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Variation Of Vocs Inside A New Car During The First Year And Their Relationship To Temperature, Maneerat Ongwandee, Thabtim Chatsuvan, Theerapong Sairat, Kritsanaphong Lephol
Variation Of Vocs Inside A New Car During The First Year And Their Relationship To Temperature, Maneerat Ongwandee, Thabtim Chatsuvan, Theerapong Sairat, Kritsanaphong Lephol
Applied Environmental Research
Passenger exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicle interiors hasincreasingly drawn public concern over their potential health risks. This study aimed to investigate ambient levels of in-cabin VOCs in a new car over the period of one year after first delivery. The relationship between VOC concentrations and in-cabin temperature was also studied. Seventeen active air samplings inside a parked new car were conducted from February 2012 to February 2013 using sorbent tubes. Six VOCs were measured with first-month average concentrations of 215 µgm-3for benzene, 65.6 µgm-3for toluene, 151 µgm-3for 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 806 µgm-3for ethyl acetate, 183 µgm-3for formaldehyde, and …
Environmental Management And Monitoring Of Mining Operation In Lao Pdr, Phengkhamla Phonvisai, Jiragorn Gajaseni
Environmental Management And Monitoring Of Mining Operation In Lao Pdr, Phengkhamla Phonvisai, Jiragorn Gajaseni
Applied Environmental Research
Overall, mining projects make a significant contribution to gross of domestic product (GDP) in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Benefits include increased export revenues, provision of royalty and tax income to the government, technology transfer, worker training and the creation of a skilled workforce. This can also lead to improved social, physical, legal and financial infrastructure due to development around the mining areas such as roads, electricity and water distribution. Managed properly, economic benefits from mining projects can benefit future generations,even after operations have ceased. For Lao PDR, rapid expansion of the mining sector is seen as vital to …
Sustainable Mining In Thailand: Paradigm Shift In Environmental Management, Saneh Niyomthai, Annuwat Wattanawan
Sustainable Mining In Thailand: Paradigm Shift In Environmental Management, Saneh Niyomthai, Annuwat Wattanawan
Applied Environmental Research
Thailand'smining industry has always been considered as an industrial activity generating significant environmental burdens. This is because environmental management in the sectorwas given lower prioritycompared with economic benefits. The resulting adverse environmental effects in areas surrounding some mining areas required government interventions.Accordingly, the sustainable development of mineral resources requires a delicate balance of economic, environmental and societal considerations. To respond to this challenge, Thailand needs a paradigm shift in environmental management towards sustainablemining, in order to maximize benefits from exploitation of the mineral resources,whilst ensuring co-existence and mutual benefits of mining activities and their surrounding communities.This article seeks to provide …
Utilization Of Cellular Glass Insulation Waste In Construction Materials, Thitikorn Buasomboon, Orathai Chavalparit
Utilization Of Cellular Glass Insulation Waste In Construction Materials, Thitikorn Buasomboon, Orathai Chavalparit
Applied Environmental Research
This research investigated the feasibility of using cellular glass insulation waste as fine aggregate in concrete paving block production. The effect of mixing proportions of cellular glass insulation waste at 0-40% by volume was studied. Results show that the amount of cellular glass waste can be used as a substitute for fine aggregate or sand up to 20%. Concrete specimens tested for compressive strength were found to be within an acceptable range of the interlocking concrete blockpavingstandard set byThailand Industrial Standards Institute. The compressive strength at 28 d was 41.50 MPa, with density ranging from 2.18 to 2.20 g cm-3. …
Preface To The Special Issue Of Green Mining "Mineral Resources, Mining And Environmental Management In Asean", David A.C. Manning
Preface To The Special Issue Of Green Mining "Mineral Resources, Mining And Environmental Management In Asean", David A.C. Manning
Applied Environmental Research
This issue of Applied Environmental Research includes seven of the papers that were presented at a Regional Workshop on "Mineral Resources, Mining and Environmental Management in ASEAN", held in Bangkok from 6-8th June, 2013. The theme of the meeting concerned the approach to sustainable mining adopted by the different ASEAN nations that were able to attend, namely Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Indonesia, with additional papers from the UK and Germany. An important aspect of the meeting was to compare current practice in individual countries, and this is reflected in the content of the papers published here. Manning's paper on …
Resolving The Conflict Between Mining And Sustainability, David A.C. Manning
Resolving The Conflict Between Mining And Sustainability, David A.C. Manning
Applied Environmental Research
Mining is essential for human health and prosperity, and is increasing as the global populationgrows. The need for minerals appears to conflict with what is commonly understood as 'sustainability',as geological resources are non-renewable on a human timescale. However, the Brundtland definition of sustainability includes the concept of 'needs', implying that there has to be a balanced approach thatconsiders poverty alleviation. It identifies the three pillars of sustainability: economic, social and environmental.In the UK, mining has a legacy extending back over 6000 years. The approach taken to sustainability will be illustrated by 3 examples from northern England. In the 18thand 19thcenturies, …
Danger And Avoidance Of Damage Related To Tailings Dams And Tailings Ponds, Wilhelm G. Coldewey
Danger And Avoidance Of Damage Related To Tailings Dams And Tailings Ponds, Wilhelm G. Coldewey
Applied Environmental Research
Tailings dams can present high environmental and human health risks. For this reason, emergency planning for all installations of tailings storage facilities is essential. Recom-mendationsfor measurements concerning the safety of tailings dams are given.
