Digital Commons Network^™

A Mathematical Model Of The Dispersion Of A Concentrated Substance For Use In The Great Salt Lake's South Arm, Anthony O. Rughellis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ability to predict the dispersion of substances in the Great Salt Lake is a requisite towards making responsible management decisions relating to uses of the lake. The lake is a complex terminal body of water and will require a fairly sophisticated mathematical model to properly simulate the dispersion process in the lake. This finite element convection-dispersion model is a first step towards developing a comprehensive model.

The model provides a finite element solution to the two-dimensional convection-dispersion equation and is capable of simulating steady or unsteady-state situations. It utilizes a known velocity field, dispersion coefficients, an introduced substance concentration, …

An Analysis Of The Effects Of The Impacts Of Oil Shale Development On The Economy Of The Uintah Basin, David Zachary Kaufman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The development of oil shale resources will have a significant impact on the Uintah Basin in Utah. To analyze this impact, this study used a regionalized imput-output model. The input-output table for the State of Utah was revised to fit the Uintah Basin, using the RAS technique.

The scarcity of water in the Basin may cause a shift of water use from irrigated agriculture to oil shale. This reduction in agricultural production was estimated, using demand curves for water in agriculture and an intergen programming model which generated minimum water requirements for shale developments from 25,000 barrels per day to …

The Effect Of Architectural Variation In Habitat On A Spider Community: An Experimental Field Study -- With Special Reference To Resource Partitioning, James Vincent Robinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Spider community acceptance of, and segregation by, architectural configuration was investigated for the spiders of Green Canyon in northern Utah. Modular habitat units consisting of 30.48 centimeter (1 foot) cubes of chicken wire supporting internal strands of macrame jute tied in different orthogonal configurations were used. Configurations including all three axes were tested at two strand densities.

The primary null hypothesis tested, that spider species use structures independent of architecture, was rejected in favor of the alternate hypothesis that spider species differentially use structures dependent upon architecture. Of the eight most abundant species, two showed preferences for horizontal substrata and …

Topological Properties Of C(X, Y), Chris Alan Schwendiman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to examine the important topological properties of the function spaces BC(X,Y) and C(X,Y). Emphasis is given to the relationship between the metrizability of X and the separability of these function spaces. The paper is divided into three major parts: the preliminary definitions and theorems; the relationship between the topological properties of X and BC (X ,Y), for compact X; and the extension of the results of Part II for X not compact and for the case when we have C(X, Y).

Interpretation Of Principal Components, Marwan A. Dabdoub

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The principal component analysis can be carried out two ways. First the R-mode:

R = K'K

and the second is the Q-mode:

Q = K K'

where K is a data matrix centered by column or by row. The most commonly used method is the R-mode.

It has been suggested that principal components computed from either the R-mode or the Q-mode may have the same interpretation. If this is true, then interpretation of the principal components could be put on a much more intuitive level in many applications. This will occur whenever one type of principal component …

Studies Toward The Synthesis Of A- And B- Mercapto Alanine Derivatives, And Of A,B- And B, B- Dimercapto Alanine Derivatives, Aldean James Kolar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A convenient, economical, large scale synthesis of N-acetyldehydro-alanine (a-acetamidoacrylic acid) and its methyl ester was developed via a sequence of N-chlorination-dehydrochlorination. The method was extended to the synthesis of the corresponding N-benzoyl, N-phenylacetyl and N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives.

The conversion of a-methoxy-N-acetyl alanine derivatives to the corresponding a-mercapto alanine derivatives, using zinc chloride and an appropriate mercaptan, was investigated. Methyl a-methoxy-N-acetyl-D, L-alaninate was successfully converted to the a-acetylthio derivative, in 24% yield; however, a 90% yield could be obtained by treatment of the dehydroalanine derivative with hydrogen chloride gas in neat thiolacetic acid.

A facile conversion of the a-acetylthio derivative to the …

The Combined Effects Of Air Temperature, Wind, And Radiation On The Resting Metabolism Of Avian Raptors, Steven R. Hayes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

American kestrels, Falco sparverius; red-tailed hawks, Buteo jamaicensis; and golden eagles, Aguila chrysaetos, were perched in a wind tunnel and subjected to various combinations of air temperature, wind, and radiation. Oxygen consumption was measured under the various combinations of environmental variables, and multiple regression equations were developed to predict resting metabolism as a function of body mass, air temperature, wind speed, and radiation load. Heat transfer analysis of the bird-thermal environment relationship was conducted to produce a biophysical model describing resting metabolism as a function of feather thermal conductance.

