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Investigations On Improvement Of Acceptability And Evaluation Of The Nutritive Value Of Processed Cabbage And Its Effects On The Tumorigenicity In Mice, Chareonsri Srisangnam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this investigation have been to study the acceptability and nutritive value of processed cabbage and to elucidate the effects of chronic administration of cabbage on the activity of a colon tumorigen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The organoleptic unacceptability of cabbage in spite of its high nutritional and economic values governed the choice of this cruciferous vegetable for this work.

Cabbage samples were blanched with steam, chemical solutions, and microwaves. Microwave blanching led to a "burnt spot" effect and to a relatively greater loss in weight of the vegetable. Blanching in solution involved boiling of cabbage with a chemical solution …

Growth Of Phytophthora Infestans Race 1.2.4 And Synthesis Of Steroid Glycoalkaloids By The Fungus In Synthetic Media, Melanie R. Maas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A chemically defined synthetic medium was developed in which Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary race 1.2.4 grew extensively. This medium consisted of: 90.0 grams maltose, 20.0 grams DL-alanine, 20.0 grams L-proline, 1.0 gram KNO₃, 0.5 gram KH₂PO₄, 0.25 gram MgSO_4. 7H₂O, 1.0 milligram thiamin per liter of distilled water. The average level of growth in this medium was 0.5864 gram dry weight mycelium per 50 milliliters medium.

The glycoalkaloids, solanidine and solanine, were synthesized by Phytophthora infestans in the above medium with 62.5 percent of the samples positive and an overall …

Relationship Of Environmental Chromium And Zinc Levels To Tissue Chromium And Zinc Levels From Individuals With Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus In Selected Watershed Areas Of Utah, Carol H. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine whether a functional relationship exists between human tissue and environmental levels of chromium and/or zinc and in individuals with maturity onset diabetes.

Three counties of Utah were selected as sites:

1. Wayne County, where a State Health Department screening had shown a 12.7 percent incidence of diabetes, and, where there is very little industry, and an assumed low level of environmental chromium and zinc

2. Utah County, where the diabetic screening had shown an 0.75 percent incidence of diabetes and where there is nearby large industry and an assumed higher level of zinc and …

An Experimental Analysis Of The Alarm Calls Of Captive Uinta Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Armatus), Marion Barch Cherry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated alarm calls given by Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) in the presence of a ground predator. I observed predator responses of 18 groups of three to four squirrels each for an average of three trials apiece. My objectives were: (1) to describe prey-predator interactions resulting in alarm calls, and (2) to test the following hypotheses:

1. Each Uinta ground squirrel (by sex and age) has an equal probability of giving an alarm call at any time of the season.

2. All Uinta ground squirrels are equally likely to call regardless of their distance to a …

Conflict In Outdoor Recreation, Gerald R. Jacob

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The causes of conflict among users of outdoor recreation resources have received little attention from recreation researchers. Knowledge of factors responsible for conflict might assist recreation planners' attempts to reduce future instances of conflict and help management focus its conflict resolution efforts. A theory of conflict is offered as the first step in systematically procuring such knowledge. A definition and characteristics of outdoor recreation conflicts are presented; four comprehensive causes of user conflicts are proposed. Ten propositions are used to link these factors to conflict and suggest future research hypotheses. The social psychological dynamics of conflict, as described here, have …

Multicollinearity And The Estimation Of Regression Coefficients, John Charles Teed

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The precision of the estimates of the regression coefficients in a regression analysis is affected by multicollinearity. The effect of certain factors on multicollinearity and the estimates was studied. The response variables were the standard error of the regression coefficients and a standarized statistic that measures the deviation of the regression coefficient from the population parameter.

The estimates are not influenced by any one factor in particular, but rather some combination of factors. The larger the sample size, the better the precision of the estimates no matter how "bad" the other factors may be.

The standard error of the regression …

The Effect Of Architectural Variation In Habitat On A Spider Community: An Experimental Field Study -- With Special Reference To Resource Partitioning, James Vincent Robinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Spider community acceptance of, and segregation by, architectural configuration was investigated for the spiders of Green Canyon in northern Utah. Modular habitat units consisting of 30.48 centimeter (1 foot) cubes of chicken wire supporting internal strands of macrame jute tied in different orthogonal configurations were used. Configurations including all three axes were tested at two strand densities.

The primary null hypothesis tested, that spider species use structures independent of architecture, was rejected in favor of the alternate hypothesis that spider species differentially use structures dependent upon architecture. Of the eight most abundant species, two showed preferences for horizontal substrata and …

Studies Toward The Synthesis Of A- And B- Mercapto Alanine Derivatives, And Of A,B- And B, B- Dimercapto Alanine Derivatives, Aldean James Kolar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A convenient, economical, large scale synthesis of N-acetyldehydro-alanine (a-acetamidoacrylic acid) and its methyl ester was developed via a sequence of N-chlorination-dehydrochlorination. The method was extended to the synthesis of the corresponding N-benzoyl, N-phenylacetyl and N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives.

