Digital Commons Network^™

Vocal Behavior And Interactions Among Parents And Offspring In The American Dipper, Mary Kathleen Fite

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), an inhabitant of rapidly flowing mountain streams, is an aquatic passerine whose vocalizations have previously been undescribed. This study examines the spectrographic characteristics and contexts of calls and song in a color-banded population of Dippers. Calls of adults are the Jih, Weep and Grawk calls; calls of nestlings and fledglings are the Chip and Beg calls. Adult Dippers have a limited number of call types which occupy a middle range of frequencies (3 to 6kHz) and have structural characteristics which enhance detection of vocal signals. Gradation is present between call types. Possible explanations …

Risk In Production, Mamadou Dian Diallo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Most production activities undertaken involve a certain degree of risk. Agricultural production is particularly risky since it is susceptible to the physical vagaries of nature and all economic and social variations. For most countries, agriculture is an important and vital sector where production decisions are made under risk. Hence, decision making under risk requires careful analysis and represents an important area of study.

The present research has been directed to advance our knowledge about the consequences of risk, and the behavior toward risk in the organization of production, particularly agricultural production. This objective is achieved by a review of risk …

Effects Of 3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol On Thyroid Function, Charles Franklin Luke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, when administered in the diet, increases the feed efficiency (the ratio of weight gain to feed consumed) in various species of domestic animals and also appears to be retained in the liver at low concentrations, possibly by binding to a specific macromolecule. Because of its structural similarities to the outer ring of the thyroid hormones, trichloropyridinol and three structural analogs (2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenol, or 4-iodo-2,5-dichlorophenol) were tested for ability to compete in vitro with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T₃) for nuclear receptors specific for the thyroid hormones. All four of the halogenated compounds were found to be weakly competitive for the …

An Economic Analysis Of Watershed Practices: Impact Of Grazing On Watershed, In-Hwan Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A theoretical analysis for estimating the social cost and benefits associated with the impact of grazing on rangeland watersheds has been made in this study. A dynamic maximization model is used to derive an optimal utilization of forage by grazing, where forage utilization is treated as a decision variable and the hydrologic outputs of water and sediment are considered as a possible impact resulting from grazing.

A modeling approach to predict the quantities of water runoff and sediment yield from watersheds was employed. A water balance equation and a curve number procedure were used to predict water runoff. For the …

Efficiency Of Converting Iron Into Hemoglobin As An Assay For Evaluating Iron Bioavailability, Paul Whittaker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of iron absorption on subsequent hemoglobin regeneration was investigated by repletion and subsequent analysis of an anemic weanling rat model. Primary assay procedure in these studies was the Regeneration Efficiency method.

As repletion or curative assay techniques form the central body of investigative research in iron utilization, the first subject of inquiry was the effect of repletion interval and degree of depletion upon the animals as monitored by physical indicators such as blood volume, growth and hematinic response. Percent blood volume is a particularly useful figure in the calculation of the amount of hemoglobin iron but was found …

Differential Behavior Of Coyotes With Regard To Home Range Limits, Charles E. Harris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to examine coyote behavioral responses to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar environments and the implications of this behavior with regard to specific coyote management and research techniques. A series of pen studies with captive coyotes was undertaken at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Predator Ecology and Behavior Project research site, Logan, Utah, to observe the range and type of behaviors coyotes showed towards small novel objects and standard scent stations in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The initial response to these novel stimuli in familiar environments was one of neophobia and caution, whereas in …

Use Of Clearcut Habitats By Black Bears In The Pacific Northwest, Kim R. Barber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Patterns of vegetation use by black bears (Ursus americanus) on Long Island, Washington were documented using radio-telemetry in 1973-74 and 1980-81. Secondary succession altered the vegetative compostion of clearcut areas through this time, reducing the areas dominated by productive brush species by nearly 50%. Seasonal food habits, consisted primarily of grasses and forbs in spring (den emergence-May) and flowers and fruits of shrub species in summer (June-September) and fall (October-den entrance).

Bears selected for clearcuts (5-21 years of age) over all other vegetation types for feeding but preferred areas dominated by large trees when inactive during both the …

Effects Of Physical And Emotional Stress, Catecholamines And Naloxone On Hdl And Ldl Cholesterol Levels In Rats And Man, Andrew G. Goliszek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of investigations were undertaken to determine whether physical or emotional stress, catecholamines or naloxone (B-endorphon blocker) would increase serum total cholesterol and LDL and HDL levels. Physical stress given daily over a period of time caused a steady increase in serum total cholesterol and LDL without a significantly altering high density lipoproteins (HDL) or serum triglycerides. Daily injections of epinerphrine in oil caused an increase in both serum total cholesterol and LDL levels while daily injections of norepinephrine did not. Reversal of the treatments caused a reversed response in both groups of rats. Similar increases in both total …

