Digital Commons Network^™

Judicial Reform In Brazil, Keith S. Rosenn

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Judicial reform is currently a hotly debated topic in Brazil. The call for reform of the Brazilian judiciary, however, is anything but new. The Brazilian judiciary has been in a state of crisis since colonial days, and despite numerous attempts at reform, it remains in crisis. With the privatization of Brazil's state-owned enterprises, the growth of Mercosur, the urgent need to make Brazilian firms competitive in world markets, the emphasis upon attracting foreign investment, and the opening of Brazil's economy to foreign competition, Brazilian political leadership began to focus upon ways to reform Brazil's malfunctioning judicial system. Unfortunately, the proposed …

Impeaching The President Essay, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Informational Regulation And Informational Standing: Akins And Beyond, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Theories And Tropes: A Reply To Posner And Kelman, Cass R. Sunstein, Christine Jolls, Richard H. Thaler

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No abstract provided.

Affirmative Action, Caste, And Cultural Comparisons Correspondence, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

Erie And The Irrevelance Of Legal Positivism, Jack L. Goldsmith, Steven Walt

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No abstract provided.

Federal Courts And The Incorporation Of International Law, Jack L. Goldsmith, Curtis A. Bradley

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No abstract provided.

The Internet And The Abiding Significance Of Territorial Sovereignty, Jack L. Goldsmith

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No abstract provided.

Book Review (Reviewing Ronald Dworkin, Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading Of The American Constitution (1996)), David A. Strauss

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No abstract provided.

At The End Of Palsgraf, There Is Chaos: An Assessment Of Proximate Cause In Light Of Chaos Theory, Edward S. Adams, Gordon B. Brumwell, James A. Glazier

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Palsgraf articulated the doctrine of proximate cause, necessary to prove the tort of negligence. Palsgraf needs to be reexamined in light of today's understanding of cause and effect. The case concerned a woman (Mrs. Palsgraf) standing on a train platform who was injured by a roof tile that fell as the result of the vibrations caused by the explosion of another passenger's package. Mrs. Palsgraf sued the railway for negligence and prevailed at the trial court level. The New York Court of Appeals reversed the trial court, however, holding that the railway company's actions were not the proximate cause of …

Constructing A Jury That Is Both Impartial And Representative: Utilizing Cumulative Voting In Jury Selection, Edward S. Adams, Christian J. Lane

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One of the main and ongoing problems plaguing the American jury system has been ensuring that juries in civil and criminal trials are truly representative of the communities in which they serve. Historically, minorities have been disproportionately excluded from jury service. This shortfall results from a combination of factors at each stage of the juror identification process. At the jury pool stage, juror notification methods often fail to identify or reach minorities for tie simple reason that minorities generally are poorer and more transient. At the venire stage, those minorities who actually receive notification report to the courthouse at a …

Third-Party Defenses To Mortgages, Ann Burkhart

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When the holder of a note and mortgage 1 asserts its rights, well-established law delineates what defenses are available to those who are liable for the debt. However, in some cases a person who is not liable for the debt-a "third party" to the loan transaction-may have a defense against the holder's action. Although the third party is not liable for the debt, it may have an interest in the mortgaged land or in the mortgage itself. Unfortunately, the law is not nearly as clear in this situation. The confusion arises in large part because the laws concerning notes and …

Juvenile And Criminal Justice Systems' Responses To Youth Violence, Barry C. Feld

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Within the past decade, nearly every state has amended its juvenile code in response to perceived increases in serious, persistent, and violent youth crime. These changes diminish the jurisdiction of juvenile courts as judicial decisions and statutory changes transfer more youths from juvenile courts to criminal courts so that young offenders can be sentenced as adults. Amendments to juvenile sentencing laws increase the punitiveness of sanctions available to juvenile court judges. Other strategies attempt to "blend," or merge, juvenile and criminal court jurisdiction and sentencing authority over violent young offenders. These "get tough" policies affect the numbers and types of …

Confrontation: The Search For Basic Principles, Richard D. Friedman

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The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees the accused in a criminal prosecution the right "to be confronted with the Witnesses against him."' The Confrontation Clause clearly applies to those witnesses who testify against the accused at trial. Moreover, it is clear enough that confrontation ordinarily includes the accused's right to have those witnesses brought "face-toface," in the time-honored phrase, when they testify.2 But confrontation is much more than this "face-to-face" right. It also comprehends the right to have witnesses give their testimony under oath and to subject them to crossexamination. 3 Indeed, the Supreme Court has treated the accused's …

An Economic Analysis Of Intellectual Property Rights: Justifications And Problems Of Exclusive Rights, Incentives To Generate Information, And The Alternative Of A Government Run Reward System, Steve Calandrillo

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This article examines and questions the traditional justifications for intellectual property (I.P.) rights in America (focusing on copyright and patent law), and explores incentives necessary to induce the creation of these works of information. I conclude that changes are needed to I.P. law in order to best foster society's dual goals of 1) promoting incentives to create I.P. works (such as currently patented drugs), while also 2) maximizing distribution of those products to all consumers who would stand to gain (and not merely those who can afford the monopoly price charged). Hence, I suggest the creation of a Government-Run Reward …

Islamic Law As A Source Of Constitutional Law In Egypt: The Constitutionalization Of The Sharia In A Modern Arab State, Clark B. Lombardi

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No abstract provided.

