Digital Commons Network^™

The Paradox Of Access Justice, And Its Application To Mandatory Arbitration, Omri Ben-Shahar

Articles

No abstract provided.

We Are What We Tax, Mary Louise Fellows, Grace Heinecke, Linda Sugin

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No abstract provided.

The United Nations Working Group On Arbitrary Detention: Procedures And Summary Of Jurisprudence, David Weissbrodt, Brittany Mitchell

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For nearly twenty-five years, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention has provided a well-respected jurisprudence on fundamental human rights, such as: freedom of expression and religion; limits on administrative detention; restrictions on discrimination in detention; and violations of the right to fair trial. The Working Group has amassed a unique collection of legal principles applicable to individuals detained by the United States, including asylum seekers, immigrants, and refugees. The decisions of the Working Group have also applied to non-state actors.

The Grass Is Not Always Greener: Congressional Dysfunction, Executive Action, And Climate Change In Comparative Perspective, Hari Osofsky, Jacqueline Peel

Articles

Partisan climate change politics, paired with a legislative branch that is often deeply divided between two parties, has led to congressional gridlock in the United States. Numerous efforts at passing comprehensive climate change legislation have failed, and little prospect exists for such legislation in the foreseeable future. As a result, executive action under existing federal environmental statutes--often in interaction with litigation--has become the primary mechanism for national-level regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles and power plants. Although many observers critique this state of affairs and wish for a legislature more able to act. this essay argues that more …

Open Minds And Harmless Errors: Judicial Review Of Post-Promulgation Notice And Comment, Kristin Hickman, Mark Thomson

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In 2012, the Government Accountability Office surprised many administrative law specialists by reporting that fully 35% of major rules and 44% of nonmajor rules issued by federal government agencies lacked pre-promulgation notice and opportunity for public comment. For at least most of the major rules, however, the issuing agencies accepted comments from the public after issuing the rule, and in most of those cases, the agencies followed up with new final rules, responding to comments and often making changes in response thereto. Post-promulgation notice and comment do not precisely comply with the Administrative Procedure Act, yet are arguably close enough …

Energy Partisanship, Hari M. Osofsky, Jacqueline Peel

Articles

Whether the topic is the Paris Agreement on climate change, greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, the Keystone XL pipeline, hydraulic fracturing, offshore drilling, or renewable energy, much of the U.S. policy dialogue about energy and climate change is deeply partisan. Republicans and Democrats debate individual issues in vitriolic sound bites that indicate minimal common ground. For example, officials favoring robust action on climate change are charged with engaging in a “War on Coal.” Those opposed are labeled “members of the Flat Earth Society.” Set against these dysfunctional climate and energy politics, how can progress be made? For people who …

Physical And Oxidative Stability Of Functional Olive Oil-In-Water Emulsions Formulated Using Olive Mill Wastewater And Whey Proteins, Nicola Caporaso, Alessandro Genovese, Roisin Burke, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Raffaele Sacchi

Articles

The present paper reports on the use of phenolic extracts from olive mill wastewater (OMW) in model olive oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions to study their effect on their physical and chemical stability. Spray-dried OMW polyphenols were added to a model 20% olive O/W emulsion stabilized with whey protein isolate (WPI) and xanthan gum, in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7. The emulsions were characterised under accelerated storage conditions (40 °C) up to 30 days. Physical stability was evaluated by analysing the creaming rate, mean particle size distribution and mean droplet size, viscosity and rheological properties, while chemical stability was assessed through …

Effect Of Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extract, Whey Protein Isolate And Xanthan Gum On The Behaviour Of Olive O/W Emulsions Using Response Surface Methodology., Nicola Caporaso, Alessandro Genovese, Roisin Burke, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Raffaele Sacchi