The conversion of a-methoxy-N-acetyl alanine derivatives to the corresponding a-mercapto alanine derivatives, using zinc chloride and an appropriate mercaptan, was investigated. Methyl a-methoxy-N-acetyl-D, L-alaninate was successfully converted to the a-acetylthio derivative, in 24% yield; however, a 90% yield could be obtained by treatment of the dehydroalanine derivative with hydrogen chloride gas in neat thiolacetic acid.

A facile conversion of the a-acetylthio derivative to the …

Competition And Spacing Patterns Of Shrubs In The Mojave And Sonoran Deserts, Donald Lundahl Phillips

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Spacing patterns of shrubs were studied at a series of sites in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. There were significant numbers of occurrences of both aggregation and regularity in dispersion of individuals. These may be due to vegetative reproduction or environmental heterogeneity, and competition between plants, respectively. Different size classes of shrubs tended to follow the trend of aggregated → random → regular with increasing size. This suggests the increasing importance of competition as the plants grow. Further evidence of competition between plants was provided by the correlations of plant size with the distance to their neighbors. Root systems were …

Husbands' And Wives' Perceptions Of Their In-Law Parents, Carlos F. Watkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The critical lack of research in the area of in-law relationships leaves interested persons wondering about the nature of such relationships.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain how the independent variables of sex, number of children, education and age of the sons or daughters-in-law effected the relationship with the mothers and fathers-in-law. The four directional hypotheses tested were: (1) as the age of the son or daughter-in-law increases, the chances for a more positive relationship with mothers and fathers-in-law and their sons and daughters, increases significantly; (2) females feel significantly closer to their parents-in-law than males; (3) as …

Guide To Residential Landscape Development For Logan, Utah, Michael Douglas Fotheringham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ''Guide to Residential Landscape Development" has been written for the Logan City Planning Department as a supplement to the "City of Logan Guidelines for Development", a comprehensive planning tool adopted in 1976. The Guide is primarily intended to motivate Logan homeowners in designing, constructing and maintaining their residential properties by pointing out methods of design and construction that:

• reduce costs of electricity, oil and natural gas by reducing energy needs
• increase property values
• maximize effective use of the property
• improve the aesthetic qualities of the homesite

The Guide also serves as a prototype of the kind of consumer advocacy …

A Study Of Organizational Change In The Bear River Valley Cooperative Association 1947-1977, Rahardjo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Bear River Valley Co-op Association was described in terms of certain changes that have occurred in its history, and analysis was made of how these changes relate to changes in the degree of local control by officers and members of the organization.

The method used in this study was content analysis of records of the organization. The main sources of data were: The Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of the organization for 1947 and 1964, and the minutes of meetings from 1968 to 1977.

The study shows that the Bear River Valley Co-op Association today, as compared to the …

Ecological Relationships Of Accipiters In Northern Utah - With Special Emphasis On The Effects Of Human Disturbance, Stephen P. Hennessy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of habitat parameters and human disturbance on the nesting success of goshawks, Cooper's hawks, and sharp-shinned hawks in an area within the Cache National Forest of Utah and Idaho. This research should provide the wildlife manager with information of value in planning recreation areas, roads, timber cuttings, and other activities where impacts are considered.

Of the three accipiter species studied, the goshawk showed the greatest preference for isolation from man. It nested at higher elevations (X=2,065 m); farther from human disturbance (X=250 m); higher in trees …

A Discriminant Function Model Of Gray-Headed Junco Habitat, Andrew R. Grainger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper presents a description of gray-headed junco habitat in the form of a model based on discriminant function analysis. Junco nests were found by searching randomly located grids on a 7.8 km² study area in central Utah. Vegetation data was gathered on 500 m² circular plots surrounding nests and contrasted with similar data from searched grids where nests were not found. The model explains 28 percent of the between-groups variance and correctly classifies 68 percent of the plots.

Plant cover types are good predictors of areas where gray-headed juncos nest, while plant community type descriptions do not …

The Combined Effects Of Air Temperature, Wind, And Radiation On The Resting Metabolism Of Avian Raptors, Steven R. Hayes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

American kestrels, Falco sparverius; red-tailed hawks, Buteo jamaicensis; and golden eagles, Aguila chrysaetos, were perched in a wind tunnel and subjected to various combinations of air temperature, wind, and radiation. Oxygen consumption was measured under the various combinations of environmental variables, and multiple regression equations were developed to predict resting metabolism as a function of body mass, air temperature, wind speed, and radiation load. Heat transfer analysis of the bird-thermal environment relationship was conducted to produce a biophysical model describing resting metabolism as a function of feather thermal conductance.

