Digital Commons Network^™

Comparing Thin And Volume Regimes Of Analog Holograms For Wavefront Sensing, Emma Branigan, Andreas Zepp, Suzanne Martin, Matthew Sheehan, Szymon Gladysz, Kevin Murphy

Articles

Two analog holographic wavefront sensors, for measurement of defocus, have been fabricated as both thin and volume phase transmission holograms in a self-developing photopolymer. This represents the first reported direct comparison of hologram regimes when designed for wavefront sensing. An analysis of the effect of crosstalk in the presence of one other aberration mode (astigmatism X (0/90°), coma X (horizontal), and primary spherical aberration) was carried out with each version of the sensor. The performance of thin and volume analog holographic wavefront sensors was characterized under emulated conditions associated with moderate atmospheric turbulence.

Designing Self-Management For And With Persons Living With Dementia Osullivan, Dympna, Dympna O'Sullivan, Michael Wilson, Damon Berry, Orla Moran, Siobhan O,Neill, Ciaran Nugent, Jonathan Turner, Julie Doyle

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Promoting high quality of life for persons living with dementia has emerged as a central goal in global public health agendas. The emphasis has shifted from extending life to actively enhancing overall well-being by postponing or preventing additional disability. This represents a departure from traditional medical perspectives on dementia to a more socially-oriented approach, placing a strong focus on wellbeing.

In parallel, the concept of self-management for people with living dementia has emerged, where this is a person-centred approach in which the individual is empowered and has ownership over the management of their life and condition. Practice recommendations for person-centered …

Knowledge Held Hostage: What The British Library Ransomware Attack Can Teach Us, Moira Fiscus

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The British Library hack and its response serve as a clear example of the vulnerability of institutions of higher learning to such attacks and the importance of maintaining an open dialogue with the public during recovery. This open dialogue is currently lacking as universities attempt to move on and cover up these attacks quickly. This paper aims to start the conversation by providing three examples of institutions that went through a hack that left their services down for a significant period, how it affected those they serve, how these institutions responded, and what information was made public.

Alternative Dispute Resolution In Agency Administrative Programs, Kristen Blankley, Kathleen Claussen, Judith Starr

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This Article studies how federal agencies use and might better use different types of alternative dispute resolution (ADR)-including mediation, conciliation, facilitation, factfinding, minitrials, arbitration, and the use of ombuds-in the programs Congress has entrusted them to administer. The use of ADR by the executive branch of the federal government to resolve disputes with or among private actors has deep historical roots. ADR related to managerial agency matters such as employment or procurement is well-established across the government and performed under a uniform set of laws. Much less has been known, however, about the scope and reach of ADR in the …

Investigation Of The Uv-Resistance Of Photopolymerisable Glass For Space Applications, Luca Sorridente, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Izabela Naydenova, Kevin Murphy

Articles

The progress of space based scientific research leads to an increasing demand for more efficient and less bulky instruments. Conventional refractive elements make up a critical part of many optical instruments launched into space; however, they can be bulky and heavy. Holographic optical elements are an efficient alternative to replace the conventional optical elements as they are lightweight and can be miniaturized. Current materials typically used for volume holographic optical elements are not robust enough for use in space environment. Recently a promising photopolymerisable glass has been developed using a sol-gel technique, which can provide dry layers suitable for holographic …

Digital Barter Taxes: A Legal Defense, Young Ran (Christine) Kim, Darien Shanske

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This short essay, aimed at state legislators, defends digital barter taxes from the most common legal objections.

Digital Barter Taxes Are Good Tax Policy, Young Ran (Christine) Kim, Darien Shanske

Articles

This short essay, aimed at state legislators, argues that digital barter taxes are good tax policy.

The Broader Lessons Of Privacy Law, Salome Viljoen

Articles

This Article explores the trend of privacy—and what kind of techno-social or legal effect ought to count as a “privacy harm”—expanding to encompass a growing set of social factors. This big-tent approach to privacy has several virtues. However, it also comes with a few costs. While others have explored the conceptual and doctrinal tradeoffs that an expansive approach to privacy may entail, this Article focuses on a secondary effect the trend toward expansiveness has had on the relationship between privacy scholarship and legal scholarship more broadly. This Article suggests that the internal expansiveness of privacy means that insights developed within …

Let Us Feast! The Long Tradition Of The Feast And How It Has Featured Through Time In Literature And Film, Anke Klitzing

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Why do we celebrate so often with good food? Festive meals are as ancient as they are contemporary, and have featured in books, films and stories since we began to tell them, from Beowulf to Big Night (1996). Feasts strengthen interpersonal and communal bonds, but also offer the chance to showcase wealth and generosity; however, being a host can be a challenge as well.