Articles

Spray-dried polyphenols extracted from olive mill wastewater (OMW) were used to formulate 20% olive oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilised with whey protein isolate (WPI) and xanthan gum at pH 7. The effects of olive biophenol extract (0.9-4.4 mM), whey protein isolate (0.13-0.5 %) and xanthan gum (0.06-0.2 %) on the physical stability (creaming index), viscosity, emulsion droplet size and distribution, primary and secondary oxidation products were assessed over accelerated storage of emulsions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for experimental design using three-factor central composite design (CCD) with 3 central points. The effects of OMW phenolics, WPI and xanthan gum were …

Natural Gas As A Marine Fuel, Heather Thomson, James J. Corbett, James J. Winebrake

Articles

This paper provides new knowledge about the life-cycle emissions of natural gas compared to traditional petroleum-based fuels in the marine sector. While natural gas will reduce local air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides and particulate matter, the implications for greenhouse gases depend on how the natural gas is extracted, processed, distributed, and used. Applying a “technology warming potential” (TWP) approach, natural gas as a marine fuel achieves climate parity within 30 years for diesel ignited engines, though could take up to 190 years to reach climate parity with conventional fuels in a spark ignited engine. Movement towards natural gas as …

Applying Kouzes & Posner's Leadership Concepts To Poverty Alleviation Work In The Developing World, John Oliphant

Articles

Many people in the developing world struggle with significant poverty. People who feel trapped in a cycle of poverty often describe feeling inferior and powerless. Those who are relatively wealthy and in leadership roles may suffer from a different pathology that some have described as a “god- complex” in which a sense of superiority may develop, leading to the belief that they have been chosen to decide what is best for the poor. As the leaders of organizations that do poverty alleviation work in the developing world contemplate what approach to take when formulating their leadership style, they would do …

The Rhetoric Of Negative Externalities, Claire Hill

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The concept of negative externalities is firmly entrenched in economic analysis even though it is almost impossible to apply with any rigor in many important real-world contexts. For instance, what is the baseline from which “pollution” is measured? How clean must the air and water surrounding the firm be? And whose costs must the firm take into account in order to internalize the externalities? Clearly, the firm’s next door neighbors harmed by the polluted air generated by the firm. But what about people who are more remotely affected? There is no neutral way to set the baseline below which deviations …

Remaking Energy: The Critical Role Of Energy Consumption Data, Alexandra Klass, Elizabeth Wilson

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This Article explores the public policy benefits associated with increased access to energy consumption data as well as the legal and institutional barriers that currently prevent such access. As state and local governments as well as electricity users attempt to improve the efficiency of their buildings, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and realize the promises of improved demand side management of energy resources, the need for electricity and other energy-related data becomes even more pressing. But the current law that balances making energy consumption data available against any privacy or confidentiality interests in the data is underdeveloped. Thus, this Article draws …

Public Enforcement Compensation And Private Rights, Prentiss Cox

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Government enforcement actions have returned tens of billions of dollars to consumers, investors and employees. This “public enforcement compensation” is important to effective civil law enforcement, yet it is poorly understood and increasingly criticized. Recent scholarship asserts that public compensation mimics class action recoveries and raises the same concerns of accountability to recipients of relief. This Article rejects the class action analogy and presents an alternative framework grounded in the law and practice of public enforcement for understanding the relationship between public compensation and private rights. One scholar goes further and contends that state attorneys general violate constitutional due process …

Nonmarriage, June Carbone, Naomi Cahn

Articles

Now that the Supreme Court has reshaped the laws of marriage, attention is shifting to nonmarriage. The law no longer treats intimate couples who do not marry as either deviant or deprived. Yet, rather than regulate nonmarriage in a systematic way, the law applies two inconsistent doctrines to govern these relationships. This Article is the first to explore the fundamental contradiction in the legal approach to unmarried partners. While the laws governing financial obligations between unmarried couples are moving toward a deregulatory model that radically differs from the status-based regulation of marriage, the laws of custody and support insist on …