Artisanal-Small Scale Mining In Myanmar, Aung Kyin
Artisanal-Small Scale Mining In Myanmar, Aung Kyin
Applied Environmental Research
In many parts of the world, artisanal or small-scale mining activities are at least as important as large-scale mining activities. The numbers of people employed are actually considerably greater than in large companies. In 2002, an estimated 13 million people a large percentage of those are women and children are artisanal and small scale miners operating mainly in developing countries. Although the numbers of small-scale miners and their dependents are estimated at up to 80-100 million people, governments are frequently reluctant to give legal recognition to artisanal miners [1].This paper discusses approaches to developthe Artisanal - Small Scale Mining (ASM) …
Sustainable Mining In Myanmar, Kyi Htun
Sustainable Mining In Myanmar, Kyi Htun
Applied Environmental Research
Myanmar is endowed with abundant natural and mineral resources. However, environmentaldegradation and social impacts have increased in recent years due to foreign investment in the mining sector and the application of modern technology in mining and processing methods to increase productivity. The growing trend towards new mining methods, particularly the shift from underground to open-cut method to mine and process low-grade ores contribute to generation of large volumes of waste rock and tailings, presenting a major disposal challenge. Wastes containing sulfides will further degrade the environment. Absence of an efficient legal framework for Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (ASM) for …
Removal Of Nitrate By Bimetallic Copper-Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (Cu-Nzvi): Using 2k Full Factorial Design, Nalinee Krasae, Kitirote Wantala, Puek Tantriratna, Nurak Grisdanurak
Removal Of Nitrate By Bimetallic Copper-Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (Cu-Nzvi): Using 2k Full Factorial Design, Nalinee Krasae, Kitirote Wantala, Puek Tantriratna, Nurak Grisdanurak
Applied Environmental Research
Enhanced nitrate reduction of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) by Cu prepared by impregnation method was studied in this work. Using a full factorial design, the performance of nZVI with and without Cu on surface in acidic and neutral conditions was investigated. Static batch reactor was selected in this study to investigate the effects of the independent variables such as catalysts (nZVI with and without Cu), initial pH of solutions (3, 7), and reaction times (10, 30 min). The results found that nitrate removal over Cu-nZVI was greater than that of nZVI by about 37% and 36% at pH 3 …
Exposure To Btex And Assessment Of The Potential Risk Among Pregnant Residents Living In The Vicinity Of A Petro-Chemical Industrial Estate, Santi Keadthongthawee, Nipa Maharachpong, Sirirat Chanvaivit, Nalinee Sripaung, Nantaporn Phatrabuddha
Exposure To Btex And Assessment Of The Potential Risk Among Pregnant Residents Living In The Vicinity Of A Petro-Chemical Industrial Estate, Santi Keadthongthawee, Nipa Maharachpong, Sirirat Chanvaivit, Nalinee Sripaung, Nantaporn Phatrabuddha
Applied Environmental Research
This research was conducted to estimate exposure and risk of exposure to BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene)by a cross-sectional studying among pregnant women who lived in the vicinity of a petro-chemical industrial estatearea. Personal exposure was monitored by environmental and biological sampling.Other relevant data were gathered by a structured questionnaire for analysis. The relationship between BTEX exposure and potential risk factors was determined by multiple linear regression. Average BTEX exposure levels were 18.89, 29.40, 10.26, and 17.85µg m-3, respectively, which were significantlyhigher than the control group. Urinary metabolite levels of muconic acid(t,t-MA), hippuric acid (HA),mandelic acid (MA), andmethyl-hippuric acid …
Silicate As The Probable Causative Agent For The Periodic Blooms In The Coastal Waters Of South Andaman Sea, Karthik Raji, Arun Kumar Muthuraj, Gadi Padmavati
Silicate As The Probable Causative Agent For The Periodic Blooms In The Coastal Waters Of South Andaman Sea, Karthik Raji, Arun Kumar Muthuraj, Gadi Padmavati
Applied Environmental Research