Raising The Bar: The Nextgen Bar Exam And Contract Drafting, Susan M. Chesler, Karen J. Sneddon

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Set to debut in July 2026, the NextGen Bar Exam will test a broad range of foundational lawyering skills needed in today’s practice of law, including contract interpretation, drafting, and revising. According to the National Conference of Bar Examiners (“NCBE”), this exam is designed “to balance the skills and knowledge needed in litigation and transactional legal practice.” More specifically, the foundational skills that will be tested include drafting and revising contract provisions consistent with the facts, the law, and the client’s objectives, interests, and constraints. The NCBE has indicated that the examinees’ knowledge of the doctrinal subject matter topics, like …

Free Speech Originalism: Unconstraining In Theory And Opportunistic In Practice, Caroline Mala Corbin

Articles

Courts should not apply originalism in freedom of expression cases. Originalists claim that originalism prevents judges from imposing their own views. It does not-not in theory and not in practice. Instead, as the treatment of hate speech bans suggests, it is not principles but outcomes that determine whether and which version of originalism is used. Moreover, a true originalist First Amendment would likely lead to impoverished free speech protections.

Part I provides background on original public meaning originalism, the iteration of originalism currently favored by scholars. It also explains how the theory falls short of its original promise of limiting …

Trade Law Policing On The Factory Floor: Next Generation Agreements And Their Corporate Accountability Tools, Kathleen Claussen

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Trade policymakers' increased attention to sustainability has prompted the development of trade tools focused on corporate accountability within international trade agreements. As evidenced by the creation and use of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement's Rapid Response Labor Mechanism, this institutional shift has potent implications for labour rights and environmental protections. This article, which transcribes a lecture delivered at the Lauterpacht Centre in October 2023, scrutinises the turn toward supply-chain policing within international trade law and its institutional, legal, sociological, rhetorical and disciplinary effects.

The Myth Of Slavery Abolition, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum

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In many countries today, slavery and the slave trade continue with impunity. International human rights law prohibits both abuses, but states are rarely held accountable and people who are enslaved or slave traded rarely receive redress. This Article offers a novel account of why international human rights law advocacy neglects slavery and the slave trade. Specifically, this Article demonstrates that the abolition of the Transatlantic and East African slave trades was achieved through a legal framework that marginalized the human rights of enslaved persons while consolidating empire. In the wake of World War II, prohibitions on slavery and the slave …

Back To The Future? Rishi Sunak's Industrial Strategy Save Related Papers Chat With Paper, Richard Woodward, James Silverwood

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Since becoming Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak has been variously described as pursuing a ‘furtive’, ‘surreptitious’ and ‘apologetic’ industrial strategy. Terms such as industrial policy and industrial strategy have been expunged from official speeches and policy documents, yet industrial intervention remains widespread. In adopting this approach, the article argues that Sunak has returned the UK to an industrial policy consensus established under Thatcherism. This consensus places in the foreground pro-market rhetoric and policies suggesting that industrial strategy should be limited to the correction of market failure, while in the background the state actively intervenes to shape the structure of the economy …

Holographic Multiplexing In A Photopolymerisable Hybrid Sol-Gel, Pamela Stoeva, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Izabela Naydenova, Kevin Murphy

Articles

Holographic multiplexing techniques enhance functionality and information storage by leveraging the inherent selectivity of holograms. This is crucial for advancing holographic sensors, which excel in simultaneously detecting multiple parameters from a single input signal. This study explores the potential of the recent photopolymerisable hybrid sol-gel (PHSG) material for application in Space sensing systems through the investigation of its holographic angular multiplexing capabilities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report the successful recording of up to five angularly multiplexed gratings with diffraction efficiencies (DE) ≥ 15% in 187 ± 18 µm PHSG layers. A 3 mW/cm2 …

Reynolds Revisited: The Original Meaning Of Reynolds V. United States And Free Exercise After Fulton, Clark B. Lombardi