Because of differences in surface area to mass …

Analysis Of Ecosystem Models, Walter Dewey Valentine

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent attempts to apply frequency response analysis to compartmental models of ecosystems are flawed by the failure to define terms in an unambiguous and ecologically meaningful way, and by the failure to distinguish between information feedback and closed material loops. Analysis of the sensitivity of linear models to changes in the A matrix has shortcomings too: elements of the A matrix are often derived from more fundamental parameters and thus do not have a direct relationship to the parent model; only sensitivities to the fundamental parameters will be unconfounded and readily interpretable. A more serious problem with these techniques is …

Mathematical Equations Describing Chick Performance And Carcass Composition As A Function Of Diet Protein And Energy Levels, Naiyana Nakhata

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous work at Utah State University determined minimum levels of different nutrients that would produce the maximum rate of gain or gain/feed ratio by feeding graded levels of the nutrients. Fitting broken lines to the data from work with one nutrient tended to underestimate the minimum requirement for that nutrient. It appeared that the response was not linear up to the level required to give maximum performance as the "broken line" approach to estimating the requirement assumes. It seemed worthwhile to try to describe the relation between ration level of a nutrient and chick performance by means of a mathematical …

A Multi-Year Analysis Of Irrigation Practices Affecting Salt Outflow: A Case Study In Uintah Basin, Joel R. Cannon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Colorado River is subject to a salinity problem which affects the downstream user. It has been suggested that approximately 40% of the salinity in the Colorado River results from irrigation return flow. The evapotranspiration process extracts nearly pure water for plant use leaving behind soluable salts which may become part of the return flow. These salts adversely affect the crop yield for the downstream user.

Farmers' contributions to the irrigation return flow have been criticized. With the criticisms have been many suggestions on salinity control, including restriction of salt outflow at the farm level through either voluntary or mandatory …

Synecology And Faunal Succession Of The Upper Mississippian Great Blue Limestone, Bear River Range And Wellsville Mountain, North-Central Utah, Alan P. Sweide

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The late Mississippian Great Blue Limestone was studied at four locations around Cache Valley, Utah. One location was at Dry Lake in the Pisgah Hills to the west of Cache Valley. Three locations were in the Bear River Range to the east of Cache Valley. From north to south the locations are: 1) Beirdneau Peak, 2) Logan Peak, and 3) the ridge to the north of East Fork Canyon. The Dry Lake location represents the upper, middle, and some of the lower part of the section. The base of the section is covered. Locations in the Bear River Range represent …

Structural Geology Of The Southern Part Of Elkhorn Mountain, Bannock Range, Idaho, George A. De Vries

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The area of southern Elkhorn Mountain, a previously unmapped area, is located north of Malad City, Idaho, in the Bannock Range. The mapped area is within the Basin and Range province. The mapped area measures 5.9 miles in the north-south direction and approximately 8.8 miles in the east-west direction.

The oldest stratigraphic unit, in the mapped area, is the Ute Formation of Middle Cambrian age. Other units of Cambrian age, in ascending order, are: Blacksmith Formation, Bloomington Formation, Nounan Formation, and St. Charles Formation. The units of Ordovician age are the Garden City and the Swan Peak Formations. The youngest …

The Micro-Characteristics Of Adult-Neonate Social Interaction, Ann Marie Berghout-Austin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In order to dissect social behaviors into their smallest components, five interactions, each involving one neonate and one adult, were video taped and kinescoped into 16mm black and white film exposed at 24 frames per second. The film was analyzed frame by frame and all starts, stops, and changes in direction of movements were scored. Adult movement durations were significantly shorter during vocalization and longer during nonvocalization. Each infant and adult body part had its own characteristic movement rate. Almost two-thirds of the dyadic movements were interactionally synchronous and most of the synchronization occurred during vocalization. It is suggested that …

A Comparative Evaluation Of Listening Skills Of Hearing Impaired Preschool Children Treated By The Home Auditory Program, Utah Project Ski*Hi, 1972-75, Susan Gail Crant Carne

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Home Auditory Program of Project SKI*HI on the listening skills of its students during the years 1972-1975. The scores of two groups of children, as measured on the SKI*HI Listening Skills Scale were compared. The statistical evaluation indicated that: 1. Significant improvements in listening skills were demonstrated by one group of children during three to eleven months of treatment, and 2. The scores of this treated group were significantly superior to the non-treated group, despite a similarity in age and degree of hearing loss between the two groups. …

The Effects Of Campgrounds On Small Mammals In Canyonlands And Arches National Parks, Utah, Gregory A. Clevenger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Campground use in our national parks is increasing yearly, but little quantitative data are available concerning the impact this use is having on the ecology of the campground and surrounding area. This paper reports on some of the effects of campgrounds on small mammal populations in Canyonlands and Arches National Parks, Utah. Data collection consisted of live-trapping from April to November, 1975 (12,337 trap-nights). The populations of Ordls kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), antelope ground squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus), deer mice (Peromyscus spp.), woodrats (Neotoma spp.), Colorado chipmunks (Eutamias guadrivittatus), and desert …

A Self-Instructional, Multi-Media Approach To Facilitate The Teaching Of The Index Of Nutritional Quality, Claudia Kay Probart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A review of the literature dealing with nutrition education established the following: (a) that there is a need for nutrition education at the elementary school level; (b) that elementary teachers do not always have the background or motivation to meet this need for nutrition education; and (c) that new educational methods that are easier to understand and more highly motivating are needed.