Periodic algal blooms of three diatom species such as Coscinodiscus centralis, Rhizosolenia alata andRhizosolenia imbricata were observedduringSeptember 2011, December 2011 and March 2012 in the coastal waters of South Andaman Sea at Junglighat bay area (11° 39 N and 92° 43 E). The blooms were intense, with Coscinodiscus at aconcentration of 89,000 cells mL-1(contributing 85 to 98% to the total phytoplanktonpopulation), Rhizosolenia alataat a concentration of 13,000 cellsmL-1(86-93%) and Rhizosolenia imbricata at aconcentration of 19,000 cells. mL-1(91-99%). Nutrients, most importantly nitrate and silicate have emerged as the key factors controlling phytoplankton growth in this area
Incremental Concentration Of Black Carbon Aerosol From Road Traffic In Inner Bangkok, Panwadee Suwattiga
Incremental Concentration Of Black Carbon Aerosol From Road Traffic In Inner Bangkok, Panwadee Suwattiga
Applied Environmental Research
Commonly referred to as soot, black carbon (BC) is a primary aerosol emitted from incomplete combustion of organic materials such as fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass. BC aerosolis a dominant anthropogenic solar radiation absorber, absorbing approximately 1 million times more radiation per unit of mass than CO2. Recent research has found that BC is the second largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming. BC aerosol is not only a short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) but also an air pollutant that adversely affects human health. Emission sources of BC aerosol are mainly residential, industrial, transportation related and/or and open burning sources. In a …
Malaria Epidemics Under Climate Change Scenarios In Thailand, Chayut Pinichka, Kampanad Bhaktikul, Saranya Sucharitakul, Kanitta Bundhamcharoen
Malaria Epidemics Under Climate Change Scenarios In Thailand, Chayut Pinichka, Kampanad Bhaktikul, Saranya Sucharitakul, Kanitta Bundhamcharoen
Applied Environmental Research
The objective of this study was to estimate avoidable burden on disease of malaria in Thailand under climate conditions in the future. The study was based on climate projection under 2 different situations which included the regionally economic development (A2) and the local environmental sustainability (B2). 1991-2011 climate data collection was used to create nonlinear mixed regression model. The variables in monthly time step, which included maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, humidity, average wind speed. The results were found the best fitting model, model 2, which adjusted R-Square = 0.818 and RMSE = 763.27. The average disease incidence in the …
The Water-Managed Patterns Of Local Irrigation System For Agriculture In Mae Khan Watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Chaowalit Simsuay, Apiwat Ratanawaraha
The Water-Managed Patterns Of Local Irrigation System For Agriculture In Mae Khan Watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Chaowalit Simsuay, Apiwat Ratanawaraha
Applied Environmental Research
This research is a conceptual framework study of the water- managed patterns of local (Muang Fai) irrigation systems for agriculture in Mae Khan watershed area, Chiang Mai Province by using the model of Elinor Ostrom and Lertwicha and Wichainkhiew. The objectives were; to study the pattern of water resource management based on the topography, to study the factors affected the existing of water management patterns, and to study the development and the changes of water management patterns in Mae Khan watershed basin. The research methodologies were the field trip survey, questionnaires, and depth interview with the groups of leaders, water …
Ambient And Personal Exposure Levels Of Btex Among School Children Residing Near The Oil Refineries In Chonburi Province, Nantaporn Phatrabuddha, Nipa Maharatchpong, Sastri Saowakhontha
Ambient And Personal Exposure Levels Of Btex Among School Children Residing Near The Oil Refineries In Chonburi Province, Nantaporn Phatrabuddha, Nipa Maharatchpong, Sastri Saowakhontha
Applied Environmental Research
Benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylene (X) known as BTEX are commonly observed in the refinery industrial area and acknowledged that pose a threat to human health, and possibly even more so to children. Personal exposure of 86 schoolchildren and the ambient air levels were measured simultaneously. The potential risks of BTEX exposure were also investigated. The results revealed that the highest BTEX personal exposures were observed in school children residing close to the oil refinery. The average ambient level of benzene and toluene were comparable to these level of personal exposure which indicated the large impact of …
Physicochemical And Microbial Analysis Of Tap Water, Well Water And Sachet Water From Parts Of Abeokuta South Local Government Area In Nigeria, Anslem Diayi, Ojo L.O., Gbadebo A. M., Idabor V. N.