Mule Deer Reproduction And Survival In The Lasal Mountains, Utah, Randall B. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) reproduction and survival on the LaSal Mountains, Utah were studied from 1978-81. Reproductive rates were high, suggesting that summer and fall forage quality was adequate and was not responsible for low recruitment observed in recent years. The combined fetal rate, determined from laparotomies and carcasses, was 1.72 for all females older than 1 year (N = 114). Fetal rates were 1.15 for yearlings (N = 20), 1.80 for prime females (2-7 years, N = 78), and 1.75 for old females (8+ years, N = 16). No evidence of breeding was found among fawns (N …

A Method For Separating Casein Micelles From Whey Proteins For Determining Casein In Milk, Robert N. Carpenter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if size exclusion chromatography could be used to separate casein micelles from whey proteins for a rapid, direct test to measure percent casein in milk. A size exclusion chromatography column was developed for the separation having dimensions 100 by .4 cm. Packing material selected was glycophase coated porous glass supports. A Beckman DU-8B spectrophotometer monitored the casein and whey protein peaks as they eluted and a Tektronix 4052 computer accepted data points every 4 sec, storing these on tape. Absorbances and areas of each peak were used in the evaluation of samples. …

Longitudinal Pantothenic Acid Status Of Pregnant And Lactating Women, Won Oack Song

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pantothenic acid nutritional status was evaluated in a cohort of twenty-nine Caucasian pregnant women, aged 20-35, during their third trimester of pregnancy, at two-weeks postpartum and at three months postpartum. Seventeen non-pregnant, non-lactating women who had similar demographic backgrounds as the pregnant women were selected as a control group and followed the same experimental schedule as the pregnant women. A fasting blood sample, two days 24-h urine specimens and diet record were obtained for each of two days from each subject at each period.

The mean dietary pantothenic acid intakes of the women during pregnancy (5.30±1.74 mg/day) and during lactation …

Cluster Analysis For Acid Rain Data In Norway, Ali Ghafourian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper gives a description of three well known clustering methods, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Then, the results of these three clustering methods are compared through examining them on a specific set of data.

Nonpoint Source Pollution To Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: Magnitude, Periodicity, And Watershed Management Alternatives, Victor J. Kollock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

From April of 1981 to June of 1982 a Clean Lakes Program Phase 1 Diagnostic Feasibility Study was conducted on Bear Lake, a 282 km² (109m²) fresh-water lake located in southeastern Idaho and northeastern Utah. A portion of this Clean Lakes Program required an itemized inventory of all nonpoint sources affecting the lake's water quality.

A 16 month lake tributary monitoring program, which included the spring runoff periods of 1981 and 1982, provided data from which nutrient loading values (kg/day and kg/yr) were calculated. Analysis of these data, along with land use percentages within the Bear Lake …

Evaluation Of The Early Establishment Phase Of Agropyron Desertorum, Medicago Sativa And Atriplex Canescens In Monocultures And Mixtures, Oscar Luis Prado Escobar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study evaluated the early establishment phase of various monocultures and mixed species plantings of Agropyron desertorum (AGDE), Medicago sativa (MESA), and Atriplex canescens (ATCA). The study was conducted under both greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, the experimental design was a split-plot, randomized-block design in time, using transplanted seedlings. The treatments were exposed to three water levels to determine species response to varying moisture availability. Plastic pots of 15.4 cm (diameter) by 17.9 cm (depth) were filled with 2,800 g of sandy-loam soil and brought to field capacity. The pots were weighted twice weekly and the water lost …

Rhizosphere N2 Fixation In A Forest Ecosystem In Situ Assays And Evaluation Of The Acetylene Reduction Technique, Inger Börjesson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In situ assays of N₂ fixation activity, using the acetylene reduction technique, were performed in four successional stages of a Northern Wasatch Mountain subalpine forest ecosystem, elevation 2,800 m. Emphasis was made on rhizosphere fixation in association with Antennaria microphylla and Achillea millefolium. The vegetation period was approximately 100 days.

Assays were performed in Saran bags. A defined amount of propane was injected at initiation of the assay and acetylene was generated from CaC₂. Samples were analyzed for ethylene and propane. Data were evaluated assuming that the ethylene production was directly proportional to the increase in …

Stages Of Contemplative Mysticism: A Description And Taxonomy, Kenneth Burton Kaisch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe and classify the stages of contemplative mystical development in the major world religions. To accomplish this task, a sample of five major world religions was chosen from the total population. From each religion, a contemplative author who was regarded as an authority by the members of that religion was chosen. The major work of each author was described in order to make explicit his/her conceptualization of the stages of contemplative development. These conceptualizations were then compared together, resulting in two models of contemplative development. The first model was composed of those stages …

The Prediction Of Tenure And Job Performance Based On The Job Activity Preference Questionnaire (Japq): A Concurrent Study, Nolan R. Roberts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the JAPQ in predicting the work output and tenure levels of persons employed in the occupation of Data Entry Operator-Financial Keyer. Three separate hypotheses were tested: (1) JAPQ-D² differences based on employee tenure and output loads; (2) JAPQ dimension preference differences, which may not be reflected in JAPQ-D² scores; and, (3) the relationship between employee tenure and employee output. Separate research questions focused on the applicability of the JAPQ in predicting employee tenure and employee output, based on multiple regression results.

