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Articles 961 - 990 of 8390
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Voices From A Prison Pandemic: Lives Lost From Covid-19 At Lakeland Correctional, Kimberly Thomas
Voices From A Prison Pandemic: Lives Lost From Covid-19 At Lakeland Correctional, Kimberly Thomas
Articles
Coronavirus tore through jails and prisons like wildfire. In some states, more than half of the people incarcerated there tested positive for COVID-19; nearly 400,000 people in prison across the United States have tested positive. For people in prison, COVID-19 brought the loss of close friends, solitary confinement, loss of connection with family and programming, lack of information, and fear of contracting the virus. It has also reminded those who are incarcerated of the one-dimensional way in which people in prison are perceived. As stated by one collaborator, Cory Souders, "[s]o many men and women who come to prison are …
How Serving Jobless Workers During The Pandemic’S Economic Recession Grounded Students: A Reflection From Michigan’S Workers’ Rights Clinic, Rachael Kohl, Nancy Vettorello
How Serving Jobless Workers During The Pandemic’S Economic Recession Grounded Students: A Reflection From Michigan’S Workers’ Rights Clinic, Rachael Kohl, Nancy Vettorello
Articles
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed the delivery of legal education. Many courses switched to remote instruction, and that change was particularly complicated for clinical courses. For Michigan's Workers' Right Clinic (WRC), however, the pandemic brought more than a change in course delivery - it brought a huge influx of new cases and community need with rapidly and continually changing laws. This article describes how the WRC navigated and thrived, despite the rapid changes brought about by the pandemic, and how the clinic provided an opportunity for students to engage in more complex work that benefited students both academically and mentally. …
Rethinking Immigration Enforcement, Peter L. Markowitz
Rethinking Immigration Enforcement, Peter L. Markowitz
Articles
As the nation turns the page away from the dark chapter of President Trump's relentless assault on immigrants, it is time to take stock of the nation's unprecedented immigration enforcement regime. During its relatively short existence, the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE) has deported more than twice as many people as were deported in the entire previous history of the United States. The human and fiscal costs of ICE's mass deportation agenda are astronomical, and there is almost universal agreement across the political spectrum that the United States' immigration enforcement apparatus is badly broken. That, however, is where the …
Sediqa: Sound Emitting Document Image Quality Assessment In A Reading Aid For The Visually Impaired, Jane Courtney
Sediqa: Sound Emitting Document Image Quality Assessment In A Reading Aid For The Visually Impaired, Jane Courtney
Articles
For visually impaired people (VIPs), the ability to convert text to sound can mean a new level of independence or the simple joy of a good book. With significant advances in optical character recognition (OCR) in recent years, a number of reading aids are appearing on the market. These reading aids convert images captured by a camera to text which can then be read aloud. However, all of these reading aids suffer from a key issue—the user must be able to visually target the text and capture an image of sufficient quality for the OCR algorithm to function—no small task …
Profiling Mathematical Procedural And Problem-Solving Skills Of Undergraduate Students Following A New Mathematics Curriculum, Fiona Faulkner, Mark Prendergast, Cormac Breen, Michael Carr
Profiling Mathematical Procedural And Problem-Solving Skills Of Undergraduate Students Following A New Mathematics Curriculum, Fiona Faulkner, Mark Prendergast, Cormac Breen, Michael Carr
Articles
In 2010 a mathematics curriculum was introduced in Irish second level schools entitled ‘Project Maths’ (PM). It aimed to refocus second level mathematics teaching and learning away from an over emphasis on procedural mathematics towards problem solving and real understanding [Department of Education and Skills (DES). (2010). Report of the Project Maths implementation support group. https://www.education.ie/en/Publications/Policy-Reports/Report-of-the-Project-Maths-Implementation-Group.pdf]. This paper aims to examine the performance of 1st year undergraduate students’ procedural and problem solving skills after the introduction of PM. A diagnostic test was developed to determine students’ skills in each area and findings demonstrated that students perform statistically significantly …
The Case For Reviving The Corporate Amt, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
The Case For Reviving The Corporate Amt, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Articles
In this article, Avi-Yonah examines the bill introduced by Senate Finance Committee member Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., to revive the corporate alternative minimum tax as a 15 percent tax on corporate book income, and he argues that it is a sensible way to address some problems of the corporate tax system.
