Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Ultrasonic Treatments On The Polyphenol And Antioxidant Content Of Spinach Extracts, Ammar Altemimi, Ruplal Choudhry, Dennis G. Watson, David A. Lightfoot

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The objective was to test ultrasound treatments on spinach leaves during extraction, and conventional extraction was used as a control. The effects of different combinations of the ultrasonic water bath factors tested on phenolic compound yields included frequency (37 and 80 kHz), exposure time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min), temperature (30, 40, and 50 C), and ultrasonic power (30%, 50%, and 70%). The best conditions for extraction yields were ultrasonic frequency of 37 kHz, extraction time of 30 min, reaction temperature of 40 C, and ultrasonic power of 50%. The mean yield (mg/100 g), total phenol (mg …

Inflammatory And Glutamatergic Homeostasis Are Involved In Successful Aging, Erin R. Hascup, Feiya Wang, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke

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Whole body studies using long-lived growth hormone receptor gene disrupted or knock out (GHR-KO) mice report global GH resistance, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and cognitive retention in old-age, however, little is known about the neurobiological status of these mice. The aim of this study was to determine if glutamatergic and inflammatory markers that are altered in aging and/or age-related diseases and disorders, are preserved in mice that experience increased healthspan. We examined messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels in the brain of 4- to 6-, 8- to 10-, and 20- to 22-month GHR-KO and normal …

Not Your Mother's Will: Gender, Language, And Wills, Karen J. Sneddon

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“Boys will be boys, but girls must be young ladies” is an echoing patriarchal refrain from the past. Formal equality has not produced equality in all areas, as demonstrated by the continuing wage gap. Gender bias lingers and can be identified in language. This Article focuses on Wills, one of the oldest forms of legal documents, to explore the intersection of gender and language. With conceptual antecedents in pre-history, written Wills found in Ancient Egyptian tombs embody the core characteristics of modern Wills. The past endows the drafting and implementation of Wills with a wealth of traditions and experiences. The …

Idaho Administrative Law: A Primer For Students And Practitioners, Richard Henry Seamon

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No abstract provided.

On Law-Breaking And Law's Legitimacy, Aliza Plener Cover

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No abstract provided.

Medicaid Planning For Long-Term Care: California Style, John A. Miller

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No abstract provided.

Legal Education As A Rule Of Law Strategy - Problems And Opportunities With U.S.-Based Programs, David Pimentel

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No abstract provided.

Five Ways To Support Interdisciplinary Work Before Tenure, Barbara Cosens

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Academic institutions often claim to promote interdisciplinary teaching and research. Prescriptions for successfully engaging in interdisciplinary efforts, however, are usually directed at the individuals doing the work rather than the institutions evaluating them for the purpose of tenure and promotion. Where institutional recommendations do exist, they are often general in nature and lacking concrete guidance. Here, we draw on our experiences as students and faculty participating in three interdisciplinary water resource management programs in the USA to propose five practices that academic institutions can adopt to effectively support interdisciplinary work. We focus on reforms that will support pre-tenure faculty because …

The Performance Of Concrete Exposed To Marine Environments: Predictive Modelling And Use Of Laboratory/On Site Test Methods, S.V. Nanukuttan, P.A.M. Basheer, W.J. Mccarter, L. Tang, Niall Holmes, T.M. Chrisp, G. Starrs

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Premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures due to lack of durability and subsequent poor state of their health, has led to a significant part of the construction budget being spent on repair and rehabilitation works. As a direct consequence, asset owners are often forced to take decisions to repair and maintain existing ailing infrastructure, as opposed to investing in new ones.

Current Advances In The Application Of Raman Spectroscopy For Molecular Diagnosis Of Cervical Cancer, Ines Martins Ramos, Alison Malkin, Fiona Lyng

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Raman spectroscopy provides a unique biochemical fingerprint capable of identifying and characterizing the structure of molecules, cells and tissues. In cervical cancer, it is acknowledged as a promising biochemical tool due to its ability to detect pre-malignancy and early malignancy stages. This review summarizes the key research in the area and the evidence compiled is very encouraging for ongoing and further research. In addition to the diagnostic potential, promising results for HPV detection and monitoring treatment response suggest more than just a diagnosis prospective. A greater body of evidence is however necessary before Raman spectroscopy is fully validated for clinical …