The Index of Nutritional Quantity (INQ), a nutrient density concept, was developed at Utah State University to answer the need for easily understood and motivating nutrition information. The INQ method of nutrition education has been used and considered …

Household Projections For Utah: 1970-2000, Stephen Hauwah Kan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study deals with Utah household projections by age and sex for five-year intervals from 1970-2000. Projections are based on the method used by the bureau of the Census with certain modifications. Two sets of the population projects prepared by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, high and low medium, are chosen as the population base. By assuming the household formation pattern in two alternate ways, constant rates and exponential growth rates, two sets of household projections are prepared for each of the two sets of population projections. This study also makes some examinations on the social and economic implications of …

The Influence Of Various Factors On Nitrogen Balance And Protein Quality Measured In Adult Human Beings, Arthur John Wittwer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of nitrogen intake, nitrogen source, calorie intake, body weight, adaptation time, research group and sex on the nitrogen balance of human adults was investigated. Data from studies reported in the literature were combined and analyzed statistically by multiple regression techniques. Analyses were made separately for six sources of nitrogen: egg, beef, rice, corn, wheat and wheat gluten.

Nitrogen intake, caloric intake and body weight exerted significant effects on nitrogen balance (5% level of confidence) for six, three and two of the six nitrogen sources, respectively. Other variables were not significant at the 5% level. Although differences were not …

Coyote-Food Base Relationships In Jackson Hole, Wyoming, John L. Weaver

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I measured three variables of coyote-food base relationships in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, during the period July, 1973, to July, 1975. Field work provided estimates of relative coyote and prey abundance as well as observations on coyote feeding behavior during winter. Laboratory analysis of 1,500 coyote scats revealed feeding patterns while feeding trials with captive coyotes allowed refinement in interpretation of scat analysis.

Deer mice and chipmunks comprised most of the rodent biomass captured in traps in the fall, while ground squirrels accounted for much of the rodent biomass in the spring. Field voles declined from 1973 to 1974 throughout much …

Growth-Form-Analysis And Paleoecology Of The Corals Of The Lower Mississippian Lodgepole Formation, Bear River Range, North-Central Utah, Judith M. Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Mississippian (Kinderhookian-Osagean) Lodgepole Formation contains a diverse fossil assemblage. Taxa present include brachiopods, crinoids, gastropods, cephalopods, trilobites and corals. Corals and associated fauna were collected from four localities within the Bear River Range. These are, from north to south, Beirdneau Hollow, Spring Hollow, Leatham Hollow and Porcupine Dam. The well-preserved tabulate and rugose (compound and solitary) corals exhibit a high degree of morphologic variability. The colonial corals of the Lodgepole Formation (particularly Lithostrotionella, Syringopora) exhibit a morphologic gradient from platy to hemispherical forms. The six morphologic categories of colonial corals discussed in this study are identified by mean …

Rodent Density And Species Composition In The Snake River Birds Of Prey Natural Area, Idaho, Jon R. Montan Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rodent densities were estimated in the major vegetation types of the Snake River Birds of Prey Natural Area in 1975 and 1976 by a combination of live-trapping and kill-trapping. Only deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were numerous enough to permit reliable density estimates. Relative densities of other rodent species were indicated by kill-trap capture rates. Densities of deer mice correlated well (r = 0.99) with kill-trap capture rates. The use of kill-trapping in place of live-trapping in 1976 permitted extensive sampling throughout the 1930 km² study area. Differences were found among the major vegetation and land-use types in …

Evaluation Of Some Soil Loss Equations For Predicting Sheet Erosion, Douglas Joseph Trieste

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this study were (a) to apply sediment and associated plot data from various infiltrometer studies to the parameters in the Universal Soil Loss Equation, a modified version of the original Musgrave Equation, and a modified version of the original Universal Soil Loss Equation, and compare the computed results with the measured soil loss, (b) to suggest reasons for any differences between computed and measured soil loss, and (c) to suggest improvements for each equation so that it will give results near the measured soil loss. The data used consisted of 2805 infiltrometer plots collected by previous researchers …