Friending The Privacy Regulators, William Mcgeveran

Articles

According to conventional wisdom, data privacy regulators in the European Union are unreasonably demanding, while their American counterparts are laughably lax. Many observers further assume that any privacy enforcement without monetary fines or other punishment is an ineffective “slap on the wrist.” This Article demonstrates that both of these assumptions are wrong. It uses the simultaneous 2011 investigation of Facebook’s privacy practices by regulators in the United States and Ireland as a case study. These two agencies reached broadly similar conclusions, and neither imposed a traditional penalty. Instead, they utilized “responsive regulation,” where the government emphasizes less adversarial techniques and …

Pursuing A Single Mission (Or Something Closer To It) For The Irs, Kristin Hickman

Articles

It is often said that taxes are the lifeblood of government. As the nation’s tax collector, the IRS serves a critical function without which the federal government would cease to function. Yet the IRS is an agency in crisis—mired in scandal, chronically underfunded, overreliant on automation, and failing to provide taxpayers with the support they need to comply with the tax laws and pay their taxes. This Essay argues that a major contributor to the IRS’s woes is Congress’s penchant in recent decades for utilizing the IRS to administer social welfare and regulatory programs that are only tangentially related to …

Crime Logic, Campus Sexual Assault, And Restorative Justice, Donna Coker

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No abstract provided.

Consideration Of Genetic Connections In Child Custody Disputes Between Same-Sex Parents: Fair Or Foul?, Jessica Feinberg

Articles

Historically, in child custody disputes involving same-sex couples who conceived their children through assisted reproductive technology, the law only recognized the relationship between the child and the member of the same-sex couple who was the child’s genetic parent. Consequently, non-genetic parents in these situations were frequently denied standing to seek custody or visitation following the dissolution of their relationship with the child’s genetic parent. Due to recent legal advancements, however, it is becoming far more common for both members of a same-sex couple to be legally recognized as the parents of a child conceived through assisted reproductive technology. Unfortunately, despite …

Gradual Marriage, Jessica Feinberg

Articles

The time has come to reform the law governing marriage. In determining the rights and obligations between spouses arising from marriage, current law does not adequately account for the way in which spousal behaviors and expectations change over the course of a marriage. With regard to intact marriages, under the existing legal framework, the spousal rights and obligations enjoyed by couples in intact marriages arise all at once—at the moment a couple is granted a marriage license—and do not change as the years of marriage pass or as children are born to the marriage. In terms of dissolving marriages, with …

Enhanced Cognition And Hypoglutamatergic Signaling In A Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mouse Model Of Successful Aging., Kevin N Hascup, Mary K Lynn, Patrick J Fitzgerald, Shari Randall, John J Kopchick, Heather A Boger, Andrzej Bartke, Erin R Hascup

Articles

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHR-KO) mice are long lived with improved health span, making this an excellent model system for understanding biochemical mechanisms important to cognitive reserve. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate differences in cognition and glutamatergic dynamics between aged (20- to 24-month-old) GHR-KO and littermate controls. Glutamate plays a critical role in hippocampal learning and memory and is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM), whereas independent dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1 basal glutamate, release, and uptake measurements were conducted in …

Soluble Amyloid-Β42 Stimulates Glutamate Release Through Activation Of The Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor., Kevin N Hascup, Erin R Hascup

Articles

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and hippocampal atrophy. Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and plaque accumulation is implicated as the neurotoxic species in this disorder; however, at physiological concentrations (pM-nM), Aβ42 contributes to neurogenesis, long-term potentiation, and neuromodulation. Because Aβ42 binds the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) located presynaptically on glutamatergic terminals, involved with hippocampal dependent learning and memory, we examined the effects of the human, monomeric isoform of Aβ42 on glutamate release in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1, of isoflurane anesthetized, 6-9 month old male C57BL/6J mice. We utilized an enzyme-based …

Sport, Unity And Conflict: An Enduring Social Dynamic, Paddy Dolan, John Connolly