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This Article calls for a profound reevaluation of the stories that are being told today about the Supreme Court’s free exercise jurisprudence starting with the Court’s seminal 1879 decision in Reynolds v. United States and proceeding up to the present day. Scholars and judges today agree that the Supreme Court in Reynolds interpreted the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to protect only religious belief and not religiously motivated action. All casebooks today embrace this interpretation of the case, and the Supreme Court has regularly endorsed it over the past twenty years, most recently in 2022. However, this Article …

Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-On-A-Chip Models For Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics, Gayathree Thenuwara, Bilal Javed, Baljit Singh, Furong Tian

Articles

Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, poses a significant challenge owing to its dynamic and intricate tumor microenvironment. This review investigates the innovative integration of biosensor-enhanced organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models as a novel strategy for an in-depth exploration of glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, the transformative approach of incorporating biosensors into OOC platforms has enabled real-time monitoring and analysis of cellular behaviors within a controlled microenvironment. Conventional in vitro and in vivo models exhibit inherent limitations in accurately replicating the complex nature of glioblastoma progression. This review addresses the existing research gap by pioneering the integration of biosensor-enhanced OOC …

Defeat Fascism, Transform Democracy: Mapping Academic Resources, Reframing The Fundamentals, And Organizing For Collective Actions, Francisco Valdes

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No abstract provided.

Rule 11 Is No Match For Generative Al, Jessica Gunder

Articles

In a series of high-profile ethics debacles, attorneys who used generative Al technology found themselves in hot water after they negligently relied on fictitious cases and false statements of law crafted by the technology. These attorneys mistakenly relied upon the output they received from a generative Al product without verifying and validating that output. Their embarrassing ethical breaches made national news, and spurred judges to implement standing orders that require attorneys to disclose their use of Al technology. Scholars were quick to criticize these standing orders' and the standing orders are rife with problems. But are they needed? Or are …

Liability Rules For Automated Vehicle: Definitions And Details, William H. Widen, Phillip Koopman

Articles

This paper explains how the law ought to assign liability for automated vehicle accidents by providing an example of a proposed statute. We advocate for the creation of the legal fiction of a "Computer Driver," which can have negligence liability, anytime a court or jury determines that the Computer Driver's behavior failed to imitate or exceed the level of care we would expect of an attentive and unimpaired Human Driver in similar circumstances. We then use this concept to explain how to determine contributory negligence and comparative fault when control of a vehicle is transferred from a Computer Driver to …

Bounded Entities And (Some Of) Their Discontents, Saurabh Vishnubhakat

Articles

In his new article An Organizational Theory of International Technology Transfer, Professor Peter Lee offers two richly detailed accounts at once. One is a novel theoretical framework of "bounded entities" that generalizes both from the classic theory of the firm and, of more recent vintage, from the knowledge-based theory of the firm to specify a broader notion of organizations that are bounded in the sense of robust internal integration through corporate or contractual means. In short, such entities are not firms but resemble them in consequential ways. The other account is a practical elaboration of bounded entities that are multinational …

Big Data Searches And The Future Of Criminal Procedure, Mary Fan

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This Article proceeds in three parts. Part I illuminates the nostalgic Luddism that influences Fourth Amendment jurisprudence and the challenges posed by evolving technologies to this dominant lens. This Part explains the operation of geofence and keyword warrants and how their power to crack cold cases by unidentified perpetrators both tempt and terrify. The confusion in the courts over the constitutionality of geofence and keyword warrants is emblematic of the larger challenges of the Romantic Luddism in Fourth Amendment originalism that has grown in influence over the decades.

Part II frames and theorizes the concepts of collateral impact and collateral …

Downstreaming, Rachel Landy

Articles

Spotify and its competitors all offer the same product at the same price. Why? Scholars have argued that relationships can be designed in a way that naturally promotes innovation. By “braiding” certain formal contracting practices with informal enforcement norms, parties develop a frame-work that supports trust and positive, long-term collaboration. This Article takes on this consensus and shows that not all braiding is good. Using the multibillion-dollar subscription music streaming business as an illustration, it demonstrates just how industry forces can, and do, overcome braiding’s positive slant. In that industry, the major record labels (Universal, Warner, and Sony) weaponize braiding …