Classification Of Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods Through Their Output Formats, Giulia Vilone, Luca Longo
Classification Of Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods Through Their Output Formats, Giulia Vilone, Luca Longo
Articles
Machine and deep learning have proven their utility to generate data-driven models with high accuracy and precision. However, their non-linear, complex structures are often difficult to interpret. Consequently, many scholars have developed a plethora of methods to explain their functioning and the logic of their inferences. This systematic review aimed to organise these methods into a hierarchical classification system that builds upon and extends existing taxonomies by adding a significant dimension—the output formats. The reviewed scientific papers were retrieved by conducting an initial search on Google Scholar with the keywords “explainable artificial intelligence”; “explainable machine learning”; and “interpretable machine learning”. …
The Future Of Securities Law In The Supreme Court, Adam C. Pritchard, Robert B. Thompson
The Future Of Securities Law In The Supreme Court, Adam C. Pritchard, Robert B. Thompson
Articles
Since the enactment of the first federal securities statute in 1933, securities law has illustrated key shifts in the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence. During the New Deal, the Court’s securities law decisions shifted almost overnight from open hostility toward the newly-expanded administrative state to broad deference to agency expertise. In the 1940s, securities cases helped build the legal foundation for a broadly enabling administrative law. The 1960s saw the Warren Court creating new implied rights of action in securities law illustrative of the Court’s approach to statutes generally. The stage seemed set for the rise of “federal corporate law.” The Court …
An Overview Of Planar Flow Casting Of Thin Metallic Glasses And Its Relation To Slot Coating Of Liquid Films, Eric A. Theisen, Steven J. Weinstein
An Overview Of Planar Flow Casting Of Thin Metallic Glasses And Its Relation To Slot Coating Of Liquid Films, Eric A. Theisen, Steven J. Weinstein
Articles
Planar flow casting (PFC) is a method that can be used to make thin, long, and wide metallic alloy foils by extruding molten liquid through a nozzle slot and immediately quenching on a moving roller. The quenching rates are high enough that amorphous metallic glasses may be formed that have many desirable properties for a wide variety of applications. This paper reviews how PFC processes were developed, examines the typical operability range of PFC, and reviews the defects that commonly form. The geometrical similarities between PFC and slot coating process are apparent, and this paper highlights differences between the operability …
A Health Elearning Ontology And Procedural Reasoning Approach For Developing Personalized Courses To Teach Patients About Their Medical Condition And Treatment, Martin Michalowski, Szymon Wilk, Wojtek Michalowski, Dympna O'Sullivan, Silvia Bonaccio, Enea Parimbelli, Marc Carrier, Grégoire Le Gal, Stephen Kingwell, Mor Peleg
A Health Elearning Ontology And Procedural Reasoning Approach For Developing Personalized Courses To Teach Patients About Their Medical Condition And Treatment, Martin Michalowski, Szymon Wilk, Wojtek Michalowski, Dympna O'Sullivan, Silvia Bonaccio, Enea Parimbelli, Marc Carrier, Grégoire Le Gal, Stephen Kingwell, Mor Peleg
Articles
We propose a methodological framework to support the development of personalized courses that improve patients’ understanding of their condition and prescribed treatment. Inspired by Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), the framework uses an eLearning ontology to express domain and learner models and to create a course. We combine the ontology with a procedural reasoning approach and precompiled plans to operationalize a design across disease conditions. The resulting courses generated by the framework are personalized across four patient axes—condition and treatment, comprehension level, learning style based on the VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/write, Kinesthetic) presentation model, and the level of understanding of specific …
Locating Identities In Time: An Examination Of The Impact Of Temporality On Presentations Of The Self Through Location-Based Social Networks, Konstantinos Papangelis, Ioanna Lykourentzou, Vassilis-Javed Khan, Alan Chamberlain, Ting Cao, Micahel Saker, Nicolas Lalone
Locating Identities In Time: An Examination Of The Impact Of Temporality On Presentations Of The Self Through Location-Based Social Networks, Konstantinos Papangelis, Ioanna Lykourentzou, Vassilis-Javed Khan, Alan Chamberlain, Ting Cao, Micahel Saker, Nicolas Lalone
Articles
Studies of identity and location-based social networks (LBSN) have tended to focus on the performative aspects associated with marking one’s location. Yet, these studies often present this practice as being an a priori aspect of locative media. What is missing from this research is a more granular understanding of how this process develops over time. Accordingly, we focus on the first six weeks of 42 users beginning to use an LBSN we designed and named GeoMoments. Through our analysis of our users' activities, we contribute to understanding identity and LBSN in two distinct ways. First, we show how LBSN users …
Viii—Gambling On Others And Relying On Others, Nicolas Cornell
Viii—Gambling On Others And Relying On Others, Nicolas Cornell
Articles
Gambling on another person and relying on another person are similar but intuitively distinct phenomena. This paper argues that gambling is distinguished by the stance that it necessarily involves towards the bet-upon conduct. It then contends that, where one has gambled upon the conduct of another, one has no standing to complain against that person for losses that result. This small point may have significant implications for how we think about speculative economic losses.