Sixty financial keyers were administered …

The Effects Of So2 On N2-Fixation, Carbon Partitioning, And Yield Components In Snapbean, Phaseolus Vulgaris L., Stephen M. Griffith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary air pollutant sulfur dioxide has been shown to affect plant biochemistry and physiology, although very little is known about its effects on N₂-fixation in legumes.

This study was designed to determine if N₂-fixation, carbon partitioning , and productivity are affected under short term low level, so₂ exposures.

Greenhouse grown snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Earliwax), 29 days from planting, were exposed to 0.0, 0.4, and 0.8 parts per million sulfur dioxide for 4 hours day^-1 for 5 days in a fumigation chamber. At these concentrations there was no visible damage of …

Hemoglobins Of The Cutthroat Trout Salmo Clarki, Jonathan N. Southard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nine hemoglobins have been isolated from the blood of cutthroat trout. All nine hemoglobins bind oxygen cooperatively and appear to be tetramers with molecular weights of -64,000. The oxygen equilibria and subunit structures of the purified hemoglobins were studied. In addition, the red blood cells of cutthroat trout were examined for the presence of ATP and GTP, which are known to be physiological modulators of hemoglobins in fishes.

Five hemoglobins with isoelectric points from 9.1 to 7.0 are classified as cathodal hemoglobins. These five hemoglobins have identical oxygen binding properties by the criteria tested. All have oxygen equilibria which are …

Subunit Interactions In The Inducible Arginine Decarboxylase From Escherichia Coli B, Catalina N. Depusoy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The nature of the subunit interactions in the inducible arginine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli B is of considerable interest because of the observed differences in the catalytic activities of the dimer and the decamer; the decamer is active and the dimer is inactive. To study these interactions, inactive dimers were prepared by sodium borohydride reduction of the E-amino--pyridoxal-P Schiff base. Hybrid decamers were then prepared from varying molar ratios of native and reduced dimers. The hybrid decamers were indistinguishable from native decamers as observed in the analytical ultracentrifuge and on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic studies indicated that true hybrids were …

Cell-Mediated Immunity Of The Dog Lung And Effects Of Inhaled 239puo2 Or Pulmonary Tumors, Jennifer Baker Galvin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in the lung has not been well characterized due to the lack of applicable tests. A major objective was to define pulmonary CMI serially in immunized and control lung lobes using the leukocyte procoagulant (LPCA) assay in young adult dogs. This was compared to a standard, but less reproducible CMI assay, macrophage migration inhibition facet (MIF). The CMI response, as measured by the LPCA assay, peaked in the blood 7 days after lung immunization. The pulmonary CMI response measured with cells obtained by bronchial lavage from the immunized and control lung lobes peaked at 9 to 12 …

Studies In Peptide Synthesis Towards The Lanthionine Analog Of Des-N-Tetramethyl Triostin A, Ganesh Devdas Kini

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies have been carried out towards the synthesis of bicyclic octadidepsipeptide lanthionine 4, an analog of des-N-tetramethyl triostin A. Starting with a symmetrical lanthionine unit 5 (R₁, R₃ = Me; R₂, R₄ = t-butyloxycarbonyl), synthesized from the corresponding cystine by contraction with hexaethylphosphorus triamide, linear octadidepsipeptides 29 and 32 were synthesized.

Attempted cyclizations of 29 and 32 to the bicyclic octapeptide were unsuccessful.

The failure of the symmetrical approach to 4 prompted the synthesis of an unsymmetrical lanthionine unit with appropriate compatible protecting groups. Attempts to synthesize unsymmetrical lanthionines by nucleophilic displacement on …

Effects Of A Wildfire On Seed Rain And Soil Seed Reserve Dynamics Of A Good Condition Sagebrush-Grass Rangeland In Central Utah, Mohamed Ali Hassan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this research were to investigate the ecological importance of soil seed reserves and seed rain on regeneration of a good condition sagebrush-grass range vegetation after a wildfire and draw conclusions leading to better understanding and management of such ecosystems. Investigations were conducted for two successive years on a community where major plants were neither rhizomatous nor sprouting. In such cases soil seed reserves and seed rain have to be the main source of regeneration. In addition to monitoring soil seed reserves and seed rain, vegetation changes during the past two years and the historical conditions of the …

