and insight, Legality casts an edifying new light on the structure of positive law and its officialdom. As a defense of positivism, however, it exhibits the odd feature that its main claims will prove quite acceptable to the natural lawyer. Perhaps this betokens – what many have begun to suspect anyway – that our usual tests for classifying legal theories (as positivist or not) are, in the present state of discussion, no …

Has The Obama Justice Department Reinvigorated Antitrust Enforcement?, Daniel A. Crane

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The Justice Department’s recently filed antitrust case against Apple and several major book publishers over e-book pricing, which comes on the heels of the Justice Department’s successful challenge to the proposed merger of AT&T and T-Mobile, has contributed to the perception that the Obama Administration is reinvigorating antitrust enforcement from its recent stupor. As a candidate for President, then-Senator Obama criticized the Bush Administration as having the “weakest record of antitrust enforcement of any administration in the last half century” and vowed to step up enforcement. Early in the Obama Administration, Justice Department officials furthered this perception by withdrawing the …

Facebook, The Jobs Act, And Abolishing Ipos, Adam C. Pritchard

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Initial public offerings (IPOs)-the first sale of private firms' stock to the public-are a bellwether of investor sentiment. Investors must be bullish if they are putting their money into untested start-ups. IPOs are frequently cited in the business press as a key barometer of the health of financial markets. Politicians, too, see a steady flow of IPOs as an indicator that capital is fueling the entrepreneurial initiative that sustains the growth of new businesses. Growing businesses create jobs, so Republicans and Democrats can find common ground on the importance of promoting IPOs. That bipartisan consensus was on display this spring …