Rejoinder To Rural Transformations And Rural Crime Book Review Published In Rural Society (Vol. 32, Iss. 3), Matt Bowden, Alistair Harkness

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In his review, John Scott makes two key but misleading charges: first is an intimation that rural criminology is dominated by a clique of scholars; and second that the book by and large lacks ‘critical’ analysis to his liking. The reviewer provides a glimpse of a broad analysis of the field and adopts an independently minded position. Indeed, some observations and claims are made that should rightly be part of a wider debate in criminology broadly, about its relevance, impact and contribution to the social sciences: legitimate and important questions that ought to be addressed. However, a few errors in …

A Tale Of Two Subject-To-Tax Rules, Sol Picciotto, Jeffery M. Kadet, Bob Michel

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In this article, we analyze and compare two proposals for a new subject-to-tax rule (STTR) provision to be included in tax treaties, one from the U.N. Tax Committee and the other from the G20/OECD inclusive framework on base erosion and profit shifting. The U.N. proposal is broad, and would clarify that restrictions in tax treaties on taxation of income at the source where it is derived are conditional on that income being taxed at an agreed-upon minimum rate in the country where it is received. The inclusive framework version is much more limited, being confined to payments between connected entities …

Reimagining First Amendment Remedies, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr., Caprice L. Roberts

Articles

Since the Warren Court's landmark First Amendment decisions of the I 9 6os, the Supreme Court has aggressively deployed the Free Speech Clause to provide broad substantive protections for expressive freedoms. These rules, in theory, should effectively safeguard the marketplace of political ideas and facilitate both speaker and audience autonomy. No matter haw broadly fashioned, however, a constitutional rule is only as strong as the remedies available to enforce it–and far too often, First Amendment remedies are either woefully weak or effectively nonexistent. When a would-be First Amendment plaintiff cannot obtain a meaningful remedy for a proven constitutional violation, the …

Feedback Loops: Going Negative, Patrick Barry

Articles

Aelet Fishbach is a professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business who has studied how people seek out and process negative feedback. One of the ways she has done this is through a classroom exercise in which she divides the students into two groups: feedback givers and feedback receivers. The givers are told to pair up with a receiver and communicate the following feedback in a one-on-one setting: The person's performance s unsatisfactory; improvement is needed; and there are concrete ways they can get on the right track.

What Can State Medical Boards Do To Effectively Address Serious Ethical Violations?, Tristan Mcintosh, Elizabeth Pendo, Heidi A. Walsh, Kari A. Baldwin, Patricia King, Emily E. Anderson, Catherine V. Caldicott, Jeffrey D. Carter, Sandra H. Johnson, Katherine Matthews, William A. Norcross, Dana C. Shaffer, James M. Dubois

Articles

State Medical Boards (SMBs) can take severe disciplinary actions (e.g., license revocation or suspension) against physicians who commit egregious wrongdoing in order to protect the public. However, there is noteworthy variability in the extent to which SMBs impose severe disciplinary action. In this manuscript, we present and synthesize a subset of 11 recommendations based on findings from our team’s larger consensus-building project that identified a list of 56 policies and legal provisions SMBs can use to better protect patients from egregious wrongdoing by physicians.

Distinguishing Privacy Law: A Critique Of Privacy As Social Taxonomy, María P. Angel, Ryan Calo

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What distinguishes privacy violations from other harms? This has proven a surprisingly difficult question to answer. For over a century, privacy law scholars labored to define the elusive concept of privacy. Then they gave up. Efforts to distinguish privacy were superseded at the turn of the millennium by a new approach: a taxonomy of privacy problems grounded in social recognition. Privacy law became the field that simply studies whatever courts or scholars talk about as related to privacy.

Decades into privacy as social taxonomy, the field has expanded to encompass a broad range of information-based harms—from consumer manipulation to algorithmic …

Calculating The Harms Of Political Use Of Popular Music, Jake Linford, Aaron Perzanowski

Articles

When Donald Trump descended the escalator of Trump Tower to announce his 2016 presidential bid, Neil Young’s “Rockin’ in the Free World” blared from the loudspeakers. Almost immediately, Young’s management made clear that the campaign’s use of the song was unauthorized. Neil Young was not alone. Trump drew similar objections from dozens of artists during his first two presidential bids. But as a matter of copyright law, it is unclear whether artists can prevent their songs from being played at campaign rallies.