Biochemical Impact Of Solar Radiation Exposure On Human Keratinocytes Monitored By Raman Spectroscopy; Effects Of Cell Culture Environment, Ulises Lopez Gonzalez, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne
Biochemical Impact Of Solar Radiation Exposure On Human Keratinocytes Monitored By Raman Spectroscopy; Effects Of Cell Culture Environment, Ulises Lopez Gonzalez, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Understanding and amelioration of the effects of solar radiation exposure are critical in preventing the occurrence of skin cancer. Towards this end, many studies have been conducted in 2D cell culture models under simplified and unrealistic conditions. 3D culture models better capture the complexity of in vivo physiology, although the effects of the 3D extracellular matrix have not been well studied. Monitoring the instantaneous and resultant cellular responses to exposure, and the influence of the 3D environment, could provide an enhanced understanding of the fundamental processes of photocarcinogenesis. This work presents an analysis of the biochemical impacts of simulated solar …
Antiracist Remedial Approaches In Judge Gregory’S Jurisprudence, Leah M. Litman
Antiracist Remedial Approaches In Judge Gregory’S Jurisprudence, Leah M. Litman
Articles
This piece uses the idea of antiracism to highlight parallels between school desegregation cases and cases concerning errors in the criminal justice system. There remain stark, pervasive disparities in both school composition and the criminal justice system. Yet even though judicial remedies are an integral part of rooting out systemic inequality and the vestiges of discrimination, courts have been reticent to use the tools at their disposal to adopt proactive remedial approaches to address these disparities. This piece uses two examples from Judge Roger Gregory’s jurisprudence to illustrate how an antiracist approach to judicial remedies might work.
Black Transit: When Public Transportation Decision-Making Leads To Negative Economic Development, Audrey G. Mcfarlane
Black Transit: When Public Transportation Decision-Making Leads To Negative Economic Development, Audrey G. Mcfarlane
Articles
No abstract provided.
Flying Free: A Research Overview Of Deep Learning In Drone Navigation Autonomy, Thomas Lee, Susan Mckeever, Jane Courtney
Flying Free: A Research Overview Of Deep Learning In Drone Navigation Autonomy, Thomas Lee, Susan Mckeever, Jane Courtney
Articles
With the rise of Deep Learning approaches in computer vision applications, significant strides have been made towards vehicular autonomy. Research activity in autonomous drone navigation has increased rapidly in the past five years, and drones are moving fast towards the ultimate goal of near-complete autonomy. However, while much work in the area focuses on specific tasks in drone navigation, the contribution to the overall goal of autonomy is often not assessed, and a comprehensive overview is needed. In this work, a taxonomy of drone navigation autonomy is established by mapping the definitions of vehicular autonomy levels, as defined by the …
1d Conditional Generative Adversarial Network For Spectrum-To-Spectrum Translation Of Simulated Chemical Reflectance Signatures, Cara Murphy, John Kerekes
1d Conditional Generative Adversarial Network For Spectrum-To-Spectrum Translation Of Simulated Chemical Reflectance Signatures, Cara Murphy, John Kerekes
Articles
The classification of trace chemical residues through active spectroscopic sensing is challenging due to the lack of physics-based models that can accurately predict spectra. To overcome this challenge, we leveraged the field of domain adaptation to translate data from the simulated to the measured domain for training a classifier. We developed the first 1D conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) to perform spectrum-to-spectrum translation of reflectance signatures. We applied the 1D conditional GAN to a library of simulated spectra and quantified the improvement in classification accuracy on real data using the translated spectra for training the classifier. Using the GAN-translated library, …
1d Conditional Generative Adversarial Network For Spectrum-To-Spectrum Translation Of Simulated Chemical Reflectance Signatures, Cara P. Murphy, John Kerekes
1d Conditional Generative Adversarial Network For Spectrum-To-Spectrum Translation Of Simulated Chemical Reflectance Signatures, Cara P. Murphy, John Kerekes
Articles
The classifcaton of trace chemical residues through actve spectroscopic sensing is challenging due to the lack of physics-based models that can accurately predict spectra. To overcome this challenge, we leveraged the feld of domain adaptaton to translate data from the simulated to the measured domain for training a classifer. We developed the frst 1D conditonal generatve adversarial network (GAN) to perform spectrum-to-spectrum translaton of refectance signatures. We applied the 1D conditonal GAN to a library of simulated spectra and quantfed the improvement in classifcaton accuracy on real data using the translated spectra for training the classifer. Using the GAN-translated library, …
Adapting An Agent-Based Model Of Infectious Disease Spread In An Irish County To Covid-19, Elizabeth Hunter, John D. Kelleher
Adapting An Agent-Based Model Of Infectious Disease Spread In An Irish County To Covid-19, Elizabeth Hunter, John D. Kelleher