Because of differences in surface area to mass …

A Comparison By Sex, Age, And Marital Status Of The Needs And Educational Goals Of Students In A Community College, Susan Carol Bracken

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible differences in needs and educational goals of community college students based on their sex, age, and marital status, particularly between older women students and other student groups. Information was gathered from the college application forms of all day students enrolled in any class during the fall of 1976 at Southwestern Community College. The total number was 6,854, 51% were men, with a mean age of 27.9; and 49% were women with a mean age of 25.2. Thirty-one percent were married.

The specific questions under study were:

1. Would there be …

Toxicity, Selectivity, And Efficacy Of Squoxin (1,1'-Methylendi-2-Napthol) To Fishes In Utah Waters, Dexter R. Pitman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Squoxin (1,1'-Methylendi-2-napthol) was tested in laboratory and field bioassays to evaluate its biological activity to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), Utah chub (Gila atraria), carp (Cyprinus carpio), reside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus), and mountain sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus) under various conditions of water quality and temperature. The compound was toxic to all species and most effective from greatest to least to mountain sucker, reside shiner, Utah chub, cutthroat trout, and rainbow trout and carp. Selectively and safety indices for Utah chub compared with the two species of …

The Social Behavior Of Brown Bears At Mcneil River, Alaska, Allan L. Egbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The social behavior of brown bears (Ursus arctos) was studied during the summers of 1972 and 1973 as bears fished for salmon at McNeil River, Alaska. Study objectives were to determine behavioral characteristics of bears in relation to sex and age, changes in social behavior over a 40-day long fishing season, social and environmental parameters correlated with the occurrence of behavior, and to test the hypothesis that brown bears modify social behavior in a feeding aggregation to exploit a resource limited in time and space.

Over one-half of the agonistic interactions consisted of passive deferrals. Encounters that included …

Feeding Habits And Reproduction Of Three Sympatric Lizard Species From West-Central Utah, John B. Andre

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The feeding habits and reproduction of Uta stansburiana, Crotaphytus collaris and Cnemidophorus tigris during spring and summer 1976 are described. Feeding habits are expressed in percent total number and volume of prey items and frequency of occurrence of each prey category. Importance Values are also calculated. These values better illustrate the feeding habits of the lizard species than either percent total number and volume and frequency of prey category occurrence.

Lizards consume a variety of food items throughout the growing season. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Arachnida are the major prey categories of U. stansburiana. The major prey categories …

Interregional Competition In Markets Facing Utah Livestock And Poultry Producers, Terrell O. Sorensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to make an evaluation of the competitive position of the Utah livestock industry based on feed ingredient and transportation costs, This is done by the use of a linear programming model (MPS-360). This is on the basis of the least cost means of production to meet the quantity demanded of the livestock products. This is accomplished by dividing the United States into six regions where Utah is one of these regions to enable careful consideration of Utah's agricultural enterprises.

Beef, pork, broilers, turkeys, eggs, and milk are the agricultural products used in the model. …

A Mathematical Model Of The Dispersion Of A Concentrated Substance For Use In The Great Salt Lake's South Arm, Anthony O. Rughellis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ability to predict the dispersion of substances in the Great Salt Lake is a requisite towards making responsible management decisions relating to uses of the lake. The lake is a complex terminal body of water and will require a fairly sophisticated mathematical model to properly simulate the dispersion process in the lake. This finite element convection-dispersion model is a first step towards developing a comprehensive model.

The model provides a finite element solution to the two-dimensional convection-dispersion equation and is capable of simulating steady or unsteady-state situations. It utilizes a known velocity field, dispersion coefficients, an introduced substance concentration, …

The Effect Of Various Environmental Factors On The Growth Of A Red Pigmented Dunaliella Species From The Great Salt Lake, Sam Oeun May

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A red, obligately halophilic Dunaliella species believed to be D. salina was isolated from the North Arm of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, and its optimum growth conditions were determined.

The red pigmented Dunaliella species required an optimum NaCl concentration of 10%, temperature 28°C, and an illuminance of 7500 lux. Ammonium carbonate was preferred over potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride. Potassium nitrate was preferred over ammonium chloride. The average division (generation) time under the above conditions was 46.5 hours.

The alga grown in ammonium carbonate showed a lower content of chlorophyll a compared to those grown in potassium nitrate and …

The Impact Of Surface Soil Removal On Plant Production, Transpiration Ratios, Nitrogen Mineralization Rates, Infiltration Rates, Potential Sediment Losses, And Chemical Water Quality Within The Chained And Reseeded Pinyon-Juniper Types In Utah, Steven M. Lyons

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the period of October 1974 to August 1976, a study was conducted to measure the effects of surface soil removal on plant production, plant transpiration rates, nitrate nitrogen mineralization rates, and selected hydrologic parameters (infiltration rates, potential sediment production, and chemical quality of runoff water). The treatments were incremental 7.6 centimeter soil layers to a depth of 30.5 centimeters.