Alteration In Serum Enzyme Levels, Activity Of Hepatic Monooxygenases, And Hepatocyte Morphology Due To Liver Enzyme Inducers In Microtus Montanus, Jeffrey Robert Hincks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Microtus sp. have been used in microcosm simulations of polluted environments. In this study, female Microtus montanus (mountain vole), 8 - 12 weeks of age, were pretreated with phenobarbital (PB), ß-naphthoflavone (BNF), or Aroclor 1254 (PCB) for 3 consecutive days. Doses ranged from 5 to 80 mg/kg for each pretreatment, while control animals received saline or corn oil only. The voles were sacrificed 1 day after the last dose of PB and 2 days after BNF and PCB. Hepatic microsomal enzyme activity of aniline hydroxylase (AH), p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase (PNA) and cytochrome C reductase (CCR) were measured in relation …

Brown Trout Perception Of Ultraviolet Radiation And Possible Influence On Distribution, Terrence H. Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Brown trout (Salmo trutta), demonstrated an avoidance response to a range of intensities of artificial ultraviolet radiation in a laboratory setting. UV field measurements were made under a variety of riparian canopies in a mountain river system. UV values at various depth regimes were compared with laboratory response values. Results suggested that ultraviolet light could be a factor in the absence of brown trout in particular habitat types at various times during the daylight hours. Visible light intensity response values were also obtained under the same experimental and field conditions. These data suggested that visible light also could …

The Interaction Of Ultraviolet-B Radiation Stress And Plant Competition In Agricultural Plant Populations, Warren Glenn Gold

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of ultraviolet-B radiation enhancement upon the competitive interactions of two species pairs was studied in the field. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Bannock') was paired with wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) to represent competition between species pairs in agricultural situations. Specially modulated ultraviolet lamp systems provided either low ultraviolet-B enhancement (simulation of a 16 % ozone layer reduction based upon the generalized plant action spectrum), high ultraviolet-B enhancement (40 % ozone reduction) or control (ambient solar ultraviolet-B) irradiance.

Ultraviolet-B radiation enhancement significantly altered the competitive interactions of the species pairs. …

Establishment Of Tall Wheatgrass [Agropyron Elongatum (Host) Beav. 'Jose'] And Basin Wildrye (Elymus Cinereus Scribn. & Merr. 'Magnar') In Relation To Soil Water And Salinity, Bruce A. Roundy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The potential of basin wildrye (Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr. 'Magnar') and tall wheatgrass [Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beav. 'Jose '] to establish on saline, arid rangelands in the Great Basin in relation to soil water and salinity was compared in field and laboratory experiments. Tall wheatgrass had higher emergence and establishment on a nonsaline and a saline soil (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract of 7 dS·m^-1) over a range of spring precipitation as simulated by sprinkler irrigation. Basin wildrye will require supplemental irrigation to establish on soils of similar salinity. In the absence of precipitation, …

Sheep Diets And Feeding Behavior In Single And Common Use Grazing Trials On Southwestern Utah Summer Range, George B. Ruyle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of grazing trials were conducted on high elevation summer range near Cedar City, Utah. Cattle and sheep were stocked alone and in common in .4 hectare (ha) paddocks. Stocking rates were .76 ha/AUM in 1981 and .60 ha/AUM in 1982. Vegetation measurements were taken before and after grazing treatments to quantify vegetation disappearance. Diet samples were collected from esophageally fistulated sheep in the paddocks before grazing treatments were applied. After a predetermined level of forage utilization was achieved, the paddocks were re-sampled by the esophageally fistulated sheep to examine diets consumed from the forage-reduced vegetation. Behavioral observations were …

Natural Killer Activity In Gardner's Syndrome, Ann Marie Stembridge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease presenting multiple colonic polyps with a predisposition for malignant change. In addition to colonic polyp formation by early adolescence, extracolonic lesions appear often prior to polyp formation. One theoretical mechanism for the origin of polyps and malignancies in Gardner's syndrome is a genetic defect in the natural killer cell activity of patients with this disease. Natural killer cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously lyse tumor cells and virally transformed cells. A study was undertaken to determine the natural killer activity of patients with Gardner's syndrome.

A technique termed chromium release was …

Plant Responses To Clinostating And Mechanical Stress: Growth And Flowering Responses, Chauncy Steed Harris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Plants rotated about a horizontal axis show certain growth responses. This research was designed to clarify which of the responses of clinostating are caused by gravity compensation and which are caused by mechanical stresses. Plants used were Xanthium strumarium L. (cocklebur) Chicago strain and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomato) cv. Rutgers. Six automated treatments that ran for five days were used to separate out the effects. Treatments were: 1) controls, 2) horizontal clinostat, 3) intermittent clinostat, 4) inversion (every 10 min), 5) invert and return, and 6) vertical rotation. Plant height and diameter changes were measured at ink dots with a …