Articles
The dynamics that lead to the spread of an infectious disease through a population can be characterized as a complex system. One way to model such a system, in order to improve preparedness, and learn more about how an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, might spread through a population, is agent-based epidemiological modelling. When a pandemic is caused by an emerging disease, it takes time to develop a completely new model that captures the complexity of the system. In this paper, we discuss adapting an existing agent-based model for the spread of measles in Ireland to simulate the spread of …
(Re)Framing Race In Civil Rights Lawyering, Anthony V. Alfieri, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
(Re)Framing Race In Civil Rights Lawyering, Anthony V. Alfieri, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Articles
This Review examines the significance of Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'s new book, Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow, for the study of racism in our nation's legal system and for the regulation of race in the legal profession, especially in the everyday labor of civil-rights and poverty lawyers, prosecutors, and public defenders. Surprisingly, few have explored the relevance of the racial narratives distilled by Gates in Stony the Roa - the images, stereotypes, and tropes that Whites constructed of Blacks to deepen and ensure the life and legacy of white supremacy-to the practice …
The Problem With Assumptions: Revisiting “The Dark Figure Of Sexual Recidivism”, Tamara Rice Lave, Jj Prescott, Grady Bridges
The Problem With Assumptions: Revisiting “The Dark Figure Of Sexual Recidivism”, Tamara Rice Lave, Jj Prescott, Grady Bridges
Articles
What is the actual rate of sexual recidivism given the well‐ known fact that many crimes go unreported? This is a difficult and important problem, and in “The dark figure of sexual recidivism,” Nicholas Scurich and Richard S. John (2019) attempt to make progress on it by “estimat[ing] actual recidivism rates . . . given observed rates of reoffending” (p. 171). In this article, we show that the math in their probabilistic model is flawed, but more importantly, we demonstrate that their conclusions follow ineluctably from their empirical assumptions and the unrepresentative empirical research they cite to benchmark their calculations. …
Democracy’S Destiny, Gilda Daniels
Democracy’S Destiny, Gilda Daniels
Articles
From its beginning, America has had a paradoxical democracy, where “all men are created equal” while simultaneously denying the right to vote to anyone who was not White, male, or owned property. The pandemic exposed the fault lines of our democratic form of government. Those imposing barriers to the ballot are facing off against the advocates of access. It is not a new battle. In America, we seek ways to limit who can participate instead of expanding opportunities. We have dedicated our resources to dancing around the edges of democracy, for example, advocating for vote by mail or automatic voter …
Trade Administration, Kathleen Claussen
Trade Administration, Kathleen Claussen
Articles
At the core of public debates about trade policy making in the United States and the so-called "trade war" is a controversy over who should be responsible for making U.S. trade law: Congress or the President. What these important conversations miss is that underlying much of our trade policy in recent decades is a widespread executive-branch lawmaking apparatus with monitoring, rulemaking, adjudicative, and enforcement features that operates in considerable shadow. Executive branch agencies are now the primary actors in trade lawmaking. This Article excavates that critical underbelly: what I call our "trade administrative state." It maps the trade administrative state's …
An Lpc Pole Processing Method For Enhancing The Identification Of Dominant Spectral Features, Jin Xu, Mark Davis, Ruairí De Fréin
An Lpc Pole Processing Method For Enhancing The Identification Of Dominant Spectral Features, Jin Xu, Mark Davis, Ruairí De Fréin
Articles
This paper proposes a new time-resolved spectral analysis method based on a modification to the linear predictive coding (LPC) method for enhancing the identification of the dominant frequencies of a signal. The method described here is based on a z-plane analysis of the LPC poles. These poles are used to produce a series of reduced order filter transfer functions which can accurately identify and estimate the frequency of the dominant spectral features. The standard LPC method has been shown to suffer from a sensitivity to noise and its performance is dependent on the filter order. The proposed method can …
Raman Spectroscopic Characterisation Of Non Stimulated And Stimulated Human Whole Saliva, Genecy Calado, Isha Behl, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng
Raman Spectroscopic Characterisation Of Non Stimulated And Stimulated Human Whole Saliva, Genecy Calado, Isha Behl, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng
Articles