Articles

The purpose of this article is largely to serve as an introduction to this special issue on sport, unity and conflict. This was the theme of the European Association for Sociology of Sport conference in 2015, held in Dublin, Ireland. The special issue contains articles by the three keynote speakers of the conference – Randall Collins, Anthony King and Roberta Sassatelli. Each dealt with the theme in different, yet compatible, and highly thought-provoking ways. This article will also attempt to elaborate on the theme and argue for the continued significance of the place of unification and conflict processes within sport, …

Bayesian Exponential Random Graph Modeling Of Whole-Brain Structural Networks Across Lifespan, Michel Sinke, Rick Dijkhuizen, Alberto Caimo, Cornelis Stam, Willem Otte

Articles

No abstract provided.

A Literature Review Of The Evolution Of British Prefabricated Low-Rise Housing, Daniel O'Neill, Samantha Organ

Articles

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore academic papers and reports and present a chronology of the evolution of British low-rise prefabricated housing. The paper provides chronological information for construction and surveying researchers undertaking research in associated areas.

Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative literature review, providing an exploration and analysis of academic papers and reports on low-rise prefabricated housing.

Findings – A substantial literature was discovered. However, there are gaps in the available literature. The history of British construction technology is a rich research area but is under-researched. Prefabricated housing has a long history dating back …

The Impact Of The Ambient Environment And Building Configuration On Occupant Productivity In Open-Plan Commercial Offices, Mark Mulville, Nicola Callaghan, David Isaac

Articles

Purpose

This paper sets out to understand the impact of the ambient environment on perceived comfort, health, wellbeing and by extension productivity in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

The research combined an occupant survey considering satisfaction with the ambient environment, health and wellbeing and workplace behaviour with the monitoring of ambient environmental conditions.

Findings

The paper demonstrates that the ambient environment can have a significant impact on occupant comfort, health and wellbeing, which in turn has implications for built asset performance. Within the ambient environmental factors considered, a hierarchy may exist with noise being of particular importance. Occupant behaviour within the workplace …

Cuba Conundrum: Corporate Governance And Compliance Challenges For U.S. Publicly-Traded Companies, Marcia Narine

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No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Antisense Transcription By Nua4 Histone Acetyltransferase And Other Chromatin Regulatory Factors., Bhawana Uprety, Amala Kaja, Jannatul Ferdoush, Rwik Sen, Sukesh R. Bhaumik

Articles

NuA4 histone lysine (K) acetyltransferase (KAT) promotes transcriptional initiation of TATA-binding protein (TBP)-associated factor (TAF)-dependent ribosomal protein genes. TAFs have also been recently found to enhance antisense transcription from the 3' end of the GAL10 coding sequence. However, it remains unknown whether, like sense transcription of the ribosomal protein genes, TAF-dependent antisense transcription of GAL10 also requires NuA4 KAT. Here, we show that NuA4 KAT associates with the GAL10 antisense transcription initiation site at the 3' end of the coding sequence. Such association of NuA4 KAT depends on the Reb1p-binding site that recruits Reb1p activator to the GAL10 antisense transcription …

Whole Mount Dissection And Immunofluorescence Of The Adult Mouse Cochlea., Scott C Montgomery, Brandon C Cox

Articles

The organ of Corti, housed in the cochlea of the inner ear, contains mechanosensory hair cells and surrounding supporting cells which are organized in a spiral shape and have a tonotopic gradient for sound detection. The mouse cochlea is approximately 6 mm long and often divided into three turns (apex, middle, and base) for analysis. To investigate cell loss, cell division, or mosaic gene expression, the whole mount or surface preparation of the cochlea is useful. This dissection method allows visualization of all cells within the organ of Corti when combined with immunostaining and confocal microscopy to image cells at …

Collaboration Between Schools And Child Welfare Agencies In Florida To Address The Educational Needs Of Children In Foster Care, Kele Stewart, Vanessa Thorrington

Articles

No abstract provided.

Death And The Digital Age: The Disposition Of Digital Assets, Alberto B. Lopez

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No abstract provided.