Analyses Of Ionizing Radiation Effects In – Vitro In Peripheral Blood 1 Lymphocytes With Raman Spectroscopy, Adrian Maguire, Isabel Vegacarrascal, Lisa White, B. Mcclean, Orla L. Howe, Fiona Lyng, Aidan Meade

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The use of Raman spectroscopy to measure the biochemical profile of healthy and diseased cells and tissues may be a potential solution to many diagnostic problems in the clinic. Although extensively used to identify changes in the biochemical profiles of cancerous cells and tissue, Raman spectroscopy has been used less often for analyzing changes to the cellular environment by external factors such as ionizing radiation. In tandem with this, the biological impact of low doses of ionizing radiation remains poorly understood. Extensive studies have been performed on the radiobiological effects associated with radiation doses above 0.1 Gy, and are well …

Designing Work: A Study Of Collaboration And Concentration In Open-Plan Offices, John Walsh

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This article looks at the design of open-plan offices, particularly in relation to the impact of spatial design on different work-modes. It examines the history of the open-plan office, looking at how the open-plan workplace has evolved. It reports the findings of a survey on office design of 150 office workers across multiple industry sectors, job types and age categories. Finally, assuming there will not be a return en masse to the traditional, space hungry, cellular office for most knowledge workers this article considers what have we learned so far, and how spaces can be designed to support different work-modes, …

Initial Reflections On An Interdisciplinary Approach To Rule Of Law Studies, Joel H. Samuels

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In this essay, we attempt to lay the initial groundwork for a clearer understanding of rule of law both as a concept and as a distinct field. We respond to the assertions that the rule of law field is non-existent or incoherent, and assert that a field of rule of law is not impossible to ascertain. First, we survey how rule of law - as both a term and a state of political being - is understood by practitioners and scholars, as well as how scholars reconcile the lack of a clear, widely universal understanding of the concept of rule …

The Surprising Resilience Of State Opposition To Abortion: The Supreme Court, Federalism, And The Role Of Intense Minorities In The U.S. Politics System, Gerald Rosenberg

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No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Tooth Size Discrepancy And Archform Classification In Orthodontic Patients, Gerard O'Mahony, Declan T. Millett, Michael S. Cronin, Mark K. Barry, Grant T. Mcintyre

Articles

Background

To determine the relationship between clinically significant tooth size discrepancies (TSD) and archform classification in orthodontic patients.

Material and Methods

Eighty teeth with artificial white spot lesions were randomly divided into four groups: (A) distilled and deionized water, (B) Nd:YAG laser, (C) CPP-ACP crème, & (D) CPP-ACP plus laser. SMH was measured using Vickers diamond indenter in Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). Two samples of each group were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analyzed with the SPSS 17/win.

Results

Reproducibility of the classification of archform was very good (unweighted Kappa statistic of 0.83 with a 95% …

Rule Of Law Reform In Transitional States: Bringing Method To The Madness - A Review Of Advancing The Rule Of Law Abroad: Next Generation Reform By Rachel Kleinfeld, David Pimentel

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No abstract provided.

Medicaid Spend Down, Estate Recovery And Divorce: Doctrine, Planning, And Policy, John A. Miller

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Medicaid is the need-based government program that pays for much of the health care for the poor in the United States. Medicaid often ends up paying the costs of nursing home care for middle-class seniors who have descended into poverty as a result of the high costs of such care. For married couples, Medicaid requires a “spend down” of both spouses’ assets before one spouse can qualify for Medicaid support. This Article posits that, unless the law is changed, divorce may well become standard Medicaid planning practice in many circumstances. This will be especially true for middle and upper-middle-class married …

The Impact Of Obergefell: Tradition Marriage's New Lease On Life, David Pimentel

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The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges in June 2015 provided a dramatic turn in America's ongoing debate over same-sex marriage. Justice Kennedy's opinion speaks in emotionally evocative terms about the compelling societal and personal significance of marriage, holding that the right to marry is a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment, a right that extends to same-sex couples. Justice Kennedy's rhetoric about the importance of marriage is noteworthy, even curious, given marriage's steady decline over the past 50 years. Just when it seemed that marriage was losing its significance in our society-because marriages are more easily ended, because …