Physicochemical And Microbial Analysis Of Tap Water, Well Water And Sachet Water From Parts Of Abeokuta South Local Government Area In Nigeria, Anslem Diayi, Ojo L.O., Gbadebo A. M., Idabor V. N.
Applied Environmental Research
Water samples were collected from taps, wells and in sachets (table water) from various locations in Abeokuta South Local Government Area. The samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses in order to determine the suitability of the waters for drinking purposes. pH, temperature and conductivity were determined using Hana Combo (HI 98129). Evaporation method was used for total solids determination while titration was employed for alkalinity. Trace metals were subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) while Multiple Tubed Fermentation Technique was used for the microbial examination of the water samples obtained. From the results obtained, Fe (mg L-1) values obtained ranged …
Metal Concentrations In Sediments Of The Ogun River, Nigeria, Anslem Diayi, Gbadebo A.M., Adekunle I. M., Awomeso J. A.
Metal Concentrations In Sediments Of The Ogun River, Nigeria, Anslem Diayi, Gbadebo A.M., Adekunle I. M., Awomeso J. A.
Applied Environmental Research
Sediment samples were collected from various locations along the Ogun River basin after which they were subjected to physicochemical analysis in order to determine the concentration of metals in the sediments as well as other sediment characteristics like pH, texture, cation exchange capacity etc. The samples were collected using a Van Veen Sediment grab after which they were stored in labeled polythene bags and transported in ice packed coolers to the laboratory. They were air dried, sieved and hand pulverized. Sediment trace metal analysis was determined using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Data obtained were subjected to Analysis …
Carbon Footprint For Organization; Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Isaree Rodtusana
Carbon Footprint For Organization; Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Isaree Rodtusana
Applied Environmental Research
This study was conducted to assess carbon footprint of the Huachiew Chalermprakiet University in academic year 2010. The study was three scopes contributed in emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) in term of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The first scope was direct emissions which were electricity generation from auxiliary equipment, fuel combustion of the vehicles, fugitive emission, chemical fertilizer utilization, and wastewater treatment. The second scope was indirect GHGs emission from electricity consumption and the third scope was other indirect GHGs emissions. The study revealed that the Huachiew Chalermprakiet University had emitted CO2e by 4,640 ton a-1. The highest emission scope was …
Aerosol And Cloud Condensation Nuclei Distribution During Summer Season Over Northern Region Of Thailand, Pakdee Chantraket, Nuenghatai Tantiplubthong, Thitikorn Chanyatham
Aerosol And Cloud Condensation Nuclei Distribution During Summer Season Over Northern Region Of Thailand, Pakdee Chantraket, Nuenghatai Tantiplubthong, Thitikorn Chanyatham
Applied Environmental Research
Background aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements are crucial to comprehend the impacts of cloud processes and formations. During summer season from March to May 2012 using all 14 flights of research super king air aircraft, aerosol concentrations (CN) and CCN at super-saturation 0.50 % were carried out over seven provinces in the rural background aerosol of northern Thailand. Aerosol size spectra between 20 nm and 50 \mum were also measured with combining measurements from the differential mobility analyzer (DMA), passive cavity aerosol spectrometer (PCASP) and fast-forwarding scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP). CCN concentrations were measured with CCN Counter. In …
Livelihood Dynamic In Semi Arid Communities: Adapting To Climate Change Around Kainji Lake, Nigeria, Usman Raheem, Felix Olorunfemi, Olutoyin Fashae, Gbenga Awotayo
Livelihood Dynamic In Semi Arid Communities: Adapting To Climate Change Around Kainji Lake, Nigeria, Usman Raheem, Felix Olorunfemi, Olutoyin Fashae, Gbenga Awotayo
Applied Environmental Research
The consequences of climate change and extreme meteorological events, particularly for rural dwellers is the collapse of many natural resource based livelihood systems. Thus as an adaptation strategy, many households often need to change their major occupation or supplement it with some other jobs that may be less vulnerable to during extreme weather conditions. This study examines livelihood diversification consequent on climate change and/or extreme weather events in the semi-arid regions of Nigeria. This is with a view to determining the sustainability of adaptation strategies among rural dwellers. Using a mixed method approach, Focus Group Discussion sessions and structured questionnaire …