Plant production and transpiration ratios (or water use efficiencies) were measured in greenhouse studies using Agrogyron desertorum grown in the incremental 7.6 centimeter soil layers from five study sites throughout the state of Utah, (Blanding, Brush Creek, Milford, Huntington, and …

Adaptive Significance Of Lactate Dehydrogenase B2 Isozymes In Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri And A Biochemical Genetic Comparison Of Cutthroat Trout (Salmo Clarki) Populations, Gerald Thomas Klar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rainbow trout lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) B²' B²' , B²' B²" and B²" B²" phenotypes were tested under a variety of conditions for swimming endurance, oxygen consumption rates, and blood pH, pO₂, and lactate. The B²" B²" phenotype exhibited a lower swimming endurance, under a limited oxygen supply, than the B²' B²' and B²' B²" phenotypes. Blood pH at fatigue did not differ among the LOH phenotypes that swam under low oxygen conditions (2 mg/1). …

A Unified Radiometric Assay System For The Gaba-Glutamate Regulating Enzymes, Robert C. Dinwoodie

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to develop a single assay system for the enzymes which regulate GABA and glutamate concentrations in brain and nerve tissue. Since all the enzymes produce L-glutamate, their activities were measured by coupling them to L-glutamate decarboxylase. Enzymatic activity was determined by measuring the release of co2 from radioactive substrates. The glutamate decarboxylase was obtained from a commercial acetone powder by simplifying existing procedures. The glutamate decarboxylase produced was of sufficient purity to be used in the coupled assays, which were checked with commercial preparations of each enzyme, where available, and with crude brain homogenates. …

Primary Prevention Of Child Abuse And Neglect: Identification Of High Risk Adolescents Prior To Parenthood, Stephen John Bavolek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument designed to assess the parenting and child rearing attitudes of adolescents, Responses to the instrument would allow for the identification of "high risk" adolescents, i.e., those adolescents whose attitudes towards parenting and child rearing indicated a high potential for child abuse.

A review of the literature identified the following four parenting constructs most commonly associated with abusive parents: Construct A: Inappropriate parental expectations of the child; Construct B: Inability of the parent to be empathically aware of the child's needs; Construct C: Strong parental belief in the …

Comparison Of Microbial Activity In Desert Soils Of The Western United States, Patricia Ann Trujillo Y Fulgham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soils from four regional deserts, Great Basin, Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Mojave, were collected at times throughout the year which would best exhibit microbial response to moisture or vegetation. The soils were analyzed for several chemical and physical properties. Biological and biochemical characteristics, namely respiration, dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate concentration, proteolytic activity, nitrification potential, and microbial numbers, were measured.

The soils exhibited fluctuations in microbial activity as measured by respiration, dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate concentration, proteolytic activity, and nitrification potential during different moisture seasons.

Increase in soil moisture as modified by precipitation did not cause a significant difference in respiration or …

Plant Succession Studies On Subalpine Acid Mine Spoils In The Beartooth Mountains, Patricia Lea Howard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Large areas within alpine and subalpine tundra have been by disturbed by mining during this century. The most promising method for retarding deterioration of these areas is revegetation with native species through both seeding and transplants. One natural process of revegetation which occurs on portions of many existing disturbances seems to be the establishment of a few species that expand with time to form matts of plants.

At the McLaren Mine, located at 3000 m elevation in the Beartooth Mountains, Montana, active succession is occurring and is dominated by Carex species. Seed viability and successional patterns studies were conducted on …

Leaf Development Of Rumex Patientia L. Exposed To Uv Irradiation (280-320 Nm), Judith G. Dickson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two factors which affect leaf ontogeny and ultimate leaf size: (1) the rate and duration of cell expansion, and (2) the rate and duration of cell division, were examined for their role in the slowed early growth rate and smaller ultimate leaf size when plants are exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Rumex patientia L. was grown in controlled environment chambers under enhanced UV-B radiation (equivalent to daily solar UV-B irradiation at 40°N latitude in mid-May with an atmospheric ozone concentration of 0.20 atm-cm) and control treatments. The pattern of growth as expressed in changes of mean cell size of two …

Population Dynamics And Net Production Of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) In Two Areas Of A High Gradient Mountain Stream, Jeffrey C. Gosse

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Estimates of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) population were made in two areas of the Blacksmith Fork River, Cache County, Utah, from June 1972 to June 1973. Additional data were obtained on movement, growth, mortality, biomass, production, and yield.

Population density was highly variable in the area where habitat alterations had occurred, but was relatively uniform where the habitat was undisturbed. The brown trout exhibited little movement except during spawning season. Instantaneous growth and mortality rates are provided for each age group.

Mean annual biomass in the two areas was 12.0 and 10.2 grams per square meter and …