Archetypes Of Faith: How Americans See, And Believe In, Their Constitution, Aliza Plener Cover

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In this Article, I offer a new framework to illuminate how American faith in the Constitution is sustained over time. I build upon the evocative Passover story of the Four Sons—one of whom is wise, one wicked, one simple, and one who does not know how to ask—and argue that these archetypes resonate deeply in the constitutional context. I identify the “wise sons” of the American constitutional community—the legal elites who maintain the vitality of the constitutional faith through a fastidious, intergenerational, yet somewhat detached analysis of the intricacies of law; the “simple sons”—the People writ large, who relate to …

Making "Conservation" Work For The 21st Century: Enabling Resilient Place, Jerrold A. Long

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During the New Deal, as part of a larger effort implementing Progressive Era "conservation" regimes, the federal government authorized the structurally-invasive Flood Control Act of 1936. At the same time, the Standard State Soil Conservation Districts Law promoted the creation of local, place-based efforts to protect or restore locally-valued resources. "Conservation" thus came to signify both the invasive, structural, engineering approach of mid-20th Century flood control, and the local, more responsive and flexible nature of soil conservation districts. But our understandings of our place in the natural world have changed subtly but significantly over the past century. Any legitimate natural …

Fearing The Bogeyman: How The Legal System's Overreaction To Perceived Danger Threatens Families And Children, David Pimentel

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In the last generation, American parenting norms have shifted dramatically, reflecting a near obsession with child safety and especially the risk of stranger abduction. A growing body of literature shows, however, that the threats to children are more imagined than real, and that the effort to protect children from these "bogeymen" may be doing more harm than good. Advocates of "Free-Range" parenting argue that giving children a long leash can help them learn responsibility, explore the world outside, get physical exercise, and develop self-sufficiency. But the state, usually acting through Child Protective Services (CPS), is likely to second-guess parents' judgments …

The Status Of Nonstatus, Geoffrey Heeren

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Millions of unauthorized immigrants in the United States have no legal immigration status and live in constant fear of deportation. There are millions more who do have some sort of status, like lawful permanent residency, asylum, or a nonimmigrant visa. In between is the netherworld of nonstatus. Here live noncitizens who possess government documentation but few rights. They have no pathway to lawful permanent residence or citizenship and cannot receive most public benefits. If nonstatus is denied or revoked by a prosecutor or bureaucrat, there is no right to a hearing or an appeal. If the Executive Branch discriminates in …

Civic Education, The Rule Of Law, And The Judiciary: A Republic, If You Can Keep It, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

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No abstract provided.

The Role Of Non-Governmental Organizations In Advancing International Criminal Justice, Charles C. Jalloh

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This article examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing international criminal justice. I argue that NGOs have had considerable impact by contributing, among other things, to the global struggle against impunity through advocacy for the creation of more robust institutional mechanisms to prosecute those who perpetrate such crimes. This ranges from supporting the processes that led to the creation of several ad hoc international tribunals for Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone, all the way through to their support for the establishment of an independent permanent international penal court based in The Hague. The crux of my claim is …

Teaching Emotional Intelligence To Law Students: Three Keys To Mastery, William S. Blatt

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No abstract provided.

Clean Energy Federalism, Felix Mormann

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Legal scholarship tends to approach the law and policy of clean energy from an environmental law perspective. As hydraulic fracturing, renewable energy integration, nuclear reactor (re)licensing, transport biofuel mandates, and other energy issues have pushed to the forefront of the environmental law debate, clean energy law has begun to emancipate itself. The emerging literature on clean energy federalism is a symptom of this emancipation. This Article adds to that literature by offering two case studies, a novel model for policy integration, and theoretical insights to elucidate the relationship between environmental federalism and clean energy federalism.

Renewable portfolio standards and feed-in …

Civil Disabilities In An Era Of Diminishing Privacy: A Disability Approach For The Use Of Criminal Records In Hiring, Andrew Elmore

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No abstract provided.

Rebellion: The Courts Of Appeals’ Latest Anti-Booker Backlash, Alison Siegler

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No abstract provided.

Entick V. Carrington And Boyd V. United States: Keeping The Fourth And Fifth Amendments On Track, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

The Law Of Police, Richard H. Mcadams, Dhammika Dharmapala, Nuno Garoupa

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No abstract provided.