Effect Of Ecological Factors On Vegetation And Carbon Stock On Samaesan Island, Chonburi Province, Thailand, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Paramate Payomrat
Effect Of Ecological Factors On Vegetation And Carbon Stock On Samaesan Island, Chonburi Province, Thailand, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Paramate Payomrat
Applied Environmental Research
This study aims to classify this littoral evergreen forest and to analyze the environmental factors that determine its composition and structure and evaluate the potential of carbon stock of each vegetation community. Seventy-five plots were sampled, the plant cover was measured, and the importance value index was calculated. Thirty-seven soil samples were analyzed, and cluster analysis was employed to classify the vegetation communities. Floristic and environmental data were evaluated and ordered using the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). THEOS was applied to classify the vegetation boundary. Allometric equations were used to calculate the aboveground biomass. The results revealed that the vegetation …
Urban Heat Island Phenomenon In Relation To Land Use/Land Cover In Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Area, Parinya Chayapong, Songkot Dasananda
Urban Heat Island Phenomenon In Relation To Land Use/Land Cover In Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Area, Parinya Chayapong, Songkot Dasananda
Applied Environmental Research
The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon can be found in the megacities around the world where near-surface temperatures over the city core area were notably higher than those over the surrounding rural area. Intensity of the UHI phenomenon (\inline \DeltaT) was usually measured by the temperature differences between urban locations and some refereed rural sites. This situation was resulted mainly from the presence of dense builtup elements, e.g. commercial buildings or houses, as well as human activities that tended to release considerable heat into atmosphere. At present, the UHI monitoring can be done efficiently by using satellite-based thermal infrared (TIR) …
Heavy Metal Accumulation In The Skeleton Of Porites Lutea From Ngam Island, Trat Province, Thailand, Mueanfan Boonkanta, Nathsuda Pumijumnong
Heavy Metal Accumulation In The Skeleton Of Porites Lutea From Ngam Island, Trat Province, Thailand, Mueanfan Boonkanta, Nathsuda Pumijumnong
Applied Environmental Research
For investigating variation of heavy metal concentration in growth bands of coral skeletons, Poriteslutea samples were collected from Ngam Island, Trat province, Thailand. The skeleton samples were cleaned using oxidative and reductive treatments to effectively eliminate detritus and organic materials and were acid-digested. Five heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in the growth bands of Porites lutea were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). As a result, the range of heavy metals found in coral skeletons (µg g-1 as dry weight) was: Cd (0.01-0.19), Cr …
Metal Concentrations In The Water And Bedrock Of Ogun River, Nigeria, Anslem Diayi, Michael Gbadebo
Metal Concentrations In The Water And Bedrock Of Ogun River, Nigeria, Anslem Diayi, Michael Gbadebo
Applied Environmental Research
Parts of the Ogun River basin namely Mokoloki, Brewery, Akomoje, Akin Olugbade, Lafenwa, Oyan, Arakanga, and Kara were surveyed to determine the effects of bedrock metals on the water quality of the river. Physicochemical analyses were done on the bedrock and water samples obtained while bedrock trace metal analyses were determined using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Water trace metal analyses were carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Data obtained were subjected to the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results obtained showed that Cadmium (Cd) (0.425-1.990 ppm for bedrock samples and 0.005-0.011 mg L-1 for water samples) …
Indoor Air Pollution: Volatile Organic Compounds In Non-Industrial Microenvironments In Thailand, Maneerat Ongwandee
Indoor Air Pollution: Volatile Organic Compounds In Non-Industrial Microenvironments In Thailand, Maneerat Ongwandee
Applied Environmental Research