Seasonal Course Of Root Respiration In Atriplex Confertifolia, Richard S. Holthausen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Root respiratory response of mature Atriplex confertifolia plants growing in established communities was measured during two growing seasons using freshly excised root segments and gas chromatography techniques. Respiratory response at fixed test temperatures changed significantly during the growing season, and this pattern of respiratory adjustment varied for root segments located at different depths in the soil profile. Respiration measured at a constant test temperature was highest during early sumner, and declined to minimum values in late summer and fall. Root segments taken from the top 30 cm of the soil profile displayed peak activity several weeks before root segments from …

The Effect Of Four Mine Spoil Treatments On The Seedling Water Relations Of Two Plant Species, Lorraine K. Van Kekerix

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Surface mines in mountainous areas cause environmental deterioration at lower elevations in the watershed. The most successful long term solution to the downstream problem is revegetation. However, mine spoils are low in essential plant nutrients, have low water holding capacity, and are often acidic. These factors limit plant colonization. Plants must also be adapted to the environmental conditions of high elevations.

At the McLaren Mine, }1ontana, at 2800 m, it was observed that seedlings on revegetation plots were desiccated, indicating possible water deficits. Field and growth chamber studies were carried out to determine the effects of some spoil ameliorating treatments …

Biological Manipulation Of Blackbrush (Coleogyne Ramosissima Torr.) By Browsing With Goats, Frederick D. Provenza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide data on responses of Angora goats and blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) to a biological manipulation program. Blackbrush utilization levels averaged 30, 16, and 6 percent (545, 367, and 147 kg per hectare) for the heavily, moderately, and lightly browsed pastures, respectively; removal rates of 77, 38, and 19 percent (1164, 582, and 291 kg per hectare) were projected.

Statistically significant differences in body weight loss (P=0.052) were noted for goats browsing in different replications. Goats lost an average of 14 and 19 percent of body weight in replications one and two, …

Phosphorus Availability As Indicated By Alfalfa Response To Applied Phosphorus On Soils With Low Soil-Test Values, Ibrahim Odeh Ghawi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A field experiment was conducted at two locations in Utah, one at Erda in Tooele County and the other at Minersville in Beaver County. Each experiment was designed as a randomized block design with five treatments and four replication s for each treatment. The test crop was alfalfa. Three cuttings were taken from each location to estimate the yield. Soil samples from the first 12 inches and subsoil samples from 12-24 inches were taken to determine the available NaHCO₃-P in the soils. Plant samples were taken to determine the P content of the crop. The results showed that …

Vertical Mesoscale Water Vapor Flux In An Irrigated Valley, Esmaiel Malek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To obtain the profiles of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature, specific humidity, q, and air density, ρ, to a height of 200 meters above the ground, a precise lightweight thermocouple psychrometer was designed. To lift the thermocouple psychrometer and the attached wires in obtaining the ρq profiles, a rigid polyethylene balloon augmented with 5.5-feet outdoor or 100-g meteorological balloons were used. Using the height dependent eddy exchange coefficient and a one-dimensional time-dependent profile model, the nighttime variations of ρq as a function of height were predicted and compared with observed values. It was found that the general shape of …

Three Ordered Sets Of Factors And Their Relationship To Act Scores, Thomas J. Russo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There has been in recent years a marked decline in college entrance examination test scores. Declines have been documented both on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and the American College Testing Program (ACT). In turn there has been an increasing interest concerning the test score declines as well as possible sources of influence on test scores. These sources or factors seem to be functions of three main "contexts." These contexts are: (a) school-related factors, (b) student-related factors and (c) family-structure related factors. It was of interest to attempt to explain the relative association of each variable to composite ACT scores …

Effect Of Drilling Fluid Components And Mixtures On Plants And Soils, Parvin Pesaran (Djavan)

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The concern about the environment has required that the effects of drilling fluids (muds) on surrounding areas be known. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of various muds on plant growth and on soils.

In preliminary studies in Phase I (31 individual mud components), it was concluded that the obvious dominant effects on plant growth of detrimental drilling fluid components included excess soluble salts, excess exchangeable sodium percentage, possibly a high pH in some mixtures, and undesirable physical conditions. The latter resulted from the sodium and/or starch, gums, and bentonite.

Phase II, the second year's study of the …

Income Distribution Effects Of Water Quality Controls: An Econometric Approach, Ming Chien Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The imposition of water quality controls may affect the economy chiefly by altering aggregate production and changing the factor payments, These two effects could not only reallocate resources among production possibilities, but also could change the distribution of benefits of production among members of the society.

This study attempted to provide a workable theory to establish an empirical test of the impacts of water quality controls on family income distribution. It consists of two separate areas: first, to analyze methodologies of measuring income distribution changes, and, second, to develop a theoretical model that is useful for empirical tests of the …