Human saliva is a unique biofluid which can reflect the physiopathological state of an individual. The wide spectrum of molecules present in saliva, compounded by the close association of salivary composition to serum metabolites, can provide valuable information for clinical diagnostic applications through highly sensitive vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy. However, the nature of saliva, in terms of collection and patient-related characteristics, can be considered factors which may strongly affect the Raman spectral profile of salivary samples and disrupt the search for specific salivary biomarkers in the detection of diseases. The main objective of this study was to …
U-251mg Spheroid Generation Using Low Attachment Plate Method Protocol, Lara J. Carroll, Brijesh K. Tiwari, James F. Curtin, Janith Wanigasekara
U-251mg Spheroid Generation Using Low Attachment Plate Method Protocol, Lara J. Carroll, Brijesh K. Tiwari, James F. Curtin, Janith Wanigasekara
Articles
3D cell culture is a process used to grow cells in vitro to mimic an in vivo environment. 3D cell models are very useful for understanding disease mechanisms and exploring drug therapeutics. 3D cultures can be grown from cells taken from cancer organoids in patients. Once grown, they can be used to screen for small molecule drugs or they can be genetically modified in order to analyse disease pathways or predict the toxicity or efficacy of a drug treatment. These cultures decrease the need to use animals in research and provides more reliable results as it uses human physiology. This …
Mining And Managing Big Data Refactoring For Design Improvement: Are We There Yet?, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Ali Ouni
Mining And Managing Big Data Refactoring For Design Improvement: Are We There Yet?, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Ali Ouni
Articles
Refactoring is a set of code changes applied to improve the internal structure of a program, without altering its external behavior. With the rise of continuous integration and the awareness of the necessity of managing technical debt, refactoring has become even more popular in recent software builds. Recent studies indicate that developers often perform refactorings. If we consider all refactorings performed across all projects, this consists of the refactoring knowledge that represents a rich source of information that can be useful for both developers and practitioners to better understand how refactoring is being applied in practice. However, mining, processing, and …
Refactoring Practices In The Context Of Modern Code Review: An Industrial Case Study At Xerox, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Hussein Alrubaye, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Ali Ouni, Marouane Kessentini
Refactoring Practices In The Context Of Modern Code Review: An Industrial Case Study At Xerox, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Hussein Alrubaye, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Ali Ouni, Marouane Kessentini
Articles
Modern code review is a common and essential 2 practice employed in both industrial and open-source projects 3 to improve software quality, share knowledge, and ensure con4 formance with coding standards. During code review, developers 5 may inspect and discuss various changes including refactoring 6 activities before merging code changes in the code base. To date, 7 code review has been extensively studied to explore its general 8 challenges, best practices and outcomes, and socio-technical 9 aspects. However, little is known about how refactoring activities 10 are being reviewed, perceived, and practiced. 11 This study aims to reveal insights into …
Finding The Needle In A Haystack: On The Automatic Identification Of Accessibility User Reviews, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Wajdi Aljedaani, Murtaza Tamjeed, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Yasime Elglaly
Finding The Needle In A Haystack: On The Automatic Identification Of Accessibility User Reviews, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Wajdi Aljedaani, Murtaza Tamjeed, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Yasime Elglaly
Articles
In recent years, mobile accessibility has become an important trend with the goal of allowing all users the possibility of using any app without many limitations. User reviews include insights that are useful for app evolution. However, with the increase in the amount of received reviews, manually analyzing them is tedious and time-consuming, especially when searching for accessibility reviews. The goal of this paper is to support the automated identification of accessibility in user reviews, to help technology professionals in prioritizing their handling, and thus, creating more inclusive apps. Particularly, we design a model that takes as input accessibility user …
Has Tax Competition Been Curbed? Reaction To L.Ahrens, L. Hakelberg & T. Rixen, Reuven Avi-Yonah
Has Tax Competition Been Curbed? Reaction To L.Ahrens, L. Hakelberg & T. Rixen, Reuven Avi-Yonah
Articles
This excellent article shows that contrary to the dire predictions of many observers, tax cooperation is still possible among OECD member countries and that such cooperation can overcome the trilemma of maintaining democracy, sustaining globalization and accepting some tax competition. Specifically, the authors show that in the realm of individual tax evasion, the advent of Automatic Exchange of Information (AEol) after the financial crisis of 2008-9 has enabled OECD countries to maintain a higher level of tax on capital than was possible before the crisis. This, in turn, enabled such countries to reduce inequality and maintain the social safety net …