This paper was intended to review literature related to indoor air quality research conducted in Thailand during the past decade. The content was devoted to a certain indoor pollutant group which were volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs were present indoors to a wide range of concentrations with a variety of chemical species. This paper discussed the VOC investigations designated to non-industrial microenvironments, which included workplaces, residences, and mass transit. Typically, levels of VOCs found in the nonindustrial microenvironments were significantly less than those found in industries. Although concentrations of VOCs in the non-industrial microenvironments may not be high enough to …
Factors Affecting Energy Consumption For Traveling Of Households In Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Pattana Sirichotpundit, Chamlong Poboon, Duchduen Bhanthumnavin, Wisakha Phoochinda
Factors Affecting Energy Consumption For Traveling Of Households In Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Pattana Sirichotpundit, Chamlong Poboon, Duchduen Bhanthumnavin, Wisakha Phoochinda
Applied Environmental Research
This study aimed to examine factors affecting energy consumption for traveling of households in Bangkok metropolitan area. Data were collected by surveying 1,150 households in 15 districts of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The hypotheses were tested by multi regression analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that there were two factors significantly having positive effects on the quantity of energy use for traveling which were physical and structure factors and social and cultural factors. Suggestions for reducing energy use for traveling including promoting working close to living place, improving public transportation service, restricting private vehicle use in the inner zone, and keeping …
Accumulation Of Heavy Metals In Mangrove Sediments Of Chumphon Province, Thailand, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Bussarin Uppadit
Accumulation Of Heavy Metals In Mangrove Sediments Of Chumphon Province, Thailand, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Bussarin Uppadit
Applied Environmental Research
The objective of this study was two-fold: to examine the heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels that have accumulated in mangrove forest sediments in Chumphon Province, Thailand, and to determine the relationship between heavy metals and the physiochemical properties of sediment. The sediment was digested with HNO3 and HCl using a milestone microwave digestion system (model MLS-1200 MEGA), followed by the addition of 50 ml distilled water. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Zn in the filtered and digested samples were determined by air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS, model Varian SpectrAA 220FS). …
Effects Of Solution Ph And Ionic Strength For Removal Of Combined Natural Organic Matter And Copper (Ii) Ion By Membrane Nanofiltration, Pakasit Hongthong, Supatpong Mattaraj, Ratana Jiraratananon
Effects Of Solution Ph And Ionic Strength For Removal Of Combined Natural Organic Matter And Copper (Ii) Ion By Membrane Nanofiltration, Pakasit Hongthong, Supatpong Mattaraj, Ratana Jiraratananon
Applied Environmental Research
Effects of solution pH and ionic strength for removal of combined natural organic matter (NOM) and copper (II) through a nanofiltration (NF) membrane were investigated. Experimental results revealed that the influence of NOM and copper (II) ion on NF performance was dependent on solution chemistry (i.e. solution pH and ionic strength). For copper (II) ion, increased solution pHs exhibited greater flux decline, while there was no significant difference in flux for solutions containing NOM. Solutions containing copper (II) ion alone showed less flux decline than those containing NOM and combined NOM with copper (II ) ions. The ion rejections (based …
Interposition Of Alien Structure In Aesthetic Value Of Ayuthaya Historical And Archaeological Ruin, Bundit Pradabsook, Kasem Chunkao, Surat Bualert
Interposition Of Alien Structure In Aesthetic Value Of Ayuthaya Historical And Archaeological Ruin, Bundit Pradabsook, Kasem Chunkao, Surat Bualert
Applied Environmental Research
Aesthetic value damage evaluation on archaeological ruins was a difficult issue to address due to the public perception that it was a subjective issue. Interposition of alien structures at archaeological sites was commonly seen and caused adverse visual impacts and affected the conservation of arts and cultural heritage of the Kingdom of Thailand. There were currently no means to determine the damage of archaeological sites by interposed alien structures, thus, it was difficult to identify criteria which was needed to protect the aesthetic beauty of historical, architectural, and archaeological sites. In order to establish a method of measuring aesthetic damage …