Secrets And Lies? Swiss Banks And International Human Rights, Anita Ramasastry

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This Article explores the relationship of Swiss banks and their tradition of bank secrecy to the activities of a particular group of depositors: war criminals and other human rights violators. The Article focuses on litigation brought in U.S. courts by plaintiffs seeking access to Swiss bank deposits made by the Nazis and Ferdinand Marcos. The Article examines the possibility of holding banks accountable under international law for assisting a customer who has committed a serious breach of international law. Part I introduces the role of bank secrecy in the current litigation. Part 11 describes the Swiss tradition of bank secrecy. …

Federalism In The Era Of International Standards: Federal And State Government Regulation Of Merchant Vessels In The United States (Part Ii), Craig H. Allen

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No abstract provided.

Federalism In The Era Of International Standards: Federal And State Government Regulation Of Merchant Vessels In The United States (Part I), Craig H. Allen

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In examining federalism issues relevant to merchant vessels, this article will distinguish between those laws and regulations governing liability for harm and those which regulate safety. Federalism questions arise most frequently in the former, private, maritime law domain, when courts are called upon to determine judicial jurisdiction and the extent to which state law may be applied to adjudicate liability and damages in cases falling within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. Less frequently, the federalism debate focuses on public maritime law, when states seek to regulate commercial vessel safety or vessel-source pollution.

This article will begin with an examination of …

Couriers Without Luggage: Negotiable Instruments And Digital Signatures, Jane Kaufman Winn

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Prior to the very recent explosion of interest in the Internet, for decades electronic commerce had been conducted on a large scale over closed networks. Since the late 1960s, billions of dollars in funds transfers have been executed over networked computer systems such as the Federal Reserve Wire Network (Fedwire), Clearing House Interbank Payment System (CHIPS), and the automated clearing house system (ACH); billions of dollars of goods have been sold over electronic data interchange networks. These closed, proprietary networks were built during the era of mainframe computer systems and are now being challenged by open networks of distributed client-server …

Open Systems, Free Markets, And Regulation Of Internet Commerce, Jane Kaufman Winn

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Can commercial transactions conducted over the Internet be regulated by existing commercial law doctrines? Many promoters of Internet commerce argue that business done over open computer networks such as the Internet will require a new regulatory framework In fact, many issues raised by Internet commerce have already been considered at length in the context of electronic commerce conducted over closed computer networks, such as those used in financial markets.

One of the most hotly debated issues regarding the regulation of Internet commerce is the question of what would be the online equivalent of a signature. Some have argued that, because …

Alejandre V. Republic Of Cuba [Cuban Liability For Shooting Down Civil Aircraft], Stephen J. Schnably

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No abstract provided.

Strategies For Evaluating Software Usability, Ronan Fitzpatrick

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This paper presents a usage analysis and taxonomy of methods which are used to evaluate the usability of computer systems. To accommodate the analysis and taxonomy, a matrix of strategies which can be used for effective usability evaluation is presented. Such an analysis, taxonomy and strategies support human-computer interaction (HCI) professionals who have the responsibility for ensuring computer system usability. The strategies outlined are named Virtual Engineering, Soft Modelling, Hard Review and Real World. This paper also uses a composite set of existing popular generic evaluation methods which can be used as part of these strategies. The methods used are …

The Empire Strikes Back, A. Michael Froomkin

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No abstract provided.

Out Of The Shadow: Marking Intersections In And Between Asian Pacific American Critical Legal Scholarship And Latina/O Critical Legal Theory, Elizabeth M. Iglesias

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No abstract provided.

Is American Law Inherently Racist Krinock Lecture Series, Richard Delgado, Daniel A. Farber

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No abstract provided.

Civil Rule 53: An Enabling Act Challenge (Federal Practice And Procedure Symposiusm Honoring Charles Alan Wright), Edward H. Cooper

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The Judicial Conference of the United States is charged by statute to "carry on a continuous study of the operation and effect of the general rules of practice and procedure," recommending desirable changes to the Supreme Court.' The Rules Enabling Act,2 which describes the Supreme Court's role, further provides that the Judicial Conference is to be assisted in this task by a "standing committee on rules of practice, procedure, and evidence" ;3 the standing committee in turn reviews "each recommendation of any other committees" appointed to advise it.4

Listening To The Sounds Of Sovereignty But Missing The Beat: Does The New Federalism Really Matter Symposium: National Power And State Autonomy Calibrating The New New Federalism, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.

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No abstract provided.

Latino And Latina Critical Theory: An Annotated Bibliography Latcrit: Latinas/Os And The Law: A Joint Symposium By California Law Review And La Raza Law Journal: Policy, Politics, And Praxis, Jean Stefancic

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No abstract provided.

Rodrigo's Committee Assignment: A Skeptical Look At Judicial Independence Judicial Independence And Accountability Symposium, Richard Delgado